Chando chiri kuuya. Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) zvishoma nezvishoma ari kutsiviwa nemakomputa akaiswa ega. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti simba remakomputa rinobvumira imwe mudziyo kuti ubatanidze kushanda kweanorongeka controller, sevha, uye (kana mudziyo une HDMI kubuda) zvakare otomatiki opareta workstation. Yakazara: Webhu sevha, OPC chikamu, dhatabhesi uye nzvimbo yekushandira mune imwe kesi, uye zvese izvi pamubhadharo weimwe PLC.
Muchikamu chino tichafunga nezve mukana wekushandisa makombiyuta akaiswa muindasitiri. Ngatitorei mudziyo wakavakirwa paRaspberry Pi sehwaro, nhanho nhanho tsanangura maitiro ekuisa yakavhurika yemahara Open Source SCADA system yeRussia dhizaini pairi - Rapid SCADA, uye zvakare kugadzira purojekiti yeabstract compressor station, mabasa e izvo zvinosanganisira kure kudzora kwe compressor uye mavharuvhu matatu, pamwe nekuona kweiyo compressed mweya kugadzirwa maitiro.
Ngatibvei tiite chengetedzo yekuti dambudziko rinogona kugadziriswa nenzira mbiri. Chaizvoizvo, ivo havana kusiyana kubva kune mumwe neimwe nzira, iyo chete mubvunzo ndiyo inoyevedza uye inoshanda chikamu. Saka, tinoda:
1.1 Sarudzo yekutanga inoreva kuvapo kweRaspberry Pi 2/3/4 pachayo, pamwe nekuvapo kwe-USB-to-RS485 converter (iyo inonzi "muridzo", inogona kurairwa kubva kuAlliexpress).
Mufananidzo 1 - Raspberry Pi 2 uye USB kuRS485 inoshandura
1.2 Yechipiri sarudzo inosanganisira chero yakagadzirira-yakagadziriswa mhinduro yakavakirwa paRaspberry, yakakurudzirwa kumisikidzwa munzvimbo dzemaindasitiri ane akavakirwa-mukati maRS485 ports. Semuenzaniso, senge muMufananidzo 2, zvichibva paRaspberry CM3 + module.
Mufananidzo 2 - AndexGate mudziyo
2. Mudziyo une Modbus kune akati wandei kudzora marejista;
3. Windows PC kugadzirisa chirongwa.
Matanho ebudiriro:
Chikamu I. Kuisa Rapid SCADA paRaspberry
1. Zadza mukati pane iyo Rapid Scada webhusaiti kuti uwane kugovera uye kurodha yazvino vhezheni yeLinux.
2. Unzip mafaira akatorwa uye kopi "scada" folda kune dhairekitori / opt zvishandiso.
3. Isa zvinyorwa zvitatu kubva mu "daemons" folda mudhairekitori /etc/init.d
4. Isu tinopa mukana wakazara kune matatu maforodha ekushandisa:
sudo chmod -R ugo+rwx /opt/scada/ScadaWeb/config
sudo chmod -R ugo+rwx /opt/scada/ScadaWeb/log
sudo chmod -R ugo+rwx /opt/scada/ScadaWeb/storage⠀ 5. Kuita kuti zvinyorwa zviitike:
sudo chmod +x /opt/scada/make_executable.sh
sudo /opt/scada/make_executable.sh⠀ 6. Wedzera repository:
sudo apt install apt-transport-https dirmngr gnupg ca-certificates
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv-keys 3FA7E0328081BFF6A14DA29AA6A19B38D3D831EF
echo "deb https://download.mono-project.com/repo/debian stable-stretch main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mono-official-stable.list
sudo apt update⠀ 7. Isa Mono .NET Framework:
sudo apt-get install mono-complete⠀8. Isa Apache HTTP server:
sudo apt-get install apache2⠀ 9. Isa mamwe mamodule:
sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-mono mono-apache-server4⠀10. Gadzira chinongedzo kune Webhu application:
sudo ln -s /opt/scada/ScadaWeb /var/www/html/scada⠀11. Kopa faira kubva kudhawunirodha archive mu "apache" folda scada.conf kudhairekitori / etc / apache2 / saiti-anowanikwa
sudo a2ensite scada.conf⠀12. Ngatiburukei nenzira iyi sudo nano /etc/apache2/apache2.conf uye wedzera zvinotevera kumagumo efaira:
<Directory /var/www/html/scada/>
<FilesMatch ".(xml|log|bak)$">
Require all denied
</FilesMatch>
</Directory>⠀13. Gadzira script:
sudo /opt/scada/svc_install.sh⠀14. Reboot Raspberry:
sudo reboot⠀15. Kuvhura webhusaiti:
http://IP-адрес устройства/scada⠀16. Muhwindo rinovhurwa, isa zita rako rekupinda "Admin" uye password "12345".
Chikamu II. Kuisa Rapid SCADA paWindows
Kuiswa kweRapid SCADA paWindows kunozodikanwa kugadzirisa Raspberry uye gadziriro yeprojekiti. Mune dzidziso, iwe unogona kuita izvi pane raspberry pachayo, asi tsigiro yehunyanzvi yakatiyambira kuti tishandise nharaunda yekusimudzira paWindows, nekuti inoshanda zvakanyanya pano kupfuura paLinux.
Saka ngatitangei:
- Isu tinovandudza Microsoft .NET Framework kune yazvino vhezheni;
- Kudhanilodha Rapid SCADA yeWindows uye isa pasina Indaneti;
- Tanga iyo "Administrator" application. Mariri tichagadzira purojekiti pachayo.
Paunenge uchigadzira, unofanirwa kuterera kune mamwe mapoinzi:
1. Kuverengwa kwemarejista muchirongwa cheSCADA ichi kunotangira pakero 1, saka taifanira kuwedzera nhamba yemarejista edu nerimwe chete. Kwatiri ndeye: 512 + 1 zvichingodaro:
Mufananidzo 3 - Kuverengera kwemarejista muRapid SCADA (mufananidzo unodzvanywa)
2. Kuti ugadzirise zvakare madhairekitori uye kuendesa nemazvo chirongwa paLinux sisitimu yekushandisa, muzvirongwa zvaunoda kuenda ku "Server" -> "General Settings" uye baya bhatani re "For Linux":
Mufananidzo 4 - Kugadzirisazve madhairekitori muRapid SCADA (mufananidzo unodzvanya)
3. Tsanangura nzvimbo yekuvhota yeModbus RTU nenzira imwechete sezvainotsanangurwa muLinux system yemuchina. Muchiitiko chedu ndizvo /dev/ttyUSB0
Mufananidzo 5 - Kugadzirisazve madhairekitori muRapid SCADA (mufananidzo unodzvanya)
Kana iwe uine chero mibvunzo, yese yekuwedzera yekuisa mirairo inogona kuwanikwa kubva kana pavari .
Chikamu III. Kuvandudzwa kweprojekiti uye kurodha kune mudziyo
Iko kusimudzira uye kuona kweprojekiti inogadzirwa zvakananga mubrowser pachayo. Izvi hazvisi zvechinyakare mushure medesktop SCADA masisitimu, asi zvakajairika.
Neparutivi, ini ndinoda kucherechedza zvishoma seti yekuona zvinhu (Mufananidzo 6). Izvo zvakavakwa-mukati zvikamu zvinosanganisira LED, bhatani, toggle switch, chinongedzo uye chinongedzo. Nekudaro, iyo huru yekuwedzera ndeyekuti iyi SCADA sisitimu inotsigira ine simba mifananidzo uye zvinyorwa. Neruzivo rushoma rwemagraphic edhita (Corel, Adobe Photoshop, nezvimwewo), unogona kugadzira ako emakaraibhurari emifananidzo, zvinhu uye maumbirwo, uye tsigiro yeGIF zvinhu zvinokutendera iwe kuwedzera animation kukuona kweiyo tekinoroji maitiro.
Mufananidzo 6 - Scheme edhita maturusi muRapid SCADA
Mukati megadziriro yechinyorwa ichi, pakanga pasina chinangwa chekutsanangura nhanho nhanho maitiro ekugadzira zvine hunyanzvi chirongwa muRapid SCADA. Nokudaro, isu hatisi kuzogara pachinhu ichi zvakadzama. Munzvimbo yekuvandudza, chirongwa chedu chakareruka "Compressed air supply system" yecompressor station inoita seizvi (Mufananidzo 7):
Mufananidzo 7 - Scheme mupepeti muRapid SCADA (mufananidzo unodzvanya)
Tevere, isa purojekiti yedu kune mudziyo. Kuti tiite izvi, tinoratidza IP kero yemudziyo kuendesa purojekiti kwete kune localhost, asi kune yedu yakamisikidzwa komputa:
Mufananidzo 8 - Kuisa purojekiti kune mudziyo muRapid SCADA (mufananidzo unodzvanya)
Somugumisiro, takawana chimwe chinhu chakafanana (Mufananidzo 9). Kurutivi rworuboshwe rwechidzitiro kune ma LED anoratidza mamiriro ekushanda kwehurongwa hwose (compressor), pamwe chete nemamiriro ekushanda kwemavharuvhu (akazaruka kana akavharwa), uye nechepakati pechidzitiro pane kuonekwa. yetekinoroji maitiro nekugona kudzora zvishandiso uchishandisa toggle switch. Kana imwe vharuvhu yakavhurwa, ruvara rwevhavha pachayo uye mugwagwa unoenderana unoshanduka kubva kune grey kuenda kugirinhi.
Mufananidzo 9 - Compressor station project (GIF animation inodzvanya)
unogona kudhawunirodha faira rechirongwa ichi kuti riongororwe.
Mufananidzo 10 unoratidza kuti mhedzisiro yacho inotaridzika sei.
Mufananidzo 10 - SCADA system paRaspberry
zvakawanikwa
Kubuda kwemakomputa ane simba akadzika maindasitiri anoita kuti zvikwanise kuwedzera uye kuzadzisa mashandiro eanorongeka logic controllers. Kuisa akafanana SCADA masisitimu pavari anogona kuvhara mabasa ediki kugadzirwa kana tekinoroji maitiro. Kune mabasa akakura ane nhamba huru yevashandisi kana kuwedzera kuchengetedza zvinodiwa, iwe uchanyanya kuisa akazara-akazara maseva, otomatiki makabati uye akajairwa PLCs. Nekudaro, kune mapoinzi epakati uye madiki otomatiki senge zvivakwa zvidiki zvemaindasitiri, dzimba dzebhailer, zviteshi zvekupomba kana dzimba dzakangwara, mhinduro yakadai inoita seyakakodzera. Zvinoenderana nekuverenga kwedu, michina yakadai inokodzera mabasa anosvika mazana mashanu ekuisa data / mapoinzi ekubuda.
Kana iwe uine ruzivo mukudhirowa mune akasiyana graphic edhita uye usinei nenyaya yekuti iwe uchafanirwa kugadzira zvinhu zvemnemonic diagram iwe pachako, saka sarudzo neRapid SCADA yeRaspberry yakanyanya kunaka. Kushanda kwayo seyakagadzirirwa-yakagadziriswa mhinduro kune imwe shoma, sezvo iri Open Source, asi ichiri kubvumidza iwe kuvhara mabasa ediki indasitiri chivakwa. Naizvozvo, kana iwe ukagadzirira matemplate ekuona iwe pachako, zvino zvinogoneka kushandisa mhinduro iyi kubatanidza, kana zvisiri zvese, ipapo chimwe chikamu chezvirongwa zvako.
Saka, kuti unzwisise kuti mhinduro yakadai paRaspberry ingave yakadii kwauri uye kuti mapurojekiti ako anogona kuchinjwa sei neOpen Source SCADA masisitimu paLinux, mubvunzo unomuka unomuka: ndeapi maSCADA masisitimu aunoshandisa kazhinji?
Vashandisi vakanyoresa chete ndivo vanogona kutora chikamu muongororo. , Munogamuchirwa.
Ndeapi maSCADA masisitimu aunoshandisa kazhinji?
-
35.2%SIMATIC WinCC (TIA Portal)18
-
7.8%Kubata Wonderware4
-
5.8%Trace mode3
-
15.6%CoDeSys8
-
0%Genesi0
-
3.9%PCVue Solutions2
-
3.9%Vijeo Citect2
-
17.6%Master SCADA9
-
3.9%iRidium mobile2
-
3.9%Nyore-Scada2
-
7.8%Rapid SCADA4
-
1.9%AggreGate SCADA1
-
39.2%Imwe sarudzo (mhinduro mukutaura)20
51 vashandisi vakavhota. 33 vashandisi vakaramba.
Source: www.habr.com