Hurukuro iyi yanga isiri pahurongwa, asi yaifanira kuwedzerwa kudzivirira hwindo pakati pemakirasi. Hurukuro yacho ndeye maziviro atinoita zvatinoziva, kana, chokwadi, tichizviziva. Nyaya iyi ndeyekare senguva - yakakurukurwa kwemakore 4000 apfuura, kana kwete. Muhuzivi, izwi rakakosha rakagadzirwa kuti riratidze - epistemology, kana sainzi yeruzivo.
Ndinoda kutanga nemadzinza ekare ekare. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti mune imwe neimwe yadzo maive nenhema pamusoro pekusikwa kwenyika. Maererano nechimwe chitendero chekare cheJapan, mumwe munhu aimutsa madhaka, kubva pamapako ezvitsuwa zvakabuda. Mamwe marudzi aivawo nengano dzakafanana: somuenzaniso, vaIsraeri vaidavira kuti Mwari akasika nyika kwemazuva matanhatu, achibva azoneta ndokupedza kusika. Idzi ngano dzese dzakafanana - kunyangwe zvirongwa zvavo zvakasiyana, vese vanoedza kutsanangura kuti sei nyika ino iripo. Ndichadaidza nzira iyi yedzidziso yebhaibheri nekuti haibatanidzi tsananguro kunze kwekuti “yakaitika nekuda kwevamwari; vakaita zvavaifunga kuti zvakakodzera, uye ndiwo masikirwo akaita nyika.”
Munenge muzana remakore rechitanhatu BC. e. Vazivi veGreece yekare vakatanga kubvunza mibvunzo yakananga - kuti nyika ino inei, ndezvipi zvikamu zvayo, uye zvakare vakaedza kutaura navo zvine musoro pane zvebhaibheri. Sezvinozivikanwa, vakasimbisa zvinhu: pasi, moto, mvura nemhepo; vaiva nedzimwe pfungwa nezvitendero zvakawanda, uye zvishoma nezvishoma asi zvechokwadi zvose izvi zvakashandurwa kuva pfungwa dzedu dzemazuva ano dzezvatinoziva. Zvisinei, nyaya iyi yakavhiringidza vanhu munguva yose, uye kunyange vaGiriki vekare vakashamisika kuti vaiziva sei zvavaiziva.
Sezvaunorangarira kubva mukukurukura kwedu masvomhu, vaGiriki vekare vaidavira kuti geometry, uko masvomhu avo akanga akaganhurirwa, yakanga iri zivo yakavimbika uye isingarambiki chose chose. Zvisinei, seizvo Maurice Kline, munyori webhuku rinonzi “Mathematics,” akaratidzira. Kurasikirwa nechokwadi,” uko nyanzvi dzakawanda dzemasvomhu dzaizobvuma, hakuna chokwadi chipi nechipi mumasvomhu. Masvomhu inopa chete kuenderana kwakapihwa yakatarwa seti yemitemo yekufunga. Kana iwe ukashandura iyi mitemo kana fungidziro inoshandiswa, masvomhu achave akasiyana zvakanyanya. Hapana chokwadi chakakwana, kunze kweMitemo Gumi (kana uri muKristu), asi, maiwe, hapana chine chekuita nenyaya yehurukuro yedu. Hazvinakidze.
Asi iwe unogona kushandisa dzimwe nzira uye kuwana mhedziso dzakasiyana. Descartes, achifunga nezvekufungidzira kwevazivi vakawanda pamberi pake, akatora danho shure ndokubvunza mubvunzo: "Ndingave nechokwadi zvishoma sei?"; Semhinduro, akasarudza kutaura kwokuti “Ndinofunga, naizvozvo ndiri.” Kubva mukutaura uku akaedza kuwana huzivi uye kuwana ruzivo rwakawanda. Uzivi uhwu hwakanga husina kunyatsotsigirwa, saka hatina kumbowana ruzivo. Kant akapokana kuti munhu wese anozvarwa aine ruzivo rwakasimba rweEuclidean geometry, nezvimwe zvakasiyana-siyana, zvinoreva kuti kune ruzivo rwekuzvarwa narwo rwunopihwa, kana uchida, naMwari. Nehurombo, Kant paainyora pfungwa dzake, nyanzvi dzemasvomhu dzaigadzira dzisiri dzeEuclidean geometries dzaingoenderana senge prototype yavo. Zvinoitika kuti Kant aikanda mazwi kumhepo, kungofanana nemunhu wese akaedza kufunga kuti anoziva sei zvaanoziva.
Iyi inyaya inokosha, nokuti sayenzi inogara yakashandurwa kune inosimbisa: iwe unogona kazhinji kunzwa kuti sainzi yakaratidza izvi, zvichiratidza kuti zvichave seizvi; tinoziva izvi, tinoziva izvo - asi isu tinoziva here? Une chokwadi here? Ndichatarisa mibvunzo iyi zvakadzama. Ngatiyeukei mutemo kubva kune biology: ontogeny inodzokorora phylogeny. Zvinoreva kuti kukura kwemunhu, kubva pazai rakasangana nembeu kusvika kumudzidzi, zvine hurongwa kunodzokorora muitiro wose wekare wemhindumupindu. Nokudaro, masayendisiti anopikisa kuti panguva yekukura kwe embryonic, gill slits inooneka uye inonyangarika zvakare, uye saka vanofunga kuti madzitateguru edu ari kure aiva hove.
Zvinonzwika zvakanaka kana ukasafunga nezvazvo zvakanyanya. Izvi zvinopa zano rakanaka rekuti evolution inoshanda sei, kana uchitenda. Asi ini ndichaenda mberi zvishoma ndobvunza: vana vanodzidza sei? Vanowana sei zivo? Zvichida vanoberekwa vaine ruzivo rwakafanorongwa, asi izvozvo zvinonzwika kuremara zvishoma. Kutaura chokwadi, zvakanyanya kusagutsikana.
Saka vana vanoita sei? Vane mamwe masikirwo, vachiteerera izvo, vana vanotanga kuita manzwi. Vanoita manzwi ese aya atinowanzo kudaidza kuti kubvotomoka, uye kutaura uku kunenge kusingaenderane nekuti mwana anozvarirwa kupi - kuChina, Russia, England kana America, vana vanongobwairawo saizvozvo. Nekudaro, kubhuroka kuchakura zvakasiyana zvichienderana nenyika. Somuenzaniso, kana mwana wokuRussia akataura shoko rokuti “mama” kakawanda, anogamuchira mhinduro yakanaka uye nokudaro anodzokorora manzwi aya. Kuburikidza neruzivo, anoona kuti ndezvipi zvinonzwika zvinobatsira kuita zvaanoda uye izvo zvisingaite, uye nekudaro anodzidza zvinhu zvakawanda.
Rega ndikuyeuchidze zvandambotaura kakawanda - hapana izwi rekutanga muduramazwi; izwi rimwe nerimwe rinotsanangurwa kuburikidza nemamwe, zvinoreva kuti duramazwi rine denderedzwa. Nenzira imwecheteyo, kana mwana akaedza kugadzira kutevedzana kwakabatana kwezvinhu, ane dambudziko rekusangana nekusawirirana kwaanofanira kugadzirisa, sezvo pasina chinhu chekutanga chekuti mwana adzidze, uye "amai" haashande nguva dzose. Kuvhiringidzika kunomuka, semuenzaniso, sezvandicharatidza zvino. Heino joke rakakurumbira reAmerica:
mazwi erwiyo runozivikanwa ( nerufaro muchinjikwa ndichatakura, nemufaro kutakura muchinjikwa wako)
uye manzwire azvinoita vana (nomufaro bere rakachinjika, nerufaro bere rakachinjika)
(MuchiRussian: violin-fox/creak of a vhiri, ini ndiri kudonha emerald/cores emerald yakachena, kana iwe uchida bhuru plums/kana uchida kufara, bvisa shit-dhongi yako/ nhanho zana kumashure.)
Ndakavawo nezvinetso zvakadaro, kwete muichi chinoitika chaicho, asi pane zvinoitika zvinoverengeka muupenyu hwangu izvo ndaigona kuyeuka apo ndaifunga kuti zvandairava nokutaura zvimwe zvakanga zvakarurama, asi avo vakandipoteredza, zvikurukuru vabereki vangu, vakanzwisisa chimwe chinhu. .. izvo zvakasiyana zvachose.
Pano iwe unogona kuona zvikanganiso zvakakomba uye zvakare kuona kuti zvinoitika sei. Mwana akatarisana nekudikanwa kwekuita fungidziro pamusoro pezvinoreva mazwi mumutauro uye zvishoma nezvishoma anodzidza sarudzo dzakakodzera. Zvisinei, kugadzirisa zvikanganiso zvakadaro zvinogona kutora nguva yakareba. Hazvibviri kuva nechokwadi chokuti vakaruramiswa zvakakwana kunyange iye zvino.
Unogona kuenda kure usinganzwisise zvauri kuita. Ndakatotaura nezve shamwari yangu, chiremba wemasvomhu kubva kuHarvard University. Paakapedza kudzidza kuHarvard, akati aigona kuverenga zvakatorwa netsanangudzo, asi haanyatso kuzvinzwisisa, anongoziva maitirwo acho. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kune zvakawanda zvatinoita. Kuti tichovha bhasikoro, skateboard, kushambira, nezvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda, hatifaniri kuziva maitirwo azvo. Zvinoita sokuti zivo yakawanda kupfuura inogona kutaurwa nemashoko. Ndinozeza kutaura kuti hauzivi kuchovha bhasikoro, nyangwe usingakwanise kundiudza kuti sei, asi unokwira pamberi pangu pavhiri rimwe chete. Nokudaro, zivo inogona kuva yakasiyana zvikuru.
Ngatimbopfupisa zvishoma zvandataura. Kune vanhu vanotenda kuti tine ruzivo rwekuzvarwa narwo; Kana ukatarira mugariro wacho chose chose, ungabvumirana naikoku, uchirangarira, somuenzaniso, kuti vana vane kombamiro yomuzvarirwo yokutaura manzwi. Kana mwana akaberekerwa kuChina, achadzidza kududzira manzwi akawanda kuti aite zvaanoda. Kana akaberekerwa muRussia, achaitawo manzwi akawanda. Kana akaberekerwa muAmerica, acharamba achiita manzwi akawanda. Mutauro pachawo hauna kukosha zvakanyanya pano.
Kune rumwe rutivi, mwana ane mano okuberekwa nawo okudzidza mutauro upi noupi, kungofanana nemimwewo zvayo. Anoyeuka kutevedzana kwemanzwi uye anoona zvaari kureva. Iye anofanira kuisa revo muaya manzwi amene, sezvo pasina rutivi rwokutanga rwaaigona kuyeuka. Ratidza mwana wako bhiza womubvunza kuti: “Shoko rokuti “bhiza” ndiro zita rebhiza here? Kana kuti izvi zvinoreva kuti ane makumbo mana? Zvichida iri ndiro ruvara rwake? Kana ukaedza kuudza mwana kuti bhiza chii nokuriratidza, mwana wacho haakwanisi kupindura mubvunzo iwoyo, asi ndizvo zvauri kureva. Mwana haazive kuti oisa izwi iri muchikamu chipi. Kana, semuenzaniso, tora izwi rechiito "kumhanya." Inogona kushandiswa paunenge uchifamba nekukurumidza, asi iwe unogona zvakare kutaura kuti mavara ari pahembe yako apera mushure mekugeza, kana kunyunyuta pamusoro pekumhanya kwewachi.
Mwana anosangana nematambudziko makuru, asi nokukurumidza kana kuti gare gare anogadzirisa zvikanganiso zvake, achibvuma kuti akanzwisisa chimwe chinhu chisina kururama. Nokufamba kwemakore, vana vanova vashoma uye vasingachakwanisi kuita izvi, uye kana vakura zvakakwana, havachagoni kuchinja. Zviri pachena kuti vanhu vanogona kukanganisa. Rangarira, somuenzaniso, avo vanodavira kuti iye Napoleon. Hazvina mhosva kuti ufakazi hwakawanda sei hwaunopa kumunhu akadaro kuti izvi hazvina kudaro, acharamba achitenda mazviri. Munoziva, kune vanhu vakawanda vane zvitendero zvakasimba zvausingabvumirani nazvo. Sezvo ungadavira kuti zvitendero zvavo zvinopenga, kutaura kuti kune nzira yechokwadi yokuwana nayo zivo itsva hakusi kwechokwadi chose chose. Iwe uchati kune izvi: "Asi sainzi yakanaka kwazvo!" Ngatitarisei nzira yesainzi uye tione kana ichi chiri chokwadi.
Kutenda kuna Sergei Klimov neshanduro.
Zvichaenderera mberi…
Ndiani anoda kubatsira - nyora muPM kana email [email inodzivirirwa]
Nenzira, isu takatangisawo kududzira kwerimwe bhuku rinotonhorera - )
Tiri kunyanya kutsvaga avo vanogona kubatsira kushandura . (kutamisa kwemaminetsi gumi, makumi maviri ekutanga atotorwa)
Zviri mukati mebhuku nezvitsauko zvakashandurwa
- Nhanganyaya kune Iyo Art yeKuita Sayenzi neInjiniya: Kudzidza Kudzidza (Kurume 28, 1995)
- "Nheyo dzeDhijitari (Discrete) Revolution" (Kurume 30, 1995)
- "Nhoroondo yeKombuta - Hardware" (Kurume 31, 1995)
- "Nhoroondo yeMakomputa - Software" (Kubvumbi 4, 1995)
- "Nhoroondo yeMakomputa - Zvikumbiro" (Kubvumbi 6, 1995)
- "Artificial Intelligence - Chikamu I" (Kubvumbi 7, 1995)
- "Artificial Intelligence - Chikamu II" (Kubvumbi 11, 1995)
- "Artificial Intelligence III" (Kubvumbi 13, 1995)
- "n-Dimensional Space" (Kubvumbi 14, 1995)
- "Coding Theory - The Representation of Information, Part I" (Kubvumbi 18, 1995)
- "Coding Theory - The Representation of Information, Part II" (Kubvumbi 20, 1995)
- "Kukanganisa-Kururamisa Makodhi" (Kubvumbi 21, 1995)
- "Information Theory" (Kubvumbi 25, 1995) Zvaitwa, zvese zvaunofanirwa kuita kuzviburitsa
- "Digital Filters, Chikamu I" (Kubvumbi 27, 1995)
- "Digital Filters, Chikamu II" (Kubvumbi 28, 1995)
- "Digital Filters, Chikamu III" (Chivabvu 2, 1995)
- "Digital Filters, Chikamu IV" (Chivabvu 4, 1995)
- "Simulation, Chikamu I" (May 5, 1995)
- "Simulation, Chikamu II" (Chivabvu 9, 1995)
- "Simulation, Chikamu III" (Chivabvu 11, 1995)
- "Fiber Optics" (Chivabvu 12, 1995)
- "Computer Aided Instruction" (Chivabvu 16, 1995)
- "Masvomhu" (Chivabvu 18, 1995)
- "Quantum Mechanics" (Chivabvu 19, 1995)
- "Kusika" (May 23, 1995). Shanduro:
- "Nyanzvi" (Chivabvu 25, 1995)
- "Data Risingavimbike" (Chivabvu 26, 1995)
- "Systems Engineering" (Chivabvu 30, 1995)
- "Iwe Unowana Zvaunoyera" (June 1, 1995)
- (June 2, 1995) shandura muzvikamu zvemaminitsi gumi
- Hamming, "Iwe uye Tsvakurudzo Yako" (June 6, 1995).
Ndiani anoda kubatsira - nyora muPM kana email [email inodzivirirwa]
Source: www.habr.com