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Richard Hamming. "Chitsauko chisipo": Maziviro atinoita zvatinoziva (11-20 maminetsi kubva pa40)


Tanga pano.

10-43: Mumwe munhu anoti: “Musayendisiti anoziva sayenzi sezvinoita hove inoziva hydrodynamics.” Hapana tsanangudzo yeScience pano. Ndakaona (ndinofunga ndakambokuudza izvi) kumwe kusekondari vadzidzisi vakasiyana vaindiudza nezvezvidzidzo zvakasiyana uye ndaigona kuona kuti vadzidzisi vakasiyana vaitaura nezvezvidzidzo zvakafanana nenzira dzakasiyana. Uyezve, panguva imwe chete ndakatarisa zvatakanga tichiita uye chaiva chimwe chinhu chakasiyana zvakare.

Iye zvino, iwe wakamboti, "tinoita zviedzo, iwe unotarisa data uye gadzira dzidziso." Izvi zvinogona kunge zvisina musoro. Usati watora data raunoda, iwe unofanirwa kuve uine dzidziso. Iwe haugone kungounganidza isina kurongeka seti yedata: mavara ari mukamuri ino, mhando yeshiri yaunoona inotevera, nezvimwe, uye tarisira kuti itakure zvimwe zvazvinoreva. Iwe unofanirwa kuve neimwe dzidziso usati watora data. Uyezve, haugone kududzira mhedzisiro yezviyedzo zvaunogona kuita kana iwe usina dzidziso. Miedzo idzidziso dzakaenda kure kubva kwekutanga kusvika kwekupedzisira. Une mafungiro ekare uye unofanira kududzira zviitiko uchifunga izvozvo.

Iwe unowana huwandu hukuru hwekufungidzira kubva ku cosmogony. Madzinza ekare anotaura nyaya dzakasiyana-siyana dzakatenderedza moto, uye vana vanodzinzwa uye vanodzidza tsika netsika (Ethos). Kana iwe uri musangano rakakura, unodzidza mitemo yemaitiro zvakanyanya nekuona vamwe vanhu vachizvibata. Sezvaunokura, haugone kumira nguva dzose. Ndinofunga kuti kana ndikatarisa madzimai ezera rangu, ndinoona kapfungwa kekuti madhirezi akanga ari mufashoni mazuva apo madzimai aya ari kukoreji. Ndinogona kunge ndichizvinyengera, asi ndizvo zvandinofunga kufunga. Mese makaona maHippies ekare achiri kupfeka uye kuita sezvavaiita panguva iyo hunhu hwavo hwakaumbwa. Zvinoshamisa kuti unowana sei nenzira iyi uye hautombozvizivi, uye zvakaoma sei kuti chembere dzisununguke uye dzisiye tsika dzadzo, dzichiziva kuti havachatenderwi maitiro.

Zivo chinhu chine ngozi zvikuru. Zvinouya nerusaruro rwese rwawakambonzwa. Somuenzaniso, une rusaruro rwokuti A anotangira B uye A ndiye anokonzera B. Okay. Zuva rinogara richitevera usiku. Usiku ndicho chikonzero chemasikati here? Kana kuti masikati ndiwo anokonzera usiku here? Aihwa. Uye mumwe muenzaniso wandinoda chaizvo. Poto'mac Rwizi mazinga anowirirana zvakanyanya nehuwandu hwekufona. Nhare dzenhare dzinoita kuti mvura ikwire saka tinogumbuka. Kufona hakukonzerese kuti nzizi dzikwire. Mvura iri kunaya uye nechikonzero ichi vanhu vanodaidza tekisi nguva zhinji uye nekuda kwezvimwe zvikonzero, semuenzaniso, kuzivisa vadikani kuti nekuda kwekunaya kwemvura vanozononoka kana zvimwe zvakadaro, uye mvura inoita kuti rwizi rwuyerere. simuka.

Pfungwa yekuti unogona kutaura chikonzero nemhedzisiro nekuti imwe inouya pamberi peimwe inogona kunge isiriyo. Izvi zvinoda kuchenjerera mukuongorora kwako uye kufunga kwako uye zvinogona kukutungamira iwe munzira isiriyo.

Munguva yeprehistoric nguva, vanhu sezviri pachena vairatidzira miti, nzizi nematombo, zvese nekuti vaisakwanisa kutsanangura zviitiko zvakaitika. Asi Mweya, munoona, ine rusununguko rwokusarudza, uye nenzira iyi zvaiitika zvaitsanangurwa. Asi nekufamba kwenguva takaedza kuganhurira midzimu. Kana iwe wakaita mhepo inodiwa ichipfuura nemaoko ako, zvino midzimu yakaita ichi neicho. Kana iwe ukakanda zvitsinga zvakanaka, mweya wemuti uchaita ichi neicho uye zvese zvinozvidzokorora. Kana kuti iwe wakadyara mukati memwedzi wakakwana, kukohwa kuchava nani kana chimwe chinhu chakadaro.

Zvichida pfungwa idzi dzichiri kuremedza zvitendero zvedu. Tine zvakawanda zvavo. Isu tinoita zvakanaka nevamwari kana vamwari vanotipa zvikomborero zvatinokumbira, chero, chokwadika, kuti tinoita zvakanaka nevatinoda. Nokudaro, vamwari vazhinji vekare vakava Mwari Mumwe, pasinei zvapo neidi rokuti kuna Mwari wechiKristu, Allah, Buddha mumwe, kunyange zvazvo zvino vane nhevedzano yavaBuddha. Zvizhinji kana zvishoma zvaro zvakabatanidzwa kuva Mwari mumwe, asi tichine mashiripiti mazhinji akatipoteredza. Tine mashiripiti mazhinji muchimiro chemazwi. Somuenzaniso, une mwanakomana anonzi Charles. Munoziva, ukamira uchifunga, Charles haasi mwana wacho. Charles izita remwana, asi hazvina kufanana. Nekudaro, kazhinji mashiripiti akasviba akabatana nekushandiswa kwezita. Ndinonyora zita romumwe munhu ndoripisa kana kuita chimwe chinhu, uye rinofanira kuva nezvarinoita pamunhu wacho neimwe nzira.

Kana kuti tine mashiripiti anonzwira tsitsi, apo chimwe chinhu chinotaridzika chakafanana kune chimwe, uye kana ndikachitora ndikachidya, zvimwe zvinhu zvichaitika. Yakawanda yemishonga mumazuva ekutanga yaive homeopathy. Kana chimwe chinhu chichitaridzika zvakafanana kune chimwe, chichaita zvakasiyana. Zvakanaka, iwe unoziva izvo hazvishande zvakanyanya.

Ndakadudza Kant, uyo akanyora bhuku rose, The Critique of Pure Reason, iro akaita nevhoriyamu huru, gobvu mumutauro wakaoma kunzwisisa, pamusoro pemaziviro atinoita zvatinoziva uye kuti tinofuratira sei nhau yacho. Handifungi kuti idzidziso yakakurumbira pamusoro pekuti ungave sei nechokwadi chechinhu chipi nechipi. Ndichapa muenzaniso wenhaurirano yandakashandisa kakawanda apo mumwe munhu anoti ane chokwadi chechimwe chinhu:

- Ndiri kuona kuti une chokwadi?
- Pasina kusava nechokwadi.
- Hapana mubvunzo, zvakanaka. Tinogona kunyora pasi papepa kuti kana iwe usina kururama, chokutanga, iwe uchapa mari yako yose uye, chechipiri, iwe uchazviuraya.

Kamwe kamwe, havadi kuzviita. Ndinoti: asi wanga uine chokwadi! Vanotanga kutaura zvisina maturo ndofunga munoona chikonzero. Kana ndikabvunza chimwe chinhu chawanga uine chokwadi nacho, wobva wati, "Zvakanaka, zvakanaka, pamwe handisi 100% chokwadi."
Unoziva mapoka ezvitendero akati kuti anofunga kuti mugumo wava pedyo. Vanotengesa zvinhu zvavo zvose voenda kumakomo, uye nyika inoramba iripo, vanodzoka votanga patsva. Izvi zvakaitika kakawanda uye kakawanda muupenyu hwangu. Mapoka akasiyana siyana akaita izvi aive nechokwadi chekuti nyika yave kusvika kumagumo uye izvi hazvina kuitika. Ndinoedza kukupwisa kuti zivo yakakwana haipo.

Ngatinyatsoongororai zvinoita sainzi. Ndakakuudza kuti, chokwadi, usati watanga kuyera iwe unofanirwa kugadzira dzidziso. Ngationei kuti zvinoshanda sei. Mimwe miedzo inoitwa uye mimwe mibairo inowanikwa. Sainzi inoedza kugadzira dzidziso, kazhinji iri muchimiro chefomula, inovhara nyaya idzi. Asi hapana kana chimwe chezvazvino mhedzisiro chinogona kuvimbisa chinotevera.

Mumasvomhu kune chimwe chinhu chinonzi mathematical induction, iyo, kana ukaita fungidziro dzakawanda, inokubvumira kuratidza kuti chimwe chiitiko chichagara chichiitika. Asi kutanga iwe unofanirwa kubvuma akawanda akasiyana ane musoro uye mamwe fungidziro. Hongu, nyanzvi dzemasvomhu dzinogona, mumamiriro ezvinhu aya ekugadzira zvakanyanya, kuratidza huchokwadi hwenhamba dzese dzechisikigo, asi haugone kutarisira kuti nyanzvi yefizikisi igone kuratidza kuti izvi zvinogara zvichiitika. Hazvina mhosva kuti kangani iwe ukadonhedza bhora, hapana vimbiso yekuti iwe uchaziva chinotevera chinhu chemuviri chaunodonhedza zviri nani pane chekupedzisira. Kana ndikabata chibharumu ndikachisunungura, chinobhururuka chichikwira. Asi iwe unobva wangove nealibi: "Ah, asi zvese zvinodonha kunze kweizvi. Uye iwe unofanirwa kuita kusarudzika kune ichi chinhu.

Sayenzi izere nemienzaniso yakafanana. Uye iri idambudziko rine miganhu isiri nyore kutsanangura.

Zvino zvataedza nekuyedza izvo zvaunoziva, takatarisana nekudiwa kwekushandisa mazwi kutsanangura. Uye mashoko aya anogona kuva nezvaanoreva zvakasiyana neawaunoapa nawo. Vanhu vakasiyana vanogona kushandisa mazwi mamwechete ane zvirevo zvakasiyana. Imwe nzira yokubvisa nayo kusanzwisisana kwakadaro ndeyokuti mune vanhu vaviri murabhoritari vachiitirana nharo pamusoro peimwe nyaya. Kusanzwisisa kunovamisa uye kuvamanikidza kuti vanyatsojekesa zvavanoreva kana vachitaura nezvezvinhu zvakasiyana. Kazhinji ungawana kuti havarevi chinhu chimwe chete.

Vanokakavadzana pamusoro pekududzira kwakasiyana. Nharo inobva yaenda kune zvinorehwa izvi. Mushure mekujekesa zvinorehwa nemashoko, iwe unonzwisisana zviri nani, uye iwe unogona kukakavadzana pamusoro pezvinoreva - hongu, kuedza kunotaura chinhu chimwe kana iwe uchinzwisisa nenzira iyi, kana kuedza kunotaura imwe kana iwe uchinzwisisa neimwe nzira.

Asi wakangonzwisisa mazwi maviri chete ipapo. Mazwi anotishandira zvisina kunaka.

Zvichaenderera mberi…

Kutenda kuna Artem Nikitin neshanduro.

Ndiani anoda kubatsira kushandura, marongerwo nekutsikiswa kwebhuku - nyora muPM kana email [email inodzivirirwa]

Nenzira, isu takatangisawo kududzira kwerimwe bhuku rinotonhorera - "The Dream Machine: Nyaya yeComputer Revolution")

Tiri kunyanya kutsvaga avo vanogona kubatsira kushandura bhonasi chitsauko, chiri chete pavhidhiyo. (kutamisa kwemaminetsi gumi, makumi maviri ekutanga atotorwa)

Zviri mukati mebhuku nezvitsauko zvakashandurwaForeword

  1. Nhanganyaya kune Iyo Art yeKuita Sayenzi neInjiniya: Kudzidza Kudzidza (Kurume 28, 1995) Dudziro: Chitsauko 1
  2. "Nheyo dzeDhijitari (Discrete) Revolution" (Kurume 30, 1995) Chitsauko 2. Zvinokosha zve digital (discrete) revolution
  3. "Nhoroondo yeKombuta - Hardware" (Kurume 31, 1995) Chitsauko 3. History of Computers - Hardware
  4. "Nhoroondo yeMakomputa - Software" (Kubvumbi 4, 1995) Chitsauko 4. History of Computers - Software
  5. "Nhoroondo yeMakomputa - Zvikumbiro" (Kubvumbi 6, 1995) Chitsauko 5: Nhoroondo Yemakombuta - Inoshanda Zvishandiso
  6. "Artificial Intelligence - Chikamu I" (Kubvumbi 7, 1995) Chitsauko 6. Artificial Intelligence - 1
  7. "Artificial Intelligence - Chikamu II" (Kubvumbi 11, 1995) Chitsauko 7. Artificial Intelligence - II
  8. "Artificial Intelligence III" (Kubvumbi 13, 1995) Chitsauko 8. Artificial Intelligence-III
  9. "n-Dimensional Space" (Kubvumbi 14, 1995) Chitsauko 9. N-dimensional nzvimbo
  10. "Coding Theory - The Representation of Information, Part I" (Kubvumbi 18, 1995) Chitsauko 10. Coding Theory - I
  11. "Coding Theory - The Representation of Information, Part II" (Kubvumbi 20, 1995) Chitsauko 11. Coding Theory - II
  12. "Kukanganisa-Kururamisa Makodhi" (Kubvumbi 21, 1995) Chitsauko 12. Makodhi Error Correction
  13. "Information Theory" (Kubvumbi 25, 1995) Zvaitwa, zvese zvaunofanirwa kuita kuzviburitsa
  14. "Digital Filters, Chikamu I" (Kubvumbi 27, 1995) Chitsauko 14. Digital Filters - 1
  15. "Digital Filters, Chikamu II" (Kubvumbi 28, 1995) Chitsauko 15. Digital Filters - 2
  16. "Digital Filters, Chikamu III" (Chivabvu 2, 1995) Chitsauko 16. Digital Filters - 3
  17. "Digital Filters, Chikamu IV" (Chivabvu 4, 1995) Chitsauko 17. Digital Filters - IV
  18. "Simulation, Chikamu I" (May 5, 1995) Chitsauko 18. Modelling - I
  19. "Simulation, Chikamu II" (Chivabvu 9, 1995) Chitsauko 19. Modelling - II
  20. "Simulation, Chikamu III" (Chivabvu 11, 1995) Chitsauko 20. Modelling - III
  21. "Fiber Optics" (Chivabvu 12, 1995) Chitsauko 21. Fiber optics
  22. "Computer Aided Instruction" (Chivabvu 16, 1995) Chitsauko 22: Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI)
  23. "Masvomhu" (Chivabvu 18, 1995) Chitsauko 23. Masvomhu
  24. "Quantum Mechanics" (Chivabvu 19, 1995) Chitsauko 24. Quantum mechanics
  25. "Kusika" (May 23, 1995). Shanduro: Chitsauko 25. Creativity
  26. "Nyanzvi" (Chivabvu 25, 1995) Chapter 26. Nyanzvi
  27. "Data Risingavimbike" (Chivabvu 26, 1995) Chitsauko 27. Data isina kuvimbika
  28. "Systems Engineering" (Chivabvu 30, 1995) Chitsauko 28. Systems Engineering
  29. "Iwe Unowana Zvaunoyera" (June 1, 1995) Chitsauko 29: Iwe unowana zvaunoyera
  30. "Tinoziva Sei Zvatinoziva" (June 2, 1995) shandura muzvikamu zvemaminitsi gumi
  31. Hamming, "Iwe uye Tsvakurudzo Yako" (June 6, 1995). Dudziro: Iwe nebasa rako

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Source: www.habr.com

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