bazi idzva rakagadzikana returusi , iyo inopa sisitimu yekuvaka-yega mapakeji asina kusungirirwa kune chaiwo Linux kugovera uye inomhanya mumudziyo wakasarudzika unoparadzanisa application kubva kune yese system. Tsigiro yekumhanyisa Flatpak mapakeji inopihwa Arch Linux, , Debian, Fedora, Gentoo, Mageia, Linux Mint uye Ubuntu. Flatpak mapakeji anosanganisirwa muFedora repository uye anotsigirwa neyako GNOME application maneja.
Key muFlatpak 1.6 bazi:
- Π iyo GadziraUpdateMonitor nzira yakawedzerwa, ichibvumira maapplication kutarisa kutaridzika kwezvigadziriso uye kukumbira kuisirwa iyo yakagadziridzwa update.
Kuramba mvumo yekuisa zvigadziriso zvakazvimirira, unogona kushandisa murairo we "flatpak mvumo-set flatpak updates $APPID no" (kana iwe ukataura "bvunza" pane kuti "kwete", dialog icharatidzwa nguva yega yega kusimbisa update);
- Kurerutsa kusikwa kwevanobata, raibhurari inokurudzirwa
libportal, izvo zvinoita kuti zvikwanise kugadzirisa zviitiko pasina kushandisa zvakananga iyo Portal API uye masaini ekuparadzanisa anouya kuburikidza neD-Bhazi.
Libportal inopa akareruka asynchronous layers kune akawanda ""; - Yakawedzera mvumo nyowani "--socket=cups" yekupa mukana wakananga kuCUPS print server;
- Yakachinja protocol uye API yekubata chokwadi. Yakawedzera authenticator yeOCI (Open Container Initiative). Yakatemerwa tsigiro yekumisikidza otomatiki yeauthenticators kubva kunze flatpak repository. A callback handler akawedzerwa kuFlatpakTransaction kushandisa login uye password yekusimbisa, yakafanana neHTTP basic authentication method;
- Yakawedzerwa tsigiro yezvishandiso zvakachengetedzwa uye masisitimu anoda kuvimbiswa pabhoti;
- Iyo bubblewrap layer inoshandiswa kuvharisa yakagadziridzwa kuburitsa ;
- Yakawedzerwa sarudzo yekutsigira yekudzora kwevabereki kuburikidza neraibhurari application , iyo inokubvumira kuti udzivise kupinda kune mamwe marudzi ezvinyorwa;
- Mawedzero ikozvino akaiswa pamberi pekushandisa, zvichikutendera iwe kuti uwane application inoshanda nekukurumidza mushure mekuiswa kwayo kwapera;
- Manipulations ane mafaira enguva pfupi akagadziridzwa, izvo zvakavandudza kushanda kana pane kushayikwa kwemahara disk space;
- Kuita murairo ""Hazvichadiwi kushandisa sudo;
- Iko kugona kuvhura nharaunda dzakasarudzika (sub-sandbox) yemaitiro evana yakawedzerwa kumaportals;
- Yakawedzera mirairo mitsva "flatpak mvumo-seti" uye "mvumo-bvisa" kudzora kuisirwa mvumo;
- Yakawedzerwa sarudzo "flatpak install --or-update", iyo inoita update kana application yatoiswa;
- Yakawedzera "flatpak mask" murairo kugadzirisa shanduro uye kurambidza kuiswa kwezvigadziridzo;
- Kune mifananidzo iri muOCI (Open Container Initiative) fomati, rutsigiro rwakawedzerwa rwekusunga mavara, kuburitsa nhoroondo yekuchinja kwemufananidzo, uye kugonesa docker mime mhando, kuwedzera kune OCI mime mhando;
- Iyo yakasarudzika-mitauro kiyi yakawedzerwa kune zvigadziriso kutsanangura rondedzero yemitauro inoshandiswa, kuwedzera kune system rondedzero.
Ngatikuyeuchidzei kuti Flatpak inoita kuti zvikwanisike kune vanogadzira maapplication kurerutsa kugovera kwezvirongwa zvavo izvo zvisingabatanidzwe muyakajairwa kugovera repositori ne. chigaba chimwe chete chepasirese pasina kugadzira magungano akasiyana ekugovera kwega kwega. Kune vashandisi-vanoziva nezvekuchengetedza, Flatpak inokutendera iwe kuti umhanye inopokana application mumudziyo, ichipa mukana chete kune network mabasa uye mafaera emushandisi ane hukama nechishandiso. Kune vashandisi vanofarira zvigadzirwa zvitsva, Flatpak inokutendera iwe kuti uise yazvino bvunzo uye yakagadzika kuburitswa kwezvikumbiro pasina chikonzero chekuchinja sisitimu. Semuenzaniso, parizvino Flatpak mapakeji atove yeLibreOffice, Firefox, GIMP, Inkscape, Kdenlive, Steam, 0 AD, Visual Studio Code, VLC, Slack, Skype, Telegraph Desktop, Android Studio, nezvimwe.
Kuti uderedze saizi yepakeji, inosanganisira chete kutsamira-kwakanangana nekushandisa, uye iyo yakakosha sisitimu uye magiraibhurari emifananidzo (Gtk +, Qt, GNOME uye KDE maraibhurari, nezvimwewo) akagadzirwa seplug-in yakajairwa nguva yekumhanya nharaunda. Musiyano wakakosha pakati peFlatpak neSnap ndewekuti Snap inoshandisa zvikamu zveiyo main system nharaunda uye kuzviparadzanisa zvichienderana nekusefa system mafoni, nepo Flatpak inogadzira mudziyo wakaparadzaniswa nehurongwa uye unoshanda nemaseti makuru ekumhanya, ichipa kwete mapakeji sekutsamira, asi yakajairwa. one system nharaunda (semuenzaniso, maraibhurari ese anodiwa pakushanda kweGNOME kana KDE zvirongwa).
Kuwedzera kune yakajairwa system nharaunda (runtime), yakaiswa kuburikidza yakakosha , mamwe anotsamira (bundle) anodiwa kuti application ishande inopihwa. Pakazara, nguva yekumhanya uye bundle zvinoumba kuzadza kwemudziyo, kunyangwe inyaya yekuti nguva yekumhanya inoiswa zvakasiyana uye yakasungirirwa kumidziyo yakati wandei kamwechete, izvo zvinokutendera kuti udzivise kudzokorora mafaera ehurongwa akajairika mumidziyo. Imwe sisitimu inogona kuve neyakasiyana yekumhanyisa nguva yakaiswa (GNOME, KDE) kana akati wandei mavhezheni enguva imwechete yekumhanya (GNOME 3.26, GNOME 3.28). Chigaba chine application seyekutsamira chinoshandisa chinosunga chete kune yakatarwa nguva yekumhanya, pasina kufunga nezve ega mapakeji anoumba nguva yekumhanya. Zvese zvisipo zvinorongedzerwa zvakanangana nekushandisa. Kana mudziyo ukaumbwa, zviri mukati menguva yekumhanya zvinoiswa seye / usr partition, uye bundle inoiswa mu / app dhairekitori.
Kuzadzwa kwekumhanya uye midziyo yekushandisa inogadzirwa uchishandisa tekinoroji , umo mufananidzo wacho wakagadziridzwa atomi kubva kuGit-like repository, ichibvumira nzira dzekutonga shanduro kuti dzishandiswe kune zvikamu zvekugovera (somuenzaniso, unogona kukurumidza kudzosera hurongwa kune imwe nzvimbo yapfuura). RPM mapakeji anoshandurirwa muOStree repository uchishandisa yakakosha layer . Kuiswa kwakaparadzaniswa uye kugadziridzwa kwemapakeji mukati menzvimbo yekushanda hakutsigirwe; iyo sisitimu inovandudzwa kwete pamwero wezvikamu zvega, asi zvakazara, ichichinja mamiriro ayo. Inopa maturusi ekushandisa zvigadziriso zvishoma nezvishoma, zvichibvisa kukosha kwekutsiva zvachose chifananidzo nekuvandudza kwega kwega.
Iyo inogadzirwa yakasarudzika nharaunda yakazvimirira zvachose pakugoverwa kunoshandiswa, uye nekwakakodzera mapakeji marongero, haina kuwana mafaera uye maitiro emushandisi kana iyo huru sisitimu, haigone kuwana zvakananga michina, kunze kwekubuda kuburikidza neDRI, uye iyo network subsystem. Graphics inobuda uye sangano rekuisa uchishandisa iyo Wayland protocol kana kuburikidza neX11 socket kutumira. Kudyidzana nemamiriro ekunze kunobva paDBus messaging system uye yakakosha Portals API. Zvekudzivirira interlayer uye yechinyakare Linux mudziyo virtualization matekinoroji zvinoenderana nekushandiswa kwemapoka, nzvimbo dzezita, Seccomp uye SELinux. PulseAudio inoshandiswa kuburitsa ruzha.
Source: opennet.ru