Muchidimbu pamusoro pechinhu chikuru
Muna 2017, chinyorwa chakaonekwa paHabré "". Muna 2018, iyo tekinoroji komiti "Cyber-Physical Systems" :
GOST R "Maitiro eruzivo. Internet yezvinhu. Terms and Definitions",
GOST R "Maitiro eruzivo. Internet yezvinhu. Reference architecture yeInternet yezvinhu uye indasitiri yeInternet yezvinhu", GOST R "Information technologies. Internet yezvinhu. Narrowband Internet yezvinhu Exchange Protocol (NB-FI).
Muna Kukadzi 2019 PNST-2019 "Maitiro eruzivo. Internet yezvinhu. Wireless data transmission protocol yakavakirwa pane narrowband NB-Fi redhiyo chiratidzo modulation. Musi waApril 1, 2019, yakatanga kushanda uye ichapera musi waApril 1, 2022. Kwemakore matatu echokwadi, chiyero chekutanga chinofanirwa kuyedzwa mukuita, kugona kwayo kwemusika kunofanirwa kuongororwa, uye kugadzirisa kune mwero wakagadzirirwa.
Mune vezvenhau, gwaro iri rakamisikidzwa se "yekutanga yenyika IoT chiyero cheRussian Federation, ine tarisiro yekuve chiyero chepasi rose" uye iyo VAVIOT inoshandiswa paNB-Fi inopiwa semuenzaniso. .
Uhhh. Mangani ma links muchinyorwa chipfupi kudaro. Here - pane zvinyorwa zveyekutanga muyero mune yekutanga edition kune avo vane usimbe kuGoogle. Zviri nani kutarisa maitiro ekuita kweyero mugwaro iri, hatingazvitauri munyaya yacho.
NezveIoT data kutamisa zviyero
Mune network, iwe unogona kugumburwa pane kukosha kweanosvika mazana matatu maprotocol / matekinoroji ekufambisa data pakati pemidziyo inogona kuverengerwa kuIoT. Isu tinogara muRussia, tinoshanda paB300B, saka mukudhindwa tichabata pane mashoma chete:
- NB-IoT
Nharembozha yekukurukurirana chiyero che telemetry zvishandiso. Imwe yeatatu ayo anoitwa muLTE Advanced network iNB-IoT, eMTC uye EC-GSM-IoT. Iwo makuru matatu emafoni eRussia Federation muna 2017-2018 akaisa zvikamu zvetiweki zvinoshanda neNB-IoT. Vashandisi musakanganwa nezve eMTC neEC-GSM-IoT, asi isu hatizovasanangure zvakasiyana izvozvi.
- LoRa
Inoshanda pama frequency asina kunyoreswa. Iyo chiyero inotsanangurwa zvakanaka muchinyorwa chekupera kwe2017 "Chii chinonzi LoRaWan" paHabré. Anogara paSemtech chips.
- "Swift"
Inoshanda pama frequency asina kunyoreswa. Domestic mupi wemhinduro dzedzimba uye nharaunda masevhisi uye mamwe maindasitiri. Inoshandisa yayo XNB protocol. Ivo vanotaura nezve kugadzirwa muRussia, asi vanovimbisa kuve nechokwadi kugadzirwa kwakawanda kwemachipisi muRussia chete muna 2020, ivo vachigara paON Semiconductor (ON Semiconductor AX8052F143).
- Nyowani NB-Fi
Inoshanda pama frequency asina kunyoreswa. Inoshandisa yakafanana ON Semiconductor AX8052F143 chip seStrizh, maitiro ekuita akafanana, zvakare zviziviso zvekugadzirwa kwemachipi ayo muRussia. Kazhinji, hukama hunogona kurondwa. Iyo protocol yakavhurika.
Pamusoro pekubatanidza kubhadhara
Kune avo vakaedza kuunganidza "smart home" ivo pachavo, zvinokurumidza kuva pachena kuti kushandiswa kwema sensors kubva kune vakasiyana-siyana vanogadzira zvakanyanya kuoma. Kunyangwe kana tikaona kunyorwa kwakafanana nezve tekinoroji yekutaurirana pamidziyo miviri, zvinoitika kuti havadi kutaurirana.
Muchikamu cheB2B, mamiriro acho akafanana. Vagadziri veprotocol uye machipisi vanoda kuita mari. Kutanga purojekiti neLoRa, chero zvakadaro, iwe uchada kutenga michina paSemtech chips. Kuteerera mugadziri wepamba, unogona kuwana kutengwa kwemasevhisi uye zviteshi zvepasi mumutoro, uye mune ramangwana, nekubudirira kuvhurwa kwekugadzirwa kwechip muRussia, zvingangoita zvishandiso / element base inogona kutengwa chete kubva kune shoma nhamba. vatengesi.
Isu tinoshanda nenharembozha midziyo uye itsika kwatiri kuti tigamuchire michina telemetry data, kubatanidza, kusimudzira uye kuendesa mberi kune akasiyana masisitimu eruzivo. Forward TI (Traffic Integrator) ine basa reiyi block yebasa. Mune yakajairwa vhezheni, inoita seizvi:
Panyaya yekuwedzera zvinodiwa nemutengi zvekuunganidza data, mamwe ma module akabatana:
Iyo inofungidzirwa kukura kwemusika weIoT zvishandiso ndeye 18-22% pagore munyika uye kusvika 25% muRussia. Muna Kubvumbi, paIoT Tech Spring 2019 muMoscow, Andrey Kolesnikov, director weInternet of Things Association, akazivisa kukura kwegore negore kwe15-17%, asi ruzivo rwakasiyana rwuri kutenderera pane network. PaRIF muna Kubvumbi 2019, masiraidhi akapa data pakukura kwegore kweRussia Internet yeZvinhu musika ne18% kusvika 2022, huwandu hwemusika weRussia muna 2018 hwakaratidzwawo ipapo - madhora 3.67 bhiriyoni. Nekutaura, chikonzero chechinyorwa chanhasi "Gwaro rekutanga reRussia pamusoro pekumisikidzwa mumunda weIoT rakabvumidzwa ..." rakataurwawo pane imwechete slide. Sekuona kwedu, panotove kudiwa chaiko kwekugara uchibatanidza UNB/LPWAN zviteshi zvepasi nemasevha ekufambisa mashoko kuita masisitimu ekubhadharisa.
Kufungisisa
Mutsara wekutanga
Iyo data yekufambisa protocol kana kuitiswa kweiyo basa rekufambisa mune zvese hazvizove zvakakosha (tiri kutaura zvakare nezve chokwadi chekuti IoT haingori simbi yakabatana neInternet, asi chivakwa kana ecosystem). Iyo data ichaunganidzwa kubva kumidziyo yakasiyana zvachose uye iyo payload ichave yakasiyana. Hazvigoneki kuti kambani inotengesera magetsi ichavaka imwe network yekuunganidza data, gasi mutengesi yayo yechipiri network, yechitatu yekurasa mvura sevhisi, zvichingodaro. Izvi hazvina musoro uye zvinoita sezvisingaite.
Izvi zvinoreva kuti munzvimbo ine zvimiro ivo vacharonga network maererano nenheyo imwe uye sangano rimwe richaunganidza data. Ngatidaidze sangano rakadaro kuti data aggregator operator.
Aggregator opareta anogona kuve mupi wesevhisi anongotamisa data, kana mumiriri akazara anotarisira zvese zvinonetsa zvekubhadharisa, kuronga mubhadharo wemasevhisi anoitwa, uye kufambidzana nevanopedzisira vanyoresa-vatengi uye vanopa masevhisi.
Ndakaona kakawanda kuti vanhu vanotora sei marisiti mashanu kubva mubhokisi retsamba mwedzi wega wega, kwandiri mamiriro aya anozivikanwa. Yakaparadzana risiti yegesi, yakaparadzana yemagetsi, yakaparadzana kugadzirisa kukuru, yakaparadzana yemvura, yakaparadzana kugadzirisa imba. Uye izvi hazvisi kuverenga kubhadharwa kwezvikwereti zvepamwedzi zviripo chete paIndaneti - kubhadhara kweInternet, nharembozha, kunyoreswa kune akasiyana masevhisi evanopa zvemukati. Kumwe kwaunogona kuseta auto kubhadhara, kumwe kwausingakwanise. Asi mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro zvokuti yatova tsika - kugara pasi kamwe chete pamwedzi uye kubhadhara zvikwereti zvose, nzira yacho inogona kutambanudza kwehafu yeawa kana awa, uye kana zvakare chimwe chinhu chiri muhurongwa hwemashoko evatengesi chiri buggy. , ipapo iwe unofanirwa kuendesa chikamu chekubhadhara kune rimwe zuva. Ini ndoda kutaurirana nemupi wesevhisi kune zvese, pane kupatsanura pfungwa dzangu pane akawanda emabhiri nemasaiti. Mabhanga emazuva ano anoita kuti upenyu huve nyore, asi kwete zvachose.
Naizvozvo, iyo otomatiki yekuunganidza data pamasevhisi akadyiwa uye kuendesa kwekubhadhara kwesevhisi kune yekupedzisira mutengi mune imwe "hwindo" ibhoni. Iko kuunganidzwa kwedata kwataurwa pamusoro kuburikidza nekubatanidza traffic, seyedu Forward TI, ingori muromo weiyo iceberg. Iyo yekubatanidza traffic ndiyo yekutanga mutsara iyo telemetry data uye payload ichaunganidzwa, uye kusiyana nevanopa vane hanya nehuwandu hwekushandisa traffic mukati mayo, IoT ichapa pamberi peiyo mubhadharo.
Ngatitarisei muenzaniso uri padyo nesu kubva kunharembozha, izvo zvinoita mutsara wekutanga. Kune mushandisi anopa masevhisi ekutaurirana. Pane kufona kunotora maminitsi makumi matatu. Maminitsi gumi nemashanu ekufona akawira mune rimwe zuva, gumi nemashanu mune rimwe. Nharembozha yekutsinhana pamuganhu wezuva yakakamura kufona ndokuirekodha mu30 CDRa, kutaura zvazviri, yakaita nhare mbiri kubva kune imwe. TI, nezviratidzo zvisina kunanga, inonamira kufona kwakadaro uye kuendesa data nezve imwe yekufona kune yekubhadharisa system, kunyangwe data rakabva kumidziyo ingangoita maviri. Padanho rekuunganidza data, panofanirwa kuve nehurongwa hunogona kugadzirisa kudhumhana kwakadaro. Asi iyo inotevera sisitimu inofanirwa kugamuchira yakatojairwa data.
Ruzivo rwuri mumubatanidzwa wetraffic haruna kungojairika chete, asiwo rwakafumiswa. Mumwe muenzaniso: dhata rekubhadharisa nzvimbo harisi kuuya kubva kunhare yekuchinjana, asi isu tinoziva kubva kunzvimbo iyo runhare rwakaitwa uye TI inowedzera ruzivo nezvenzvimbo dzekubhadharisa kune iyo data yainopfuudza kune inotevera ruzivo system. Saizvozvo, iwe unogona kuisa pasi chero akaverengerwa paramita. Uyu muenzaniso wekuyera nzvimbo kana kuvandudza data.
Rimwe basa rekubatanidza traffic ndeyekuunganidza data. Muenzaniso: data inogamuchirwa kubva kumidziyo miniti yega yega, uye TI inopa data kune accounting system kweawa. Iyo chete data inodiwa pakubhadhara uye kubhadharisa inoramba iri muaccounting system; pachinzvimbo chemakumi matanhatu ekupinda, imwe chete inoitwa. Mune ino kesi, iyo mbishi data inotsigirwa kana ichida kugadziriswa.
Mutsara wechipiri
Ngatirambei tichikudziridza pfungwa yeaggregator yave murevereri akazara. Mushandi akadaro anochengetedza network yekuunganidza data uye akaparadzanisa telemetry uye payload. Telemetry ichashandiswa kune yayo yega, kuchengetedza iyo data yekuunganidza network iri mumamiriro akanaka, uye mubhadharo uchagadziriswa, kupfumiswa, kujaira uye kuendeswa kune vanopa masevhisi.
Iminiti yekuzvisimudzira, nekuti zviri nyore kuenzanisira pane yako software pane kuuya neabstract mienzaniso.
Pamutsara uyu, aggregator inoshandisa mune yayo hesita:
- Kubhadhara, uko kunofunga nezvekugashira data rakagadzirirwa kubva kuTI, richivabatanidza nevatengi vakanyoreswa (vanyoreri), kubhadharisa kwakaringana kweiyo data zvichienderana nehurongwa hwemitero inoshandiswa, kugadzira invoice nemarisiti, kugamuchira mari kubva kune vanyoreri uye kuitumira kune maakaundi nemasaramusi akakodzera.
- PC (Chigadzirwa Catalog) yekugadzira yakaoma mapakeji ekupa uye kutonga masevhisi sechikamu chemapakeji aya, kuseta mitemo yekubatanidza mamwe masevhisi.
- BMS (Balance Maneja), iyi sisitimu inofanirwa kuve yakawanda-yakaenzana, inoda kuchinjika manejimendi ekunyora-offs kune akasiyana masevhisi, ichaita zvakare kuti zvikwanise kushandisa akati wandei ehunyanzvi masisitimu ekubhadharisa masevhisi ega uye kuunganidza maverengero akagamuchirwa kubva kwavari. maererano nechiyero chese chemunyoreri.
- eShop yekudyidzana nevashandisi vekupedzisira, kugadzira kuratidzwa kweruzhinji masevhisi, kupa mukana kuAccount Yemunhu nezvinhu zvese zvechizvino-zvino zvakaita sehuwandu hwekushandiswa kwemasevhisi, kushandura masevhisi online, kunyorera masevhisi matsva.
- BPM (Business Processes) otomatiki yeaggregator's bhizinesi maitirwo anonangwa kune ese arisevhisi vanyoreri uye achidyidzana nevanopa masevhisi.
mutsara wechitatu
Apa ndipo panowanikwa zvinhu zvinonakidza kubva pamaonero angu.
Chekutanga, panodiwa masisitimu ekirasi yePRM (Partner Management System), iyo inobvumira inochinjika manejimendi yeajensi uye yevadyidzani zvirongwa. Pasina hurongwa hwakadaro, zvichave zvakaoma kubata basa revashandi pamwe nevashambadziri.
Chechipiri, panodiwa DWH (Data Warehouse) kuti iongororwe. Ikoko ndiko kutendeuka neBigData pane telemetry data uye payloads, kusikwa kwezviratidziro zveBI maturusi uye kuongororwa kweakasiyana mazinga kuchaendawo pano.
Chechitatu, zvakanaka, uye secheri pakiki, unogona kuwedzera iyo yakaoma nehurongwa hwekufanotaura senge Forward Forecast. Iyi sisitimu inobvumira kudzidzisa iyo masvomhu modhi iri pasi pehurongwa, chikamu chevanyoreri base, fomu kufanotaura kwekushandisa uye maitiro evanyoresa.
Kutorwa pamwechete, ruzivo rwakaoma ruzivo rweaggregator opareta inobuda.
Nei tichisarudza mitsetse mitatu munyaya yacho, uye tisingaisanganisi? Iyo nyaya ndeyekuti akati wandei akaunganidzwa ma paramita anowanzo kukosha kune bhizinesi system. Zvasara ndezvekutarisa, kugadzirisa, kuongorora kushuma uye kufanotaura. Ruzivo rwakadzama runodikanwa kune chengetedzo uye Big Data, nekuti isu kazhinji hatizive kuti ndeapi ma paramita uye zvinoenderana neapi maitiro anoongorora anouya kuzoongorora muBig Data, saka data rese rinotamirwa kuDWH muchimiro chayo chepakutanga.
Mune bhizinesi masisitimu ane manejimendi mabasa - kubhadharisa, PRM haichada mamwe ma paramita akabva kumidziyo, telemetry. Naizvozvo, isu tinosefa iyo yakawedzera minda, tibvise. Kana zvichidikanwa, tinopfumisa iyo data maererano nemimwe mitemo, tinoiunganidza, uye pakupedzisira toigadzirisa kuti iendeswe kune bhizinesi system.
Saka zvinozoitika kuti mutsara wekutanga unounganidza data rakasvibira rechitatu mutsara uye unogadzirisa kune wechipiri. Yechipiri inoshanda neyakajairwa data uye inova nechokwadi chekushanda kwebhizinesi. Yechitatu inokutendera kuti utarise mapoinzi ekukura kubva kune yakaomeswa data.
Chii chatinotarisira mune ramangwana uye nezvehupfumi hwezvirongwa zveIoT
Kutanga, nezvehupfumi. Pamusoro takanyora nezvehuwandu hwemusika. Zvinoita sokuti pane mari yakawanda chaizvo. Asi taona kuti hupfumi hwezvirongwa zvakayedzwa kuti zviitwe nerubatsiro rwedu kana kuti zvatakakokwa kuti zviongororwe hazvisanganise. Semuenzaniso, isu takaverenga kusikwa kweMVNO yeM2M tichishandisa SIM makadhi kuunganidza telemetry kubva kune imwe mhando yemidziyo. Iyo purojekiti haina kutangwa nekuti iyo yehupfumi modhi yakanga isingashande.
Masangano makuru enharembozha ari kufamba achipinda mumusika weIoT - ane zvivakwa, akagadzirira-akagadzirwa matekinoroji. Kune vanhu vashoma vanyoreri vatsva muRussia. Asi iyo IoT musika inopa yakanakisa mikana yekukura uye imwe purofiti kubva kunetiweki yavo. Chero bedzi chiyero chekutanga chenyika chiri kuedzwa, chero makambani madiki ane shungu achisarudza nzira dzakasiyana dzekuita UNB / LPWAN, mabhizinesi makuru anopinza mari mukutora musika.
Isu tinotenda kuti nekufamba kwenguva, imwe chiyero / protocol yekufambisira data ichatanga kutonga, sezvazvaive nekutaurirana kweserura. Mushure meizvozvo, njodzi dzinodzikira, iyo michina inozove nyore kuwanikwa. Asi musika panguva iyoyo unogona kunge watotorwa nehafu.
Vanhuwo zvavo vanojaira sevhisi, zvinovaitira kana maotomatiki emidziyo akafunga nezvemvura, gasi, magetsi, Indaneti, pombi yetsvina, kupisa, kuona kushanda kwekuchengetedza uye maaramu emoto, bhatani rearamu, uye kuongororwa kwevhidhiyo. Vanhu vachaibva kuti vashandise huwandu hweIoT muchikamu chedzimba uye nenharaunda mumakore anotevera 2-5. Zvinotora zvishoma kuti uise firiji nesimbi kumarobhoti, asi nguva ino zvakare haisi kure.
Zvinonetsa
NB-Fi yekutanga chiyero chenyika yakaziviswa nenzwi guru semukwikwidzi wekuzivikanwa pasi rese. Pakati pezvakanakira, mutengo wakaderera weredhiyo transmitters yemidziyo uye mukana wekugadzirwa kwavo muRussia mazita. Kudzoka muna 2017, munyaya yambotaurwa pamusoro peHabré, yakaziviswa:
Nzvimbo yenheyo yeNB-FI chiyero inodhura inenge 100-150 zviuru zveRubles, iyo redhiyo module yekubatanidza chigadzirwa kune Network - inenge 800 rubles, mutengo wevatongi kuunganidza uye kutumira ruzivo kubva pamamita - kusvika ku200 rubles. , mari yebhatiri - 50-100 rub.
Asi kusvika zvino, izvi zvingori zvirongwa uye, kutaura zvazviri, chikamu chakakosha cheiyo element base yemidziyo inogadzirwa kunze kwenyika. MuPNST pachayo, ON Semiconductor AX8052F143 yakanyoreswa zvakajeka.
Ndinoda kutarisira kuti NB-Fi protocol ichave yakavhurika chaizvo uye inokwanisa kuwanikwa, pasina fungidziro pamusoro pekutsiva nekumisikidza. Iva chigadzirwa chemakwikwi.
IoT yakajairika. Asi isu tinofanira kuyeuka kuti, chekutanga, "Internet Yezvinhu" haisi yekuisa zvinhu uye kurembera kutumira data kune gore kubva pane zvese zvinogoneka. "Internet Yezvinhu" nezve zvivakwa uye Machine-to-Machine optimization. Wireless data kuunganidzwa kubva kumagetsi metres haisi pachayo IoT. Asi kugovera otomatiki kwemagetsi kune vatengi kubva kune akati wandei - veruzhinji, vatengesi vega - kune iyo yese kugadzirisa inototaridzika senge yekutanga pfungwa yeInternet yezvinhu.
Ndeupi chiyero chaungagadzika network yako yekuunganidza data pairi? Iwe une tarisiro yeNB-Fi, zvakakosha here kuisa mari mukuvandudza masisitimu ekubhadharisa kuunganidza data kubva kumidziyo yeiyi chiyero? Pamwe akatora chikamu mukuitwa kweIoT mapurojekiti? Govera ruzivo rwako mumashoko.
Uye rombo rakanaka!
Source: www.habr.com