Mitauro isingawanzo uye inodhura kwazvo yekuronga. Chikamu II

Munguva pfupi yapfuura, kune vaverengi veHabr, ndakaitisa pfupi kudzidza mitauro yekuronga yakaita seRust, Dart, Erlang, kuti uone kuti ishoma sei mumusika weRussia IT.

Mukupindura kutsvagurudzo yangu, mamwe makomendi uye mibvunzo ine chekuita nemimwe mitauro yakadururwa mukati. Ndafunga kuunganidza macomments enyu ese ndoita imwe ongororo.

Tsvagiridzo iyi yaisanganisira mitauro: Forth, Ceylon, Scala, Perl, Cobol, pamwe nemimwe mitauro. Kazhinji, ndakaongorora mitauro gumi yekuronga.

Kuita kuti zvive nyore kuti iwe unzwisise ruzivo, ini ndakakamura mitauro mumapoka maviri: isingawanzo (hapana kudiwa uye yakaderera kupa) uye yakakurumbira (mutauro uri kudiwa pamusika weRussia IT).

Ongororo yangu, senguva yekupedzisira, yakavakirwa pane data yakatorwa kubva kuHedhunter portal, kubva pasocial network LinkedIn, pamwe nenhamba dzemunhu kubva kusangano rangu. Kuti ndinyatsoongorora mitauro isingawanzo, ndakashandisa iyo Amazing Hiring service.

Kune avo vasingazive kuti Inoshamisa Hiring chii, ini ndichakuudza. Iri ibasa rakakosha "rinotsanangura" ruzivo rwese nezve nyanzvi kubva kuInternet yese. Nerubatsiro rwayo, unogona kuona kuti vangani nyanzvi dzinoratidza mumwe mutauro muunyanzvi hwavo.

Saka, ngatitange nemitauro yakakurumbira yekuronga.

Mitauro yakakurumbira

Verilog, VHDL

Iyi mitauro mikuru yekutsanangura mitauro yakakurumbira mumusika weRussia IT. 1870 nyanzvi dzakaratidza paHedhunter kuti vanoziva Verilog. Mubvunzo weVHDL unodzorera 1159 inotangazve. 613 nyanzvi dzinonyora mumitauro miviri. Vagadziri vaviri vaisanganisira ruzivo rweVHDL/Verilog mumusoro wekutangazve. Kusiyana, Verilog inozivikanwa seyo huru - 19 vagadziri, VHDL - 23.

Pane makambani makumi matanhatu nemasere anopa mabasa kune vanogadzira VHDL, uye 68 veVerilog.Paaya, pane 85.

Sezvineiwo, mitauro yakakurumbira pakati pevadiki nyanzvi vane makore 18 kusvika 30 makore.

Sezvo VHDL neVerilog zvichiwanzoenda pamwe chete, ndinoratidza chiyero chechiyero chenhamba yezvekutanga kune nhamba yezvinzvimbo ndichishandisa muenzaniso wemutauro weVHDL. Kuti zvive pachena, ndaratidza zvakasiyana vagadziri vakaratidza ruzivo rweVHDL mumusoro wezvekutanga kwavo, izvo zvinogona kuoneka mumufananidzo:

Mufananidzo wacho unoratidza reshiyo yenhamba yezvinzvimbo kune nhamba yezvakadhindwa zvinotangazve. Vagadziri veVHDL hardware tsananguro inoratidzwa mutsvuku.

Scala

Zvichida imwe yemitauro inonyanya kufarirwa uye yakatsvakwa pane iyo rondedzero. Mutauro wakapinda mumhando dzese dzezviyero stackoverflow. Iri pachinzvimbo chechi18 murunyorwa rwemitauro inonyanya kufarirwa. Iyo zvakare imwe yemitauro inodiwa pakati pevagadziri vemitauro, inotora nzvimbo yechigumi nembiri muyero uye,zve, Stackoverflow yakarongedza Scala seimwe yeinodhura kwazvo mitauro yekuronga. Mutauro unowanikwa kuseri kweErlang programming mutauro, uchitora 12th chinzvimbo. Muhoro wepasi rose wemugadziri weScala imadhora makumi matanhatu nenomwe. Vagadziri veScala vanobhadharwa zvakanyanya muUSA.

PaHedhunter, 166 nyanzvi dzakasanganisira ruzivo rweScala mumusoro wekutangisa kwavo. Huwandu hwe1392 dzekutanga dzakaburitswa paHedhunter. Mutauro uyu unozivikanwa zvikuru pakati penyanzvi dzevechidiki. Kazhinji Scala inoenda padivi peJava. Kune 2593 inotangazve paLinkedin, iyo 199 vari Scala vanogadzira.

Kana tikataura nezve kudiwa, zvese zvinopfuura zvakanaka pano. Kune mazana mashanu neshanu emabasa anoshanda paHedhunter, ayo makumi masere ane Scala akanyorwa muzita renzvimbo. Kune makambani makumi matatu nematanhatu ari kutsvaga vanogadzira Scala paLinkedIn. Pakazara, 515 makambani anopa mabasa kune vakomana vanoziva Scala.

Mufananidzo wacho unoratidza reshiyo yenhamba yezvinzvimbo kune nhamba yezvakadhindwa zvinotangazve. Vagadziri veScala pachavo vanoratidzwa mutsvuku.

Pamusoro pekuti vanogadzira Scala vari kudiwa pamusika weRussia, vanogamuchira mihoro yakakwira. Zvinoenderana nenhamba dzesangano rangu, Vagadziri veScala vanodhura kupfuura vanogadzira Java. Isu tiri kutsvaga mugadziri weScala wekambani yeMoscow. Avhareji yemuhoro inopihwa nevashandirwi kune yepakati + nyanzvi yedanho inotangira kubva ku250 zviuru rubles.

Perl

Akanyanya "kazhinji" pane yangu runyorwa rwemitauro isingawanzo aive Perl. Vanamazvikokota veIT vanodarika zviuru gumi nerimwe vakanyora ruzivo rwePerl sehunyanzvi hwakakosha, uye mazana matatu negumi nevapfumbamwe vavo vaisanganisira ruzivo rwemutauro mumusoro wezvekutanga kwavo. Pa LinkedIn ndakawana 11000 nyanzvi dzinoziva Perl. Kune mazana mashanu nemakumi matanhatu nenhanhatu anoshanda vacancies pa Headhunter, 319 pa LinkedIn.

Kune vashoma vanogadzira vanoisa ruzivo rwePerl mumusoro wezvezve yavo pane kune vakaburitswa vacancies. Perl hausi mutauro unozivikanwa chete, zvakare ndeimwe yemitauro inonyanya kudiwa pamusika. Izvi ndizvo zvakaita statistics:

Статистика stackoverflow inoratidza kuti Perl ndeimwe yemitauro inodhura kwazvo yekuronga (avhareji yepasi rose imadhora makumi matanhatu nenomwe) uye imwe yeanonyanya kufarirwa pasirese. Vanopfuura 69% yevagadziri vanotaura Perl.

Kunyangwe kuwanda kwakanyanya kwemutauro, vagadziri vePerl vanopihwa basa nemapurojekiti anga aripo pamusika weIT. Kwemakore matatu apfuura, agency yangu haina kumbobvira yawana chikumbiro chekutsvaga Perl mugadziri weiyo itsva IT chirongwa kana kutanga.

Statistics:

Kana tikaenzanisa kudiwa kwemitauro yese yakakurumbira yekuronga, tinowana chimwe chinhu chakadai: mutauro unonyanya kufarirwa pakati peinoshandiswa ndiPerl. Kune huwandu hwe925 mabasa anopihwa paHeadHunter uye LinkedIn kune avo vanoziva Perl. Scala haisi kure kumashure kwePerl. Pane 798 zvinopihwa pamaportals.

Iwo madhayagiramu anoratidzwa anoratidza huwandu hweakatsikiswa mabasa emitauro yekuronga: VHDL, Scala, Perl.

Mitauro isingawanzo kurongwa

Forth

Mutauro weForth programming wakaonekwa kuma70s. Iye zvino haisi kudiwa pamusika weRussia. Iko hakuna mabasa pa Headhunter kana LinkedIn. 166 nyanzvi paHedhunter uye makumi maviri neshanu paLinkedIn vakaratidza kugona kwavo mutauro muzvidzidzo zvavo.

Ruzhinji rwevanyoreri vane anopfuura makore matanhatu eruzivo rwebasa. Nyanzvi dzine ruzivo rweForth dzinokumbira zvakasiyana-siyana zvemihoro kubva ku6 zviuru zveRubles uye kusvika ku20 zviuru zveRubles.

cobol

Imwe yemitauro yekare yekuronga. Vazhinji vanogadzira vamiriri veboka rezera revakuru (vanopfuura makore makumi mashanu) vane ruzivo rwebasa rinonakidza. Izvi zvinosimbisawo chiyero chazvino stackoverflow, iyo inotaura kuti vazhinji vane ruzivo vanogadzira mapurogiramu vanonyora muCobol nePerl.

Pakazara, ndakawana 362 inotanga paHedhunter uye 108 inotanga pa LinkedIn. Cobol ruzivo rwe13 nyanzvi dzakaverengerwa muzita rekutanga. Sezvakaita Forth, parizvino hapana basa rinopihwa kune avo vanoziva Cobol. Paingova nechinzvimbo chimwe chete paLinkedIn yevagadziri veCobol.

Rexx

Yakagadzirwa neIBM uye kusvika pamusoro pekuzivikanwa kwayo kumashure muma90s, Rexx nhasi inoshanduka kuve imwe yemitauro isingawanzo pane yangu runyorwa.
186 vagadziri vakanyora ruzivo rweRexx pane yavo Headhunter inotangazve, uye 114 pa LinkedIn. Nekudaro, ini handina kukwanisa kuwana vacancies kune anoziva Rexx pane chero ma portal.

Tcl

Kune kudiwa kwemutauro, asi ini handidi kuisa mutauro sekudiwa. Pane 33 vacancies pa Headhunter uye gumi nerimwe pa LinkedIn. Muhoro unopihwa kune vakomana vane ruzivo rwe "Tikl" hauna kunyanya kukwirira: kubva ku11 zviuru zveRubles kusvika kune zviuru 65. Vagadziri ve150 paHedhunter uye 379 paLinkedin vakaratidza kuti vanoziva mutauro. Mugadziri mumwe chete ndiye akanyora muridzi weTcl mumusoro wekutangazve kwake.

Izvi ndizvo zvinoita chiyero chenhamba yevacancies kune nhamba yezvekutanga iyo ine Tcl hunyanzvi inoita senge:

Clarion

Ini handisati ndaona chero mabasa anoshanda anoda ruzivo rweClarion. Zvisinei, pane chirevo. 162 vanhu vakaratidza paLinkedIn kuti vanoziva mutauro uyu, uye paHeadhunter - 502 nyanzvi, avo vatatu vakasanganisira hunyanzvi mumusoro wekutangazve. Zvinoshamisa Hiring akawana 158 nyanzvi dzinoziva neimwe nzira mutauro weClarion.

Ceylon

Yakagadzirwa neRed Hat muna 2011. Kubva paJava. Nokudaro zita remutauro: chitsuwa cheJava chinozivikanwa semutengesi wekofi, uye chitsuwa cheSri Lanka, chaimbozivikanwa seCeylon, ndicho mutengesi wepasi rose weti.

Mutauro wacho hauwanikwi zvechokwadi. Iko hakuna vacancies uye hapana kana ekutangazve. Isu takakwanisa kuwana chaiyo yekutangazve paHeadhunter. Iyo Inoshamisa Hiring sevhisi inopa chete makumi matatu nenomwe nyanzvi muRussia yese.

Statistics:

Kana iwe ukaenzanisa mitauro yese isingawanzo nenhamba yezvekutanga, unowana nhamba dzinonakidza: paLinkedIn, nyanzvi dzakawanda dzakaratidza ruzivo rweTcl, uye paHedhunter, Clarion yaive mutauro unonyanya kufarirwa pane iyo rondedzero. Mutauro usinganyanyozivikanwa pakati pevagadziri waive Cobol.


Kuongorora kwangu kudiki kwakaratidza kuti Ceylon yakave iyo isingawanzo mutauro zvechokwadi; hapana kudiwa kana kupa mumusika weRussia IT. Mitauro isingawanzo kusanganisira Forth, Cobol, Clarion, Rexx. Perl naScala vakave mitauro yakakurumbira uye yakakurumbira. Vanogona kubviswa zvakachengeteka kubva pakurongwa kwemitauro isingawanzo hurongwa.

Source: www.habr.com