Ndakaratidza pfungwa yekusadzivirika kwekuchinja kweiyo network yepasi rose kubva kune saiti-centric chimiro kuenda kune mushandisi-centric imwe kumashure muna 2012 ( kana muchidimbu ) Gore rino ndakaedza kukudziridza dingindira reInternet nyowani mune zvinyorwa . Ikozvino ndiri kutumira chikamu chechipiri chechinyorwa (Ndinokupa zano kuti uongorore peji ino usati waverenga).
Saka chii chinoitika? Pane Internet muwebhu 3.0, asi hapana mawebhusaiti? Zvino chii chiripo?
Pane data yakarongwa kuva yepasi rose semantic graph: zvinhu zvose zvakabatana kune zvose, zvose zvinotevera kubva kune chimwe chinhu, zvose zvakaonekwa, zvakashandurwa, zvakagadzirwa nemumwe munhu. Mapoinzi maviri ekupedzisira nezve βanofaniraβ uye βmumwe munhuβ anotiyeuchidza kuti girafu harifanire kuve rine chinangwa, asi chiitiko-chinoitika. Asi iyi ichava nyaya yakasiyana (ona chekutanga). ) Parizvino, zvakakwana kuti isu tinzwisise kuti semantic girafu yewebhu 3.0 haisi yeruzivo rwakamira, asi ndeyenguva, kurekodha hukama hwezvinhu uye vatambi vechero chiitiko munguva yavo yekutevedzana.
Zvakare, tichitaura nezve data layer, inofanirwa kuwedzerwa kuti girafu yepasirese yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri zvisina kuenzana: muti wemuenzaniso unotsanangura hukama hwezviito, pfungwa uye zvimiro zvavo (inoenderana neseti yematemu axioms TBox muOWL) , uye chinyorwa chegirafu chine zviitiko zvekugadziriswa kweiyo chaiyo kukosha kwezvinhu zvezvinhu uye zviito (seti yezvirevo nezve ABox vanhu muOWL). Uye kushamwaridzana kusinganzwisisike kunosimbiswa pakati pezvikamu zviviri izvi zvegirafu: data pamusoro pevanhu - kureva, zvinhu, zviito, vatambi - inogona kugadzirwa uye kunyorwa mugirafu chete uye chete maererano nemhando dzakakodzera. Zvakanaka, sezvatotaurwa, girafu yepasirese - chekutanga, chikamu chayo chemuenzaniso uye, maererano, chikamu chezvidzidzo - chakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvinoenderana nenzvimbo dzine thematic.
Uye ikozvino kubva ku semantics, kubva kune data, tinogona kuenderera mberi kune hurukuro yechipiri epithet yewebhu 3.0 - "decentralized", ndiko kuti, kune tsanangudzo yetiweki. Uye zviri pachena kuti chimiro chetiweki uye mapuroteni ayo anofanirwa kutaurirwa nemasemantics akafanana. Chokutanga pane zvose, sezvo mushandisi ari jenareta uye mutengi wezvinyorwa, zvinowanzoitika kuti iye, kana kuti chigadziro chake, chinofanira kunge chiri node yetiweki. Saka, dandemutande 3.0 ndeye peer-to-peer network ine nodes ari mashandisi emidziyo.
Kuti uchengetedze, semuenzaniso, tsananguro yemunhu mune data graph, mushandisi anofanira kugadzira network yekutengeserana zvichienderana neiyo iripo pfungwa modhi. Iyo data inochengetwa pamudziyo wemushandisi uye pane node dzevamwe vashandisi vakanyoreswa kune iyi modhi. Nokudaro, kuchinjanisa kutengeserana maererano neyakagadziriswa seti yemamodheru iyo mabasa avo akabatanidzwa anoitwa, vatori vechikamu muchiitiko ichi vanoumba rimwe boka rinozvimiririra. Zvinoitika kuti iyo yese semantic girafu yepasi rose inochengetwa yakagovaniswa mumapoka ezvidzidzo uye inoiswa mukati memapoka. Node imwe neimwe, ichishanda nemamwe mamodheru, inogona kuve chikamu chemapoka akati wandei.
Kana uchitsanangura nhanho yetiweki, zvinodikanwa kutaura mazwi mashoma nezve kubvumirana, ndiko kuti, nezve misimboti yekusimbisa uye kuwiriranisa data pane dzakasiyana node, pasina izvo kushanda kweiyo decentralized network hazvigoneke. Zviripachena, idzi misimboti hadzifanirwe kunge dzakafanana kune ese masumbu uye ese data, nekuti kutengeserana kunetiweki kunogona kuve kwakakosha zviri pamutemo uye sevhisi, marara. Naizvozvo, network inoshandisa akati wandei mazinga ekubvumirana algorithms; sarudzo yeinodiwa inotarwa neiyo transaction modhi.
Izvo zvinosara kutaura mazwi mashoma nezve mushandisi interface, nezve semantic browser. Mabasa ayo haadiki: (1) kufamba negirafu (nemasumbu ematimu), (2) kutsvaga uye kuratidza data zvinoenderana nemadomasi emodheru, (3) kugadzira, kugadzirisa data uye kutumira network kutengeserana zvinoenderana nemhando dzinoenderana, (4) kunyora nekuita maitiro ane simba, uye, hongu, (5) kuchengetedza zvimedu zvegirafu. Iyi tsananguro pfupi yemabasa eiyo semantic browser ndiyo mhinduro kumubvunzo: aripi masaiti? Nzvimbo chete iyo mushandisi "anoshanyira" muwebhu 3.0 network ibhurawuza yake ye semantic, iri chishandiso chezvose kuratidza nekugadzira chero zvirimo, chero data, kusanganisira mhando. Mushandisi pachake anosarudza miganhu uye chimiro chekuratidzwa kwenyika yake yetiweki, kudzika kwekupinda mukati mesemantic graph.
Izvi zvinonzwisisika, asi ari kupi mawebhusaiti? Ndekupi kwaunofanira kuenda, ndeipi kero yaunofanira kunyora mune ino "semantic browser" kuti usvike paFacebook? Nzira yekuwana sei webhusaiti yekambani? Ndekupi kwekutenga T-shirt kana kuona vhidhiyo chiteshi? Ngatiedzei kuzvifunga nemienzaniso chaiyo.
Sei tichida Facebook kana imwe social network? Zviripachena, pakutaurirana: taura chimwe chinhu nezvako uye uverenge uye uone zvinotumirwa nevamwe, chinjana mhinduro. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvakakosha kuti tisanyore kumunhu wese uye tisaverenge zvese - kutaurirana nguva dzose kunogumira kune makumi, mazana, kana kunyange zviuru zvakati wandei shamwari dzechokwadi. Chii chinodiwa kuronga kutaurirana kwakadaro mukati meiyo yakatsanangurwa decentralized network configuration? Ndizvozvo: gadzira boka renharaunda rine seti yemamodheru ekuita (ita positi, tumira meseji, comment, like, nezvimwewo), gadzira kodzero dzekuwana kumamodheru uye kumbira vamwe vashandisi kuti vanyorese kune iyi seti. Pano tine "facebook". Kwete iyo yepasirese Facebook, inoraira mamiriro kumunhu wese uye nezvese, asi inogoneka yemuno social network, iyo iri pakukwana kwevatori vechikamu. Mushandisi anotumira kutengeserana kunetiweki zvinoenderana neimwe yemhando dzenharaunda, toti, chirevo chake, nhengo dzeboka dzakanyoreswa kune iyi modhi dzinogamuchira iwo mameseji ekutaura uye onyora kune yavo yekuchengetera (yakanamatira kune chidimbu cheiyo girafu) uye ratidza mumabrowser avo e semantic. Ndokunge, isu tine decentralized social network (cluster) yekutaurirana pakati peboka revashandisi, vese vane data rakachengetwa pamidziyo yevashandisi pachavo. Iyi data inogona kuoneka kune vashandisi vari kunze kwechikwata? Uyu mubvunzo pamusoro pezvirongwa zvekuwana. Kana zvichitenderwa, zviri mukati menhengo dzenharaunda zvinogona kuverengerwa nemumiririri wesoftware uye zvichiratidzwa mubrowser yechero munhu anotsvaga girafu. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti huwandu uye kuoma kwemhando dzemasumbu hakuna magumo - chero munhu anogona kugadzirisa nharaunda kuti ienderane nezvinodiwa zvechero chiitiko. Zvakanaka, zviri pachena kuti vashandisi vanogona kuve nhengo dzehuwandu hwekupokana hwemasumbu, vese sevatori vechikamu vanoshingaira, uye nekungonyorera kumamodheru ekuverenga-chete.
Zvino ngatipindurei mubvunzo: tingawana sei webhusaiti yekambani? Mhinduro yacho idiki: iyo nzvimbo iyo yakazara data pamusoro pemakambani ese ndiyo inoenderana chikamu cheiyo semantic graph. Browser navigation kana kutsvaga nezita rekambani kuchakubatsira kusvika panzvimbo ino. Zvadaro zvese zvinoenderana nemushandisi - ndeapi mamodheru aanoda kuratidza data: mharidzo pfupi, ruzivo ruzere, runyorwa rwesevhisi, runyorwa rwezvinzvimbo kana meseji fomu. Ndiko kuti, kambani, kuzvimiririra mune semantic girafu, inofanirwa kushandisa seti yemamodhi akajairika ekutumira kutengeserana kunetiweki, uye nekukurumidza data pamusoro payo ichave iripo yekutsvaga uye kuratidzwa. Kana iwe uchida kugadzirisa uye kuwedzera ratidziro yekambani yako yepamhepo, unogona kugadzira ako mamodheru, kusanganisira evagadziri. Iko hakuna zvirambidzo pano, kunze kwechimwe chete: mhando nyowani dzinofanirwa kuvakwa mumuti mumwechete kuti ive nechokwadi chekubatanidza data mune yezvidzidzo girafu.
Mhinduro yacho zvakare idiki kune e-commerce. Chigadzirwa chega chega (nharembozha, T-shati) ine yakasarudzika identifier, uye data yechigadzirwa inopinzwa munetiweki nemugadziri. Sezvingatarisirwa, anoita izvi kamwe chete, kusaina iyo data nekiyi yake yakavanzika. Kambani yakagadzirira kutengesa chigadzirwa ichi inoisa mune semantic girafu akati wandei zvirevo zvakataurwa zvinoenderana neyakajairwa modhi nezve mutengo uye mamiriro ekutumira. Tevere, mushandisi wega wega anozvisarudzira ega dambudziko rekutsvaga: angave ari kutsvaga izvo zvaanoda pakati pezvinhu izvo mutengesi anozivikanwa kwaari anogona kupa, kana kuenzanisa zvigadzirwa zvakafanana kubva kune vakasiyana vanogadzira uye chete ipapo kusarudza mutengesi ari nyore. Ndiko, zvakare, nzvimbo iyo kusarudzwa nekutenga kwezvinhu kunoitika ndeyemushandisi semantic browser, uye kwete imwe webhusaiti yemugadziri kana mutengesi. Kunyangwe, hongu, vese mugadziri uye mutengesi vane mukana wekugadzira yavo yemhando yekuratidzira mhando iyo mutengi anogona kushandisa. Kana achida, kana zvakamunakira. Uye saka, anogona kuita zvese achishandisa zvakajairwa kutsvaga uye data kuratidza modhi.
Zvakakodzera kutaura mazwi mashoma nezve kushambadzira uye nzvimbo yayo mune semantic network. Uye kuiswa kwayo kunoramba kuri kwechinyakare: kungave zvakananga mumukati (taura, mumavhidhiyo), kana mune zvemukati zviratidziro modhi. Chete pakati pevashambadziri nevaridzi vezvemukati kana modhi ndiye murevereri muchimiro chemuridzi wesaiti akabviswa.
Saka, chirongwa chekushanda cheiyo semantic decentralized network, inoratidzwa kubva pamaonero emushandisi, yakanyatsobatana: (1) zvese zvirimo zviri mune imwechete yepasi rose semantic graph, (2) kurekodha, kutsvaga uye kuratidza zvirimo kunotevera mafungiro emhando, ayo anovimbisa. semantic yekubatanidza data, (3) zviitwa zvemushandisi zvinoitwa zvinoenderana neane simba modhi, (4) nzvimbo chete inoitika chiitiko ndeyemushandisi semantic browser.
Source: www.habr.com