Takaita chinyorwa chipfupi nemifungo mikuru kubva kuPython Junior Podcast: mairi takakurukura kwekutanga uye kwekuenda semutangi wePython. Munguva pfupi yapfuura tine zvakawanda zvemukati zvepakati nevakuru, asi chikamu ichi ndechevadiki.
Misoro mikuru:
- Ndeupi ruzivo runodiwa neanovice programmer kudzidzira
kuvandudzwa kwewebhu? - Vashandirwi vanotarisirei kubva kune vanogadzira?
- Chii chekuita kuti uwane basa usina ruzivo?
- Mugadziri wePython angavandudza sei?
Python Junior Podcast chirongwa che podcast kune avo vanoda kunzwisisa zviri nani Python. Nhepfenyuro inoitwa nevaevhangeri munharaunda uye vadzidzisi vekosi .
Vatori vechikamu muhurukuro:
- Valentin Dombrovsky,mubatanidzwa weMoscowPython
- Zlata Obukhovskaya, NVIDIA timu inotungamira
- Grigory Petrov, muevhangeri MoscowPython
- Alexey Shtyrnyaev, mugadziri paFinEx, mudzidzisi we Dzidza makosi
Python
Nei Python yakanaka pakuvandudza webhu
Valentin Dombrovsky: Nei Python yakakodzera kuvandudzwa kwewebhu? Sei usiri PHP kana JavaScript, semuenzaniso?
Grigory Petrov: Saka hapana sarudzo yakawanda. Kunyangwe ichokwadi chekuti muWebhu yemazuva ano iwe unogona chaizvo kuvaka peji imwe chete application kana inofambira mberi yewebhu application isina backend - kungoshandisa kumberi-kumagumo matekinoroji, uchishandisa JavaScript - ichiri yakaoma zvakanyanya, isina indexed uye inoda inotonhorera vanogadzira.
Kana tichida kugadzira webhusaiti kana sevhisi, tinoshandisa nzira yakasanganiswa: imwe backend inoshandisa iyo logic uye inogadzira mapeji ewebhu, uye mamwe emberi anodhirowa aya mapeji ewebhu mubrowser. Uye kana tichida kukurumidza kuzviisa pamwe chete pane chimwe chinhu, isu hatina chaizvo sarudzo.
Ngatitarisei zvingasarudzwa.
- C#. Microsoft yakanaka chaizvo, vakagadzira .NET Core uye vari kuisimudzira munzira dzese. Asi, chekutanga, iyi tekinoroji nyowani-yepuratifomu tekinoroji, uye hazvisi zvese zvakatsetseka ipapo. Chechipiri, inodhura chaizvo, kune vashoma vagadziri veC # - nekuda kwekuti haina kufarirwa.
- Java Zvakaoma. Kugadzira webhusaiti yakajairika muJava hazvitore gumi mitsara yekodhi, senge muPython. Iyi kodhi yakawanda, aya masisitimu, uye iwe unofanirwa kuziva iwo chaiwo ekumisikidza Java maseva. Kazhinji, kurwadziwa kunoramba kuripo uye kutambura.
- PHP. Mushanduro dzazvino uno zvinoshamisa. Ini ndichatotaura izvi: PHP 7.2 haina kuipa kupfuura Python. Asi haugone kungotora uye kushandisa PHP 7.2. Kana munhuwo zvake, asiri wepamusoro mugadziri wewebhusaiti muPHP, haazonyora chete mu7.2: achazofanira kuverenga mamwe mabhuku ezvidzidzo, tutorials, kune yakawanda yenhaka kodhi kwese kwese, uye izvi hazvina kunaka.
- JavaScript uye Node.js. Zvinoshamisa uye zvechizvino-zvino kana paine mutauro mumwechete kumberi-kumagumo uye kumashure-kumagumo. Haina kunyatsogadzikana. Node.js chinhu chakanaka, asi zvinonetsa kuiendesa mukugadzira kuitira kuti isapunzike uye ishande zvakatsiga. Uyezve, kana tichida kunyora kodhi yeJavaScript yemhando, hatidi JavaScript, asi TypeScript. Asi TypeScript yakaoma zvisingatarisirwi, uye avhareji huchenjeri hwekuvandudza hunovira kana vazviona.
Ngatisiyei Ruby, Haskell, Erlang nezvimwe niche zvinhu, uye isu tasara ... Python. Mutauro une syntax inowirirana, raibhurari yakajairwa yakafanana, zvinyorwa zvakanakisa, mafaera akakurumbira akareruka, uye mega-yakakurumbira Django musanganiswa.
Zvinoitika kuti, kunyangwe sarudzo yakakura kwazvo, kana isu tiine vakajairwa, kwete vepamusoro vanogadzira, isu tiri bhizinesi rakajairika rinoda kugadzira mawebhusaiti akajairwa, isu hatina dhipatimendi rekusimudzira revanhu makumi mashanu, tobva tatora Python.
Ruzivo rwupi runodiwa kuti upinde basa?
Zlata Obukhovskaya: Ini ndinotenda kuti iwe unofanirwa kuziva chimiro chimwe zvakanaka - uye kuziva izvo zvimwe zviripo uye kana zvichishandiswa. Tornado iripi, Django iripi, Flask iripi, aiohttp uye zvichingodaro.
Zvichabatsira kuziva kuti kune chinhu chakadai semaprotocol. Kunyanya, ruzivo rwe http protocol yakakosha pakuvaka mawebhusaiti.
Iwe zvakare unofanirwa kunyatsonzwisisa kuti kumberi kunoshanda sei mumapurojekiti ewebhu: chii chinonzi HTML, CSS, JS.
Alexey Shtyrnyaev: Uye ziva pane zvinyorwa. Chinonyanya kukosha.
Grigory Petrov: Apa tirikutsika pasi panodengenyeka. Kana isu tisina rombo rakanaka uye isu neimwe nzira takatanga kudzidza zvakadzama kumberi kwemazuva ano, zvino zvichave zvakapetwa ka10 zvakanyanya kuomarara kupfuura backend muPython. Mugadziri we novice anofanirwa kudzikamisa kutarisa kwake kuti atange kudzidza HTML, asi kwete kurasika mune ese aya divs, spans, anoyangarara, kuti zvese zvakarongeka sei uye zvakamisikidzwa.
Alexey Shtyrnyaev: Unoda kosi yeBootstrap yakakosha. Uye izvo zvekutanga zveHTML.
Mugore rekutanga, haufanirwe kunyura muJS masisitimu (kana iwe uri kutarisa kumashure). Iyo yekutanga Bootstrap kosi yatove neakagadzirira-akagadzirwa mamodule: kana iwe uchida inotsvedza, ita inotsvedza; kana iwe uchida iyo inoyangarara menyu, gadzira inoyangarara menyu.
Zlata Obukhovskaya: Ini ndinofunga kuti paunenge uchidzidza kumberi, iwe unogona kunyudza iwe, kunyanya, mumabatiro anoita statics anowanzo kupihwa kune web application. Saka mugadziri anofamba zvakanaka kuti atange kudzidza kuti mavakirwo ewebhu maapplication anoshanda sei musimboti uye kuti vanogara sei mukugadzira.
Grigory Petrov: Hongu, ini ndichaikurudzira pakarepo kana ukasarudza Python semutauro wekusimudzira kumashure uye, semuenzaniso, Django semugadziriso: Django ane zvinyorwa muBhuku reDjango, inotonhorera chaizvo, ine zvese zvakataurwa naZlata, iye zvakanaka kune anotanga.
Alexey Shtyrnyaev: Vamwe Django Vasikana vakakodzerawo kukurumidza kutanga kana chinangwa chako chiri kudzidza Django. Ichi chidzidzo apo mune rimwe zuva iwe unogona kuenda pamusoro, kunzwisisa izvo zvekutanga uye izvo hurongwa hunogona kuita.
Valentin Dombrovsky: Mukugadzirira kurekodha podcast, takanyora runyoro rwezvinodiwa nePython programmer pakuvandudza webhu, iyo inopfupikisa zvatakambotaura.
Izvo zvinosanganisirwa mune izvo zvekutanga zvekuvandudza webhu muPython
- Webhu masisitimu Django, Flask, aiohttp, Tornado, nezvimwewo (uye ziva nezvekuvapo kwevamwe).
- Protocols uye APIs: kunyanya http, JSON-RPC, Protocol Buffers, gRPC.
- ORM uye kutama, hukama dhatabhesi, SQLAlchemy, SQL, PostgreSQL, MySQL.
- Nheyo dzeHTML, CSS, Bootstrap, pamwe neJS zvimiro uye JQuery.
- Nheyo dzekushanda kwekushandisa mukugadzira, kuyedza, bvunzo dzeyuniti, autotests, shanduro yekudzora masisitimu, git.
Vadiki vanoda algorithms here?
Zlata Obukhovskaya: Pakutanga, haufanire kuziva maalgorithms; ivo vanozoonekwa zvishoma nezvishoma mumusoro mako kana iwe ukapinda mukusimudzira kwenguva yakakwana. Ndinoziva matani einjiniya akanaka anga asati ave nekosi yakanaka yealgorithms.
Grigory Petrov: Ndinoda kuwedzera huni pamoto. Kuda kwedu ma algorithms kunobva kupi?
Parizvino hatina dzidzo yakakosha mune algorithms, hatizive nzira yekudzidzisa vanogadzira, isu hatina technical base.
Vari kuyedza kuita izvi, asi pano isu tine nyaya yeHogwarts: isu hatigone kugadzira chikoro chevaroyi isu tisina muroyi mumwechete. Saka, yunivhesiti inofanira kuitei pavanouya kwavari uye vanobvunza kuti: "Tanga kudzidzisa mapurogiramu," asi havana mapurogiramu, nokuti munhu wose anoshanda paMail.ru, Rambler uye Yandex, vanofara ikoko here?
Yunivhesiti inotarisa uye inoti:
- Zvakanaka, kuronga. Ngatitsvage imwe nzvimbo ine hukama yeruzivo uye tikoke nyanzvi kubva ipapo. Ngatikokei vatori venhau vanogona kunyora kopi, mainjiniya emagetsi anogona kugadzira maseketi emagetsi, nenyanzvi dzemasvomhu dzinogona kushandisa maalgorithms.
Mukupedzisira, zvinozoitika kuti izvi zvinoshanda sekudzidzisa muvaki chidimbu chefizikisi nekuti zvidhinha nesimende zvinogadzirwa nezvikamu zvekutanga.
Panguva imwecheteyo, havatauri nezvesimende uye zvidhinha ivo pachavo, nokuti fizikisi ari kuedza kudzidzisa muvaki haazivi kuvaka dzimba. Somugumisiro, tinowana muvaki anokwanisa kutsanangura zvakakwana kuti "samende inoshanda", asi haana kumbozviona uye haazivi kugadzira chero chinhu kubva mairi.
Algorithms uye data zvimiro zvakanaka kwazvo, asi iyi idiki diki nzvimbo yekushandisa. Izvo zvinodikanwa nekukurumidza, semuenzaniso, kana uri kunyora injini yemutambo, compiler, kana network protocol.
Vazhinji vanogadzira mapurogiramu vanogadzirisa matambudziko ebhizinesi uko algorithms uye data zvimiro zvisingadiwi.
Masvomhu akanyanya kuoma ipapo kuwedzera kaviri uyezve kupatsanura. Zvinoda ruzivo rwakasiyana zvachose. Kugadzirisa matambudziko ebhizinesi kunoda kunyanya kushandiswa kwete ruzivo rwakakosha.
Zviri nani kuti mugadziri we novice ave nekunzwisisa kwebhizinesi uye nzira yekunyatso uye nekukurumidza kuunganidza zvivakwa zvinodikanwa kubva kune akagadzirira-akagadzirwa zvidhinha, maitiro ekugadzirisa iwo, maitiro ekuita chokwadi chekuti haaparare, ziva chikonzero nei ichiparara, chii chinoitika kana zvinodiwa zvachinja uye chirongwa chinotanga "kugara panheyo" seimba mushure mekunaya.
Izvi zvinhu zvinoshanda uye kunzwisisa kwekunyora software. Anofanira kuziva kuti kuwedzera kune debugger, ane seti yezvishandiso zvicharatidza chaizvo apo purogiramu iri kuderera.
Valentin Dombrovsky: Kuenzanisa uku kwakauya mupfungwa dzangu: iyi ishanduro kubva mumutauro webhizinesi kuenda mumutauro waunogona kutaura nekombuta. Kureva kuti, programmer imhando yemitauro chaiyo.
Grigory Petrov: Bhizinesi rinoda munyori, kwete nyanzvi yemitauro. Munyori haafaniri kuziva kuti sei makore ane chiuru apfuura izwi iri rakashandurwa kuva iri. Anofanira kugona kushandisa mashoko aya.
Zvaunoda kuti uwane basa rako rekutanga semugadziri
Alexey Shtyrnyaev: Panogona kunge pasina resipi yepasirese yekubika sei junior.
Kana iwe ukauya kune imwe kambani, ivo vanozokuhaya kwete nekuti iwe unoziva Django, JSON uye mashoma algorithms. Iwe unozonyanya kupihwa basa kune hunyanzvi hunodiwa nekambani iyi pano uye izvozvi.
Kune makambani mazhinji, uye ese ane zvakasiyana zvinodiwa. Iko hakuna huwandu hwakadai hweruzivo rwepasirese hunoda kuwanikwa kuitira kuti uwedzere kugadzirira resume uye enda kunotsvaga basa.
Grigory Petrov: Isu paVoxImplant patakanga tichitsvaga mainjiniya akati wandei, director wedu wehunyanzvi akagadzira izvo zvinodikanwa sezvinotevera: munhu anofanira kukwanisa kugadzirisa matambudziko. Zviri pachena kuti junior haaiti izvi nguva dzose zvinobudirira, kwete nenzira yakanakisisa uye kwete nguva dzose zvakarurama, asi zvakanaka kuti iwe unopa munhu basa, anotambudza uye anogadzirisa. Uhwu ndihwo hunyanzvi hunotsvakwa nevashandirwi.
Zlata Obukhovskaya: Vanhu vari kutsvaga basa kubva kune mamwe minda vane imwe bhenefiti kubva kune yebhizinesi maonero nekuti ivo vatoenda neimwe nzira uye vanokwanisa kugadzirisa matambudziko nekukurumidza. Idzi inyanzvi nyoro, ndingatoti tsika yebasa. Kazhinji, vakapedza kudzidza kuyunivhesiti havasati vagadzira iyi tsika yebasa.
Asi ini ndichiri kuda kuedza kupa imwe mhando yekubika kune vanotanga.
Matanho ekutanga emugadziri wemanovice
Zlata Obukhovskaya: Chekutanga ndechekuti iyi ichiri imwe mhando yeprojekiti yako, nekuti iwe unofanirwa kunyora chimwe chinhu mune yako resume uye kuratidza kushoma portfolio. Zvinotonhorera kana mapurojekiti aya asina kugadzirirwa iwe, asi senge chirongwa chekuzvimiririra - chemumwe munhu.
Mushure memapurojekiti ekutanga, iwe unogona kutoita resume uye kutumira kumakambani ese uko kune June zvinzvimbo. Hurukuro ichapa nzwisiso kune izvo makambani anoda. Nenguva isipi mumwe munhu achakuhaya, zvirinani mukambani diki. Zvadaro, chiitiko ichi chebasa chinokupa mukana wekupinda mukambani yakakura uye inonakidza.
Valentin Dombrovsky: Nenzira, mumakosi edu tinogadzirira vadzidzi kuti vave neprojekti yavo mukati memavhiki e10 ekudzidziswa. Uyezve tinodzidzisa hunyanzvi hwekuvandudza timu. Aya ndiwo chaiwo hunyanzvi hwakapfava hwakataurwa naZlata.
Alexey Shtyrnyaev: Ndinogona kukuudza kubva pane zvakaitika kuti zvinogona kutora nguva yakareba kuti utsvage basa rako rekutanga. Paunenge uchitsvaga mwedzi kana miviri, ndizvo zvakajairika. Kana iwe ukatumira resume yako kumakambani ese, enda kubvunzurudzo, mumwedzi wechitatu uchawana chimwe chinhu.
Valentin Dombrovsky: Iwe unogona kucheka mapurojekiti ako pachako kana kutora mapurojekiti akareruka emahara uye panguva imwe chete kutumira yako tangazve.
Ndedzipi tarisiro dzine mugadziri wePython?
Zlata Obukhovskaya: Mugadziri wePython anogona kuenda chero kupi. Iwe unogona kuenda mukuyedzwa uye kuenderera mberi nekuvandudza kune mukuru architect. Kana kunyange mune manejimendi. Kune akasiyana marudzi ehunyanzvi maneja, uye iwe unogona kukura kusvika kumusoro manejimendi. Iwe unogona kuvandudza mune data sainzi, DevOps, enda mune otomatiki kuyedza kana muchina kudzidza.
Valentin Dombrovsky: Kazhinji, pane zvakawanda zvingasarudzwa nemikana, kusanganisira zvidzidzo zvedu. Iwe haudi ruzivo rwakawanda pamusuwo, asi zvinokurudzirwa kuti uvhare huwandu hwakakura, nekuti zvakanyanya iwe zvaunogona, zviri nani kwauri.
***
Ichi chingori chikamu chekuburitswa . Iyo yakazara shanduro yechikamu inowanikwa .
Kana kutarisa:
Ndatenda nekuverenga, kuteerera kana kuona.
Source: www.habr.com
