Chinyorwa chekupedzisira, chinofinha. Panogona kunge pasina chikonzero chekuiverengera budiriro yakajairika, asi kana izvi zvaitika, zvinokubatsira zvakanyanya.

Zviri mukati mechikamu chechinyorwa

• Chikamu 1: General dhizaini yeCATV network
• Chikamu 2: Kuumbwa uye waveform
• Chikamu 3: Analog chikamu chechiratidzo
• Chikamu 4: Digital chikamu chechiratidzo
• Chikamu 5: Coaxial Distribution Network
• Chikamu 6: RF Amplifiers
• Chikamu 7: Optical Receivers
• Chikamu 8: Optical backbone network
• Chikamu 9: Musoro
• Chikamu 10: Troubleshooting pamusoro tambo TV network

Subscriber ndima

Saka TV yambuya vako yamira kuratidza. Iwe wakamutengera imwe nyowani, asi zvakazoitika kuti dambudziko harisi kune anogamuchira - zvinoreva kuti iwe unofanirwa kutarisisa tambo. Chekutanga, kazhinji kuputira-kutenderedza zvibatanidza, izvo zvisingadi crimping, nenzira inoshamisa vanozvimonyorora kubva patambo, izvo zvinotungamira mukurasikirwa kwekusangana nekurukwa kana kunyange nechepakati core. Kunyangwe iyo yekubatanidza ichangobva kucheneswa, iwe unofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti hapana bvudzi rakarukwa rakabatana kune yepakati conductor. Nenzira, iyo dhayamita yepakati pepakati inowanzoonekwa yakakora kupfuura gomba mune socket yekugamuchira - izvi zvinodikanwa pakubata kwakanaka nekuda kwekuwedzera petals mune yekubatanidza. Nekudaro, kana iwe ukangoerekana watsiva chinongedzo neimwe iyo iyo yepakati core isingabudi "sezvairi", asi inopinda mutsono (sezvinoratidzwa neni mu. 5 parts zvibatanidza zveRG-11), kana kuti iwe wakashandura chikamu chetambo uye iyo itsva ine yakatetepa musimboti, ipapo iwe unogona kusangana nekuti kuneta petals mune socket haizopi kushamwaridzana kwakanaka nepakati core.

Paunenge uchitora zviyero nemudziyo, izvi zvese zvinogona kuoneka zviri nyore kubva pachimiro chemutsetse wechiratidzo chechiratidzo, chandakanyora nezvacho. 2 parts. Nenzira iyi tinogona kukurumidza kutarisa chiyero chechiratidzo (rega ndikuyeuchidze, maererano neGOST haifaniri kunge yakaderera pane 50 dBµV yechiratidzo chedhijitari uye 60 yechiratidzo cheanalogi) uye kuongorora kuderedzwa munzvimbo yakaderera uye yepamusoro-frequency zone, iyo. ichatipa mazano ekutsvagisazve dambudziko.

Rega ndikuyeuchidze: kudzikisira kwemafafitera epasi kunowanzo kubatanidzwa nezvinetso papakati pepakati, uye kushatisa kwakanyanya kweiyo ma frequency ekumusoro kunoratidza kusabatana kwakashata neruko, uye izvi zvinowanzobatanidzwa necrimping (zvakanaka, kana hurombo huzhinji hwemamiriro ekunze. tambo, kusanganisira kureba kwakanyanyisa).

Mushure mekuongorora tambo ine chinongedzo paTV, zvakakodzera kuitevera mufurati rose: sezvo coaxial tambo isiri yemagetsi conductor, asi waveguide, haingotarisirwe kwete chete kuputsika uye kumwe kukuvadzwa kwemuchina, asiwo inokotama. uye kinks. Izvo zvakakoshawo kutsvaga ese masigniders emagetsi uye kuverenga attenuation yavo yakazara: zvinogona kuitika kuti izvi zvisati zvaitika zvese zvakashanda pamuganho uye kuderera kudiki kwetambo kwakatungamira kusashanda. Muchiitiko ichi, kuti urege kudzoreredza tambo yakavanzwa kuseri kweiyo trim, iwe unogona zvakanyanya kugona kusarudza zviyero zvevanoparadzanisa kana kuisa diki amplifier pamusuwo wefurati.

Kana pasina chimwe cheizvi chinocherechedzwa uye zvinhu zvese zvakarongeka netambo kusvika kune yakaderera-ikozvino pane pane masitepisi, saka zvinodikanwa kuyera chiyero chechiratidzo chinopinda mufurati. Kana iyo nhanho uye chimiro chechiratidzo papombi yeanonyoresa divider zvakajairika, saka zvakakodzera kuongorora mutsauko uripo pakati pezvakakosha paTV uye mupaneru yekutonga uye funga nezvekupi uye chii chatakapotsa. Kana tikaona kuti kuderedzwa kuTV kwaive kumwe kukosha, asi panguva imwechete tinoona matambudziko nechiratidzo papombi, saka tinofanira kuenderera mberi.

Riser

Waona dambudziko pane yekunyorera tepi, iwe unofanirwa kuve neshuwa kuti iyo divider pachayo haina mhosva. Izvo zvinoitika kuti imwe yematepi nekukurumidza kana zvishoma nezvishoma inoshatisa zviratidzo zvechiratidzo, kunyanya muzvikamu zvenhamba huru yevanyoresa (kupfuura 4). Kuti uite izvi, iwe unofanirwa kuyera chiyero chechiratidzo pane imwe pombi (zvichida kure nekure sezvinobvira kubva kune dambudziko), pamwe nepaiyo inouya main cable. Pano zvakare, kunzwisiswa kwechimiro uye nhanho iyo chiratidzo chinofanira kunge chiri chichauya mushe. Hwaro hwekudzikisira papombi yekunyoresa inoratidzwa padivi rekumaka (semuenzaniso, 412 - 4 matepi e -12 dB imwe neimwe) inofanira kubviswa pane yakayerwa pamutsetse mukuru. Zvakanakisa, isu tinofanirwa kuwana iyo nhamba yakatorwa kubva kune yekunyorera tap. Kana ikasiyana neanopfuura akati wandei dB, saka zviri nani kutsiva iyo divider.

Kana tikaona kuti chiratidzo chave kutosvika munzira huru ine mutsetse wakasimba kana wakadzika mwero, saka isu tichafanirwa kujairana nemagadzirirwo emushonga, kana, tichishandisa pfungwa, fungidzira zvinhu zviviri: inokwira yakavakwa pamusoro kana pazasi uye kuti kure zvakadii kubva kubazi riri pedyo isu tiri. Yekutanga inogona kunzwisiswa nekwainobva tambo yakabatana kune yekupinza yedivider uye kwainoenda kubva kune yakabuda. Kazhinji hazvina kuoma kutsvaga tambo huru zvakananga mupaneru, asi kana dzisingaoneki, saka unogona kuenda pasi kumusoro (kana pazasi) uye uone kukosha kweiyo divider iripo. Kubva chikamu chechishanu Ungangorangarira kuti sangano rinofanira kudzikira sezvaunoenda mberi kubva pakutanga. Ikoko ndakanyorawo pamusoro pekuparadzanisa riser muzvikamu (tinowanzozviti "pilaster", handina chokwadi kana izvi zvinowanzogamuchirwa). Kazhinji, pilaster imwe inotambanudzira pamusoro pe 5-6 pasi uye pakutanga kwayo pane divisi rine zviyero zve 20-24 dB, uye pakupedzisira - 8-10. Paunenge uine chokwadi chekuti dambudziko riri kunze kwepasi, iwe unofanirwa kuwana kutanga kwepilaster uye kutora zviyero kubva kune chikuru divider kubva kwainotanga. Pano matambudziko achiri akafanana: ese ari divider pachayo uye yakakuvadzwa tambo uye yakashata-yemhando crimping inogona kuve nemhedzisiro. Zvinotoitika kuti mushure mekufambisa zvibatanidza, chiratidzo chinodzorerwa (asi kazhinji chinonyangarika zvachose). Muchiitiko ichi, iwe unofanirwa kudzorerazve zvese, uye zvingangove zvakanaka kana vanoisa, vakapa izvi, vakasiya tambo. Mushure mezvose, pakugadzirisa zvakare kunofanira kupfupiswa. Pane iyo RG-11 tambo, dambudziko rekukanganisa crimping rakajairika: uku kungave kutadza kutevedzera chiyero chekubvisa, umo iyo yepakati musimboti inosiiwa yakarebesa (nekuda kweizvozvo, chinobatanidza hachina kugara zvakasimba uye iyo tambo inogona kusvetuka kubva mairi), kana chinhu chimwe chete, asi nekuda kwechikamu chakakura kwazvo A (ona mufananidzo pazasi).

Zvakakodzera kutaura zvakasiyana kuti kunyange kupfekenura kwakakodzera hakuzodziviriri kubva kune zvikanganiso kana crimper isingagadzi zvachose chibatanidza uye iyo yepakati core haina kukwana mu "tsono" yekubatanidza. Panguva imwecheteyo, tsono ine kufamba kana iwe uchizunungusa nemunwe wako. Kana tsinga yapinda zvakanaka, hazvibviri kuifambisa. Izvi zvinofanirwa kutariswa kune imwe neimwe yekubatanidza isina kuvharwa.

Vanopatsanura ivo pachavo mudzimba dzine makore anopfuura gumi vanogona kuwana izvo zvinozivikanwa pakati pevateresi vemhando se "zinc denda."

Mufananidzo kubva panzvimbo a-time.ru

Divider dzimba dzakagadzirwa neasingazivikanwe alloys uye dziri munzvimbo dzakaipa dzemamiriro ekunze dzinogona kudonha mumaoko ako kana iwe uchiedza kusunungura chinongedzo, kana kunyangwe tambo dzichifamba munhovo. Uye kazhinji izvi zvinoitika kana vanoisa vari kushanda mune control panel, vachipa mumwe munhu neInternet, kana mamwe maintercom anoshanda.

Kana iyo inopatsanura kubva panotanga pilaster isati yatsemuka nepakati, uye chiyero chechiratidzo pairi chakashata senge mufurati, saka zvakakodzera kuwana muparadzi panoitika branching yekutanga uye kuyera chiratidzo chinouya kwatiri. kubva kumidziyo inoshanda kubva pasi (kana attic - sezvayakavakwa). Kana wapfuura riser nenzira iyi uye usati wagadzirisa dambudziko, iwe uchafanirwa kuenda kunotsvaga inoshanda uye utore zviyero pairi.

Active midziyo

Chokutanga pane zvose, zvakakosha kuziva kuti pakati peanogamuchira optical uye amplifiers kunewo network yekugovera, yakavakwa maererano nemitemo yakafanana seyakasimuka, uye naizvozvo ine mhando yematambudziko. Naizvozvo, zvese zvakanyorwa pamusoro zvinofanirwa kutariswa pano zvakare, uye chete ipapo kupomerwa pamusoro pekushanda kwehardware.

Saka, isu tiri mukamuri yepasi (yedenga, main switchboard), pamberi pebhokisi rine amplifiers

Zvinoitika…

Kana pasina chiratidzo mune inosimuka zvachose uye paine fungidziro yekuti amplifier yakafa, saka nzira iri nyore yekuziva kuti ndeipi ndeye tembiricha yayo kusvika pakubata. Kunyangwe muchando chakanyanya mumakamuri asina kupisa, amplifier inoshanda ichadziya kupfuura nharaunda, uye yakatsva-amplifier inonhuhwirira inotonhora. Kana mutsauko wekushisa usingaonekwe zvakakwana, ipapo kuvhura kunoratidza kuti chiratidzo chesimba mukati meamplifier haina kuvhenekera. Amplifier yakadaro inotsiviwa neimwe inozivikanwa kuti inoshanda, uye yozogadziriswa uchishandisa yakajairwa solder station, nekuti kunenge kukundikana kwese kunobatanidzwa ne banal kuzvimba capacitors. Paunenge uchitsiva kure kure powered amplifiers, iyo network yese inofanirwa kudzikiswa kuti isaite mapfupi maseketi. Kunyangwe magetsi aripo asina kunyanya kukwira (60 V), iripo ndiyo magetsi mamwe chete andakakuratidza mauri chikamu chechitanhatu inogona kupa huwandu hwakati wandei: kana nzvimbo yepakati pekugara inobata muviri, hombe yemoto inoratidzwa inovimbiswa. Uye kana maamplifiers akadaro asingagare achibudirira kubuda kwemagetsi mumba, saka neiyi yakakosha mhedzisiro pane isiri-zero mukana wekudzima akati wandei mamwe maturusi, ayo anozofanirwa kutsvagwa mumba mese.

Asi zvinoitikawo kuti amplifier mhenyu, asi panguva imwe chete iyo inotumira ruzha rwakawanda kune network, kana kungoita isingazungunuke kusvika padanho rechiratidzo rinodiwa nedhizaini (kazhinji 110 dBµV). Pano iwe unofanirwa kutanga waona kuti chiratidzo hachisviki chakakuvadzwa nekuyera chiratidzo chinouya. Mamwe ematambudziko asingarapike emaamplifiers anosanganisira anotevera:

• Wana kuderedza. Nekuda kwekushatiswa kwechikamu kana yese yeamplifier nhanho, isu tine yakafanana chiratidzo nhanho pane inobuda sepakupinza (kana kupfuura, asi isina kukwana kune yakajairika kushanda).
• Signal ruzha. Kushanda kweamplifier kunokanganisa chiratidzo zvekuti iyo Carrier/Noise (C/N) parameter yakayerwa pakubuda iri kunze kwemaitiro uye inokanganisa kuzivikanwa kwechiratidzo nevanogamuchira.
• Kupararira kwechikamu chedhijitari chechiratidzo. Izvo zvinoitika kuti amplifier inopfuura analog chiratidzo zvinogutsa, asi panguva imwe chete haigone kurarama ne "digital" chiratidzo zvachose. Kazhinji, iyo MER uye BER paramita inotsanangurwa mukati 4 parts enda mhiri kwemiganhu inotenderwa uye boka renyeredzi rinoshanduka kuita nyonganyonga, asi chimwe chinhu chinosetsa chinoitika apo, semuenzaniso, iyo amplifier inokanganwa nezveimwe yemodulation paramita uye panzvimbo yeboka renyeredzi inodhirowa mhete kana denderedzwa pachiratidziro chemudziyo.

Kana izvi zvisingabatsiri zvikaitika, amplifier inofanira kuchinjwa, asi kune matambudziko anogona kubviswa nekugadzirisa. Kazhinji, chiratidzo pakubuda kweamplifier chinoyangarara pasi uye chinokwana kudzikisa kukosha kweiyo attenuator yekupinza. Uye dzimwe nguva, pane zvinopesana, iyo amplifier inotanga kuita ruzha nekuda kwekuwedzera kwemazinga pakupinza, zvino tinoitsikirira pasi neattenuator. Kugadziriswa kwese kunofanirwa kuitwa pane imwe dambudziko amplifier, nekuti kana isu, semuenzaniso, tikadzikisa chiratidzo chinobuda kubva kune optical receiver, zvino izvi zvinokanganisa zvimwe, kushanda, amplifiers uye ivo vese vanozofanirwa kugadziridzwa nemaoko kune yakashandurwa paramita. Zvakare, nekuda kwekuwedzera-amplification, chiratidzo chedhijitari chinogona kudonha (neruzha rushoma pane analogue). Ndakatsanangura marongero eamplifier zvakadzama mukati chikamu chechitanhatu.

Iwe unogona kuedza kugadzirisa tilt nezvirongwa. Kazhinji, kana uchiraira network ichangobva kuvakwa, kutsetseka kukuru kwekutanga hakudiwi kuve nechokwadi ma paramita akanaka pamagumo eiyo main. Asi nekufamba kwenguva, nekuda kwekuparara kwetambo, zvingave zvakakosha kuwedzera mutsetse, uyo, sezvatinorangarira, unowedzera nekuda kwekuderera kwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwakaderera, huchada kubhadharwa neattenuator.

Optical vanogamuchira kazhinji vanofawo nekuda kwekupihwa kwemagetsi. Kana iine mwero wechiratidzo wakakwana pane yekuisa (zvandakanyora mukati chikamu 7), saka kazhinji hapana matambudziko nekubuda. Dzimwe nguva chinhu chimwe chete chinoitika - kuwedzera ruzha uye kusakwana kwekubuda mwero, asi nekuda kwekuoma kwezvirongwa, izvi kazhinji hazvigone kurapwa. Iyo diagnostics yakafanana - tinotarisa kuti inodziya here kana kuti kwete, tobva tayera chiratidzo kubva pane zvakabuda.

Kusiyana, ini ndichataura nezve bvunzo yekubatanidza: haufanirwe kugara uchivimba navo. Ichokwadi ndechokuti kunyange kana zvinhu zvose zvakarongeka, chiratidzo chakaderedzwa ne 20-30 dB chingave chisina matambudziko akafanana ne "chaiwo" kubuda. Asi zvinowanzoitika kuti matambudziko ari munzira anoitika mushure mekuyedza tepi, uye ipapo zvese zvinoita senge zvakanaka - asi chokwadi zvinotyisa. Naizvozvo, kuti uve nechokwadi chakazara, nguva dzose zvakakodzera kutarisa chaizvo kubuda kwakatarisana nemugwagwa mukuru.

Optical musana

Iwe unogona kutaura zvakawanda nezve matambudziko uye kutsvaga kwavo mune optics, uye zvakanaka kuti izvi zvakatoitwa pamberi pangu: Welding ye optical fibers. Chikamu 4: optical kuyerwa, kurekodha uye ongororo yeReflexograms. Ndichangotaura muchidimbu kuti kana tikaona kudonha kwechiratidzo pane inogamuchira yekuona uye haina hukama nechinhu chakadai:

Tine cormorants muSt. Petersburg - unozviziva iwe pachako. Uye ivo vachawana optics pasi pevhu.

ipapo kuchenesa kana kutsiva tambo yechigamba yekupedzisira kunogona kubatsira. Dzimwe nguva zvinoitika kuti photodetector kana optical amplifier inoderedza, pano, chokwadi, mushonga hauna simba. Asi kazhinji, pasina kukuvadza kwekunze pesvedzero, iwo optics akavimbika zvakanyanya uye matambudziko nawo, sekutonga, anouya pasi kune tarakita inofura patsangadzi padyo.

Head station

Kuwedzera kune matambudziko ari pachena ane simba rekupa uye yekubatanidza ine masosi pamusoro peIP network, chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha mukuita kweiyo musoro ndiyo mamiriro ekunze. Mhepo ine simba inogona kubvarura kana kutenderedza antenna zviri nyore, uye chando chakanyorova chakanamatira kune satellite dish inowedzera zvakanyanya kunaka kwekugamuchira. Izvo zvakaoma kutarisana neizvi, nokuti antennas anowanikwa akakwirira sezvinobvira, apo mamiriro okunze akaoma uye kunyange anti-icing kupisa kwemidziyo haibatsiri nguva dzose, saka dzimwe nguva unotofanira kuzvichenesa nemaoko.

PS Izvi zvinopedzisa rwendo rwangu rupfupi munyika yetambo terevhizheni. Ndinovimba kuti zvinyorwa izvi zvakabatsira kuwedzera horizons yako uye kuwana chimwe chinhu chitsva mune yaunoziva. Kune avo vanofanirwa kushanda neizvi, ndinokurudzira kudzika bhuku "Cable Television Networks", munyori S.V. Volkov, ISBN 5-93517-190-2. Inotsanangura zvese zvaunoda mumutauro unowanikwa zvakanyanya.

Source: www.habr.com