Kukura kwenhamba ye transistors pamachipisi inoramba ichitevera mutemo waMoore

Zvipingamupinyi pakuvandudzwa kwekugadzirwa kwesemiconductor hazvifananidzi zvipingamupinyi, asi masvingo marefu. Uye zvakadaro indasitiri iri kufambira mberi nhanho nhanho, ichitevera empirical humbowo hwakatorwa makore makumi mashanu neshanu apfuura. Mutemo waGordon Moore. Kunyangwe nekuchengetedza, huwandu hwema transistors mumachipi hunoramba huchipeta kaviri makore maviri ega ega.

Kuti urege kuve usina hwaro neiyo analytics yeIC Insights yakaburitsa rondedzero pamamiriro emusika we semiconductor muna 2020. Chirevo ichi chinosanganisira nhoroondo yekuvandudzwa kwemisika mikuru kubvira 71: DRAM ndangariro, NAND flash memory, microprocessors uye graphics processors.

Vaongorori vanocherechedza kuti mukati memakore gumi kusvika gumi nemashanu apfuura, zvinhu zvakaita sekushandiswa kwesimba uye zviyereso zvisingakwanisi zvakatanga kupesvedzera zvakanyanya kuwanda kwehuwandu hwema transistors mune zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvakabatanidzwa. Asi kazhinji, zviitiko zvitsva uye nzira itsva dzekugadzira uye kugadzirwa kwemachipisi zvinotitendera kuti tiverenge pamusoro pekuenderera mberi kwekuchengetedzwa kwemutemo waMoore.

Nekudaro, huwandu hwema transistors mumachipi eDRAM hwakawedzera paavhareji yeavhareji ye2000% pagore mukutanga 45s, asi yakadzikira kusvika makumi maviri muzana pagore kubvira 2016 nekuunzwa kwe20-Gbit memory chips kubva kuSamsung. Iyo DDR16 standard, iyo ichiri kupedzwa neJEDEC, ichasanganisira monolithic zvishandiso zvine hunyanzvi hwe5 Gbit, 24 Gbit uye 32 Gbit, inove kusvetuka kutsva kumberi.

Kukura kwegore mu flash memory density yakaramba iri pa2012-55% pagore kusvika 60, asi yakaramba kusvika 30-35% pagore. Kune planar flash memory chips, yakanyanya density yaive 128 Gbit (data kubva muna Ndira 2020). Asi iyo yakanyanya kuwanda kweiyo 3D NAND chip yakasvika 1,33 Tbit ye96-layer memory ine mabhiti mana pasero (QLC). Pakupera kwegore, 1,5 Tbit 128-layer microcircuits inovimbiswa kuoneka, nekuwedzera kunotevera kwehuwandu hwe2 Tbit.

Huwandu hwema transistors muIntel PC microprocessors hwakakura neanosvika makumi mana muzana pagore kusvika 2010, asi nhamba iyi yakadonha nehafu mumakore akatevera. Huwandu hwema transistors huri kuramba huchikura mumakambani maseva processors. Kukura uku kwakamira pakati-kusvika-kupera kwa40s asi kwakabva kwatangazve pamwero we2000% pagore. Intel yakamira kuburitsa transistor count data muna 25.

Huwandu hwema transistors muApple's application processors mu iPhone smartphones uye iPad mahwendefa akawedzera ne2013% pagore kubva 43. Iyi nhamba inosanganisira data kubva kuA13 processor ine 8,5 bhiriyoni transistors. Apple inotarisirwa kuunza iPad Pro inofambiswa neiyo A2020X processor muhafu yekutanga ya13.

NVIDIA's high-performance GPUs ine yakanyanya kukwira transistor kuverenga. Kusiyana nemamicroprocessors, maGPU, ane dhigirii rawo repamusoro rearchitectural parallelism, haana huwandu hwakakosha hwecache memory, achisiya yakawanda nzvimbo yekufunga (transistors). Iyo kambani kuenderera mberi yakatarisa pakudzidza kwemuchina uye AI accelerators inongopisa maitiro aya.

Source: 3dnews.ru