ProHoster > Blog > internet nhau > Linux 6.7 kernel kuburitswa

Linux 6.7 kernel kuburitswa

Mushure memwedzi miviri yebudiriro, Linus Torvalds akapa kuburitswa kweLinux kernel 6.7. Pakati peshanduko dzinonyanya kukosha: kubatanidzwa kweiyo Bcachefs faira system, kurega kutsigirwa kweiyo Itanium architecture, kugona kweNouvea kushanda neGSP-R firmware, kutsigirwa kweTLS encryption muNVMe-TCP, kugona kushandisa kunze kweBPF, Tsigiro ye futex mu io_uring, optimization ye fq (Fair Queuing) scheduler performance), rutsigiro rweTCP-AO yekuwedzera (TCP Authentication Option) uye kugona kudzikamisa network yekubatanidza muLandlock chengetedzo meshini, yakawedzera simba rekupinda kune mushandisi zitapace uye io_uring. kuburikidza neAppArmor.

Iyo itsva vhezheni inosanganisira 18405 inogadzirisa kubva kune 2066 vanogadzira, iyo chigamba saizi i72 MB (shanduko dzakakanganisa 13467 mafaera, 906147 mitsetse yekodhi yakawedzerwa, 341048 mitsetse yakabviswa). Kuburitswa kwekupedzisira kwaive ne15291 zvigadziriso kubva kuvagadziri ve2058, saizi yechigamba yaive 39 MB. Inenge 45% yeshanduko dzese dzakaunzwa mu6.7 dzine hukama nevatyairi vemidziyo, ingangoita gumi nemana muzana yeshanduko ine chekuita nekuvandudza kodhi yakanangana nehardware architecture, 14% ine hukama netiweki stack, 13% ine hukama nemafaira masisitimu, uye 5% zvine hukama nemukati kernel subsystems.

Makiyi matsva mu kernel 6.7:

  • Disk Subsystem, I/O uye File Systems
    • Iyo kernel inotora iyo Bcachefs faira system kodhi, iyo inoedza kuwana mashandiro, kuvimbika uye scalability yeXFS, yakasanganiswa nezvinhu zvekushanda kwepamusoro kunowanikwa muBtrfs neZFS. Semuenzaniso, Bcachefs inotsigira maficha akadai sekubatanidza michina yakawanda muchikamu, akawanda-layer drive marongero (yepasi pasi ine data rinowanzo shandiswa rakavakirwa pakukurumidza SSDs, uye yepamusoro layer ine shoma-inoshandiswa data kubva kune hard drive), replication (RAID). 1/10), caching, transparent data compression (LZ4, gzip uye ZSTD modes), nyika zvimedu (snapshots), kutendeseka kwechokwadi uchishandisa macheki, kugona kuchengeta Reed-Solomon yekururamisa macode (RAID 5/6), kuchengetedza ruzivo mukati. fomu yakavharidzirwa (ChaCha20 uye Poly1305 inoshandiswa). Panyaya yekushanda, maBcachefs ari mberi kweBtrfs uye mamwe mafaira emafaira anobva paCopy-on-Write mechanism, uye inoratidza kukurumidza kushanda pedyo neExt4 uye XFS.
    • Iyo Btrfs faira sisitimu inounza yakareruka quota modhi iyo inokutendera iwe kuti iwe ugone kuita yepamusoro nekutevera nhanho chete muchikamu chidiki chavanosikwa, icho chinorerutsa zvakanyanya kuverenga uye kugadzirisa mashandiro, asi hachikubvumire iwe kuti utore chikamu chakagovaniswa mune akati wandei. subpartitions.
    • Btrfs yakawedzera nyowani "stripe tree" data chimiro, chakakodzera kurongeka kwemepu mumamiriro ezvinhu apo mamepu emuviri asingaenderane nemidziyo yese. Iyo dhizaini parizvino inoshandiswa mukuita kweRAID0 uye RAID1 kune zoned block zvishandiso. Mune ramangwana, vanoronga kushandisa chimiro ichi mune yepamusoro-level RAIDs, iyo inogadzirisa akati wandei matambudziko aripo mukuitwa kwazvino.
    • Iyo Ceph faira sisitimu inoshandisa kutsigirwa kwemepu yevashandisi ID yeakakwidzwa faira masisitimu, anoshandiswa kuenzanisa mafaera emumwe mushandisi pane yakamisikidzwa yekune dzimwe nyika pamwe nemumwe mushandisi pane yazvino system.
    • Yakawedzera kugona kutsanangura uid uye gid pagomo kune efivarfs kubvumidza asiri-midzi maitiro ekuchinja UEFI akasiyana.
    • Yakawedzera ioctl mafoni kune exFAT yekuverenga uye kuchinja FS hunhu. Yakawedzera kubata kwezero-saizi madhairekitori.
    • F2FS inoshandisa kugona kushandisa 16K zvidhinha.
    • Iyo autofs automount mechanism yakachinjirwa kuti ishandise iyo itsva partition mounting API.
    • OverlayFS inopa "lowerdir+" uye "datadir+" sarudzo dzekukwira. Yakawedzerwa tsigiro yekumisikidza nested yeOverlayFS ine xattrs.
    • XFS yakagadzirisa iyo CPU mutoro mune chaiyo-nguva block yekugovera kodhi. Iko kugona kuita panguva imwe chete kuverenga uye FICLONE mashandiro anopihwa.
    • Iyo EXT2 kodhi yakashandurwa kuti ishandise peji folios.
  • Memory uye system masevhisi
    • Tsigiro yea64 architecture inoshandiswa muIntel Itanium processors, iyo yakamiswa zvachose muna 2021, yakamiswa. Itanium processors yakaunzwa neIntel muna 2001, asi iyo ia64 yekuvaka yakatadza kukwikwidza ne AMD64, zvakanyanya nekuda kwekuita kwepamusoro kwe AMD64 uye shanduko yakatsetseka kubva ku32-bit x86 processors. Nekuda kweizvozvo, zvido zveIntel zvakachinja zvichifarira x86-64 processors, uye mijenya yeItanium yakaramba iri HP Kutendeseka maseva, maodha ayo akamiswa makore matatu apfuura. Code ye ia64 tsigiro yakabviswa kubva kukernel zvakanyanya nekuda kwekushaikwa kwenguva refu kwerutsigiro rwepuratifomu iyi, nepo Linus Torvalds akataura kugadzirira kwake kudzorera ia64 rutsigiro kune kernel, asi chete kana paine muchengeti anogona kuratidza hupamhi hwepamusoro. kuchengetedzwa kwepuratifomu iyi kunze kweiyo main kernel kweinenge gore.
    • Yakawedzera iyo "ia32_emulation" kernel mutsara wemirairo parameter, iyo inokutendera iwe kugonesa kana kudzima tsigiro ye32-bit modhi emulation mumakernels akavakirwa iyo x86-64 architecture padanho rekutanga. Padivi rinoshanda, sarudzo nyowani inobvumidza iwe kuvaka kernel nerutsigiro rwekuenderana ne32-bit maapplication, asi dzima modhi iyi nekukasira kuderedza kurwisa vector pa kernel, sezvo API yekuenderana isingayedzwe pane iyo huru kernel. interfaces.
    • Kuenderera mberi kwekuchinja kwekuchinja kubva kubazi reRust-for-Linux rine chekuita nekushandiswa kweRust mutauro semutauro wechipiri wekuvandudza madhiraivha uye kernel modules (Rust rutsigiro harushande nekukasira, uye harutungamiri mukuiswa kweRust pakati pe inodiwa kutsamira kwegungano kune kernel). Iyo nyowani vhezheni inoita shanduko yekushandisa iyo Rust 1.73 kuburitswa uye inopa seti yezvisungo zvekushanda nemitsara yebasa.
    • Zvinogoneka kushandisa binfmt_misc mashandiro ekuwedzera tsigiro yezvitsva zvinogoneka faira mafomati (semuenzaniso, kumhanyisa yakaunganidzwa Java kana Python maapplication) mukati meakasiyana asina kurongeka mazita.
    • Iyo cgroup controller cpuset, iyo inokutendera iwe kudzora mashandisirwo eCPU cores paunenge uchiita basa, inopa kupatsanurwa mukati memunharaunda uye kure partitioning, iyo inosiyana pakuti iyo mubereki cgroup ndiyo chaiyo mudzi chikamu kana kwete. Zvigadziriso zvitsva "cpuset.cpus.exclusive" uye "cpuset.cpus.excluisve.effective" zvawedzerwawo kucpuset kune yakasarudzika CPU inosunga.
    • Iyo BPF subsystem inoshandisa tsigiro yekusarudzika, iyo inogadziriswa sekubuda kwechimbichimbi kubva kuchirongwa cheBPF nekugona kusunungura mafuremu akachengeteka. Uye zvakare, zvirongwa zveBPF zvinobvumira kushandiswa kwekptr anonongedzera ane chekuita neCPU.
    • Rutsigiro rwekushandisa nefutex rwawedzerwa kune io_uring subsystem, uye mashandiro matsva akaitwa: IORING_OP_WAITID (asynchronous vhezheni ye waitid), SOCKET_URING_OP_GETSOCKOPT (getsockoptand sarudzo), SOCKET_URING_OP_SETSOCKOPT (setsocTKOpt_OPTI_oparesheni iyo yakawanda) pane data kana kuti haina kuzara buffer).
    • Kuwedzerwa kuisirwa kwemitsetse yeFIFO yakareruka imwechete-yakabatana inoda spinlock chete kuti iite mutsetse mumamiriro ekugadzirisa uye kuburitsa ne spinlock yekuwedzera kweatomu kumutsara mune chero mamiriro.
    • Yakawedzera ring buffer "objpool" ine scalable kuitiswa kwepamusoro-inoshanda mutsara wekugovera uye kudzorera zvinhu.
    • Chikamu chekutanga cheshanduko chakawedzerwa kuti chishandise futex2 API itsva, ine mashandiro arinani paNUMA masisitimu, inotsigira saizi kunze kwe32 bits, uye inogona kushandiswa pachinzvimbo chemultiplexed futex() system call.
    • Kune ARM32 uye S390x zvivakwa, tsigiro yeyazvino seti (cpuv4) yeBPF mirairo yakawedzerwa.
    • Kune iyo RISC-V dhizaini, zvinokwanisika kushandisa iyo Shadow-Call Stack cheki modhi inowanikwa muClang 17, yakagadzirirwa kudzivirira kubva pakudzoreredza kero yekudzoka kubva kune basa muchiitiko chekufashukira kwebuffer pane stack. Chinhu chekudzivirira ndechekuchengetedza kero yekudzoka mune imwe "mumvuri" stack mushure mekuendesa kutonga kune basa uye kudzoreredza kero iyi usati wabuda basa.
    • Iyo nyowani smart memory peji yekuongorora modhi yakawedzerwa kune iyo meshini yekubatanidza akafanana mapeji endangariro (KSM: Kernel Samepage Kubatanidza), iyo inoteedzera isina kubudirira mapeji akaongororwa uye inoderedza kusimba kwekuongorora kwavo zvakare. Kugonesa iyo nyowani modhi, iyo /sys/kernel/mm/ksm/smart_scan kuseta yawedzerwa.
    • Yakawedzera ioctl nyowani yekuraira PAGEMAP_SCAN, iyo, kana yakashandiswa neuserfaultfd (), inokutendera kuti uone chokwadi chekunyora kune yakatarwa ndangariro renji. Iyo nyowani ficha, semuenzaniso, inogona kushandiswa muhurongwa kuchengetedza uye kudzoreredza mamiriro eCRIU maitiro kana mumutambo anti-cheat masisitimu.
    • Muchirongwa chegungano, kana iyo Clang compiler iripo, kuungana kwemienzaniso yekushandisa iyo perf subsystem, yakanyorwa seBPF zvirongwa, inogoneswa nekusarudzika.
    • Iyo yekare videobuf layer, iyo yaishandiswa kubata furemu mu media subsystem uye yakatsiviwa nekuita kutsva kwevideobuf10 makore anopfuura gumi apfuura, yakabviswa.
  • Virtualization uye Chengetedzo
    • Iko kugona encrypt data mumabhururu madiki pane iyo block saizi mufaira system yakawedzerwa kune fscrypt subsystem. Izvi zvinogona kudikanwa kugonesa Hardware encryption nzira dzinongotsigira zvidhinha zvidiki (semuenzaniso, maUFS controllers anongotsigira 4096 block size inogona kushandiswa nefaira system ine 16K block size).
    • Iyo "iommufd" subsystem, iyo inokutendera kuti utore IOMMU (I/O Memory-Management Unit) ndangariro matafura mapeji kuburikidza nemafaira anotsanangura kubva munzvimbo yemushandisi, yakawedzera kutariswa kwedata risati raburitswa kubva kucache (tsvina) yeDMA. maoparesheni, ayo anodiwa pakusarudza ndangariro nedata isina kuvhurika panguva yekutama.
    • Tsigiro yekutsanangura mitemo yekudzora yekuwana yeTCP socket yakawedzerwa kune iyo Landlock mechanism, iyo inobvumidza iwe kudzikamisa kupindirana kweboka remaitiro nekunze kwezvakatipoteredza. Semuenzaniso, unogona kugadzira mutemo unobvumidza chete kupinda kune network port 443 kumisikidza HTTPS yekubatanidza.
    • Iyo AppArmor subsystem yakawedzera kugona kudzora kupinda kune iyo io_uring michina uye kugadzira emushandisi mazita enzvimbo, izvo zvinokutendera kuti usarudze kubvumira kuwana kune aya maitiro chete kune mamwe maitiro.
    • Yakawedzera virtual muchina atestation API kuratidza kuvimbika kweiyo chaiyo muchina boot process.
    • LoongArch masisitimu anotsigira virtualization uchishandisa iyo KVM hypervisor.
    • Paunenge uchishandisa iyo KVM hypervisor paRISC-V masisitimu, tsigiro yeSmstateen yekuwedzera yakaonekwa, iyo inovharira muchina chaiwo kubva pakuwana marejista eCPU asina kutsigirwa zvakajeka neiyo hypervisor. Uyezve yakawedzera tsigiro yekushandiswa kwekuwedzera kweZicond mumasisitimu evaenzi, ayo anobvumira kushandiswa kwemamwe mashandisirwo ehuwandu hwekuita.
    • Mune x86-yakavakirwa vaenzi masisitimu anomhanya pasi peKVM, anosvika mazana mana nemakumi mapfumbamwe nematatu eCPU anotenderwa.
  • Network subsystem
    • Iyo NVMe-TCP (NVMe pamusoro TCP) mutyairi, iyo inokutendera iwe kuti uwane NVMe madhiraivha pamusoro petiweki (NVM Express pamusoro peFabrics) uchishandisa TCP protocol, yakawedzera tsigiro yekuvharisa chiteshi chekufambisa data uchishandisa TLS (uchishandisa KTLS uye maitiro ekumashure. mune mushandisi nzvimbo tlshd yekubatanidza nhaurirano).
    • Kuitwa kwefq (Fair Queuing) packet scheduler kwakagadziridzwa, izvo zvakaita kuti zvikwanise kuwedzera kuburikidza ne5% pasi pemitoro inorema mumuedzo we tcp_rr (TCP Chikumbiro / Mhinduro) uye ne13% nekuyerera kusingagumi kwemapakiti eUDP.
    • TCP inowedzera inosarudzika microsecond-chaiyo timestamp (TCP TS) kugona (RFC 7323), iyo inobvumira kwakaringana latency estimation uye mamwe epamberi congestion control modules. Kuigonesa, unogona kushandisa murairo "ip nzira wedzera 10/8 ... maficha tcp_usec_ts".
    • Iyo TCP stack yakawedzera tsigiro yeTCP-AO yekuwedzera (TCP Authentication Option, RFC 5925), izvo zvinoita kuti zvikwanise kuona TCP misoro uchishandisa MAC macode (Message Authentication Code), uchishandisa mamwe mazuvano algorithms HMAC-SHA1 uye CMAC-AES- 128 panzvimbo yaimbove iripo TCP-MD5 sarudzo yakavakirwa pane legacy MD5 algorithm.
    • Rudzi rutsva rwemadhizaini etiweki "netkit" yawedzerwa, iyo data yekufambisa logic iyo yakaiswa uchishandisa chirongwa cheBPF.
    • KSMBD, kernel-level kuita yeSMB server, yakawedzera tsigiro yekugadzirisa mazita emafaira ane surrogate pairs of compound characters.
    • NFS yakavandudza kushandiswa kwetambo neRPC masevhisi. Yakawedzerwa rutsigiro rwekunyora nhume (yeNFSv4.1+). NFSD yakawedzera tsigiro yerpc_status netlink handler. Rutsigiro rwakavandudzwa rwevatengi veNFSv4.x pavanotumira kunze kune knfsd.
  • Zvigadzirwa
    • Chekutanga tsigiro yeGSP-RM firmware yakawedzerwa kuNouveau kernel module, iyo inoshandiswa muNVIDIA RTX 20+ GPU kutamisa kutanga uye GPU kutonga mashandiro kudivi reyakasiyana GSP microcontroller (GPU System processor). GSP-RM tsigiro inobvumira mutyairi weNouveau kuti ashande kuburikidza nenharembozha, pane kurongedza zvakanangana nehardware, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuwedzera rutsigiro rweNVIDIA GPUs nekushandisa pre-yakavakwa mafoni ekutanga uye kutonga kwesimba.
    • Mutyairi we AMDGPU anotsigira GC 11.5, NBIO 7.11, SMU 14, SMU 13.0 OD, DCN 3.5, VPE 6.1 uye DML2. Yakavandudzwa tsigiro yekurodha isina musono (hapana flickering kana uchichinja vhidhiyo modhi).
    • Iyo i915 mutyairi anowedzera rutsigiro rweIntel Meteor Lake machipisi uye anowedzera yekutanga kuitiswa kweIntel LunarLake (Xe 2).
    • Yakawedzerwa rutsigiro rweasymmetric transmission chiteshi yakawedzerwa kune USB4 v2 (120/40G) yakatarwa.
    • Yakawedzerwa rutsigiro rweARM SoC: Qualcomm Snapdragon 720G (inoshandiswa muXiaomi smartphones), AMD Pensando Elba, Renesas, R8A779F4 (R-Car S4-8), USRobotics USR8200 (inoshandiswa mumarouta neNAS).
    • Yakawedzerwa rutsigiro rweFairphone 5 smartphone uye ARM mabhodhi Orange Pi 5, QuartzPro64, Turing RK1, Variscite MX6, BigTreeTech CB1, Freescale LX2162, Google Sherion, Google Hayato, Genio 1200 EVK, RK3566 Powkiddy RGB30.
    • Yakawedzerwa rutsigiro rweRISC-V mabhodhi Milk-V Pioneer uye Mukaka-V Duo.
    • Yakawedzera tsigiro yeaudio interfaces yeHUAWEI laptops inopihwa ne AMD CPUs. Yakawedzerwa rutsigiro rwevamwe vatauri vakaiswa paDell Oasis 13/14/16 laptops. Yakawedzera tsigiro yevatauri vakavakirwa-mukati ASUS K6500ZC. Yakawedzerwa rutsigiro rwechiratidzo chisingatauri paHP 255 G8 uye G10 laptops. Yakawedzera tsigiro ye acp6.3 audio driver. Yakawedzerwa rutsigiro rweFocusrite Clarett+ 2Pre uye 4Pre nyanzvi yekurekodha nzvimbo.

Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo Latin America Yemahara Software Foundation yakagadzira vhezheni yemahara zvachose kernel 6.7 - Linux-libre 6.7-gnu, yakacheneswa yezvinhu zve firmware uye madhiraivha ane zvisiri zvemahara zvikamu kana zvikamu zvekodhi, chiyero chayo chinogumira. nemugadziri. Mukuburitswa 6.7, iyo blob yekuchenesa kodhi yakagadziridzwa mune akasiyana madhiraivha uye subsystems, semuenzaniso, mune amdgpu, nouveau, adreno, mwifiex, mt7988, ath11k, avs uye btqca driver. Iyo kodhi yekuchenesa iyo localtalk uye rtl8192u vatyairi yakabviswa nekuda kwekubviswa kwavo kubva kukernel. Yakabvisa zvisingakoshi zvekuchenesa xhci-pci, rtl8xxxu uye rtw8822b madhiraivha, akambowedzerwa nekukanganisa. Yakacheneswa mazita eblob mu dts mafaera eiyo Aarch64 architecture. Yakabviswa mabhurobhu mumadhiraivha matsva mt7925, tps6598x, aw87390 uye aw88399.

Source: opennet.ru

Voeg