Π takabata pamusoro pematambudziko edzidzo senzira yezvidzidzo pakudzidzisa, uye takataurawo zvishoma nezve tsika yakaipa yekudzidzisa. unyanzvi kune kukanganisa kwekugamuchira ruzivo. Ino ndiyo nguva yekukurukura aya mapoka maviri akakosha zvakadzama uye kunzwisisa kuti musiyano uripo pakati pawo ndeupi.
Saka zvose tsanangudzo: unyanzvi ΠΈ ruzivo, pamwe neshoko risinganyanyi kushandiswa mitemo, nenzira iyo inoshandiswa nenyanzvi mumunda wevashandi nevashandi, yakagadzirwa anenge makore makumi mana apfuura. mubasa, rinonzi: βUnyanzvi, Mitemo uye Zivo; Zviratidzo, Zviratidzo neZviratidzo, uye Zvimwe Misiyano muMienzaniso Yekuita Kwevanhu." Kubva ipapo, hurongwa hwaakagadzira hwakakura zvakanyanya, asi isu tichavimba nechinyorwa chekutanga, chinogona kuwanikwa . Gwaro rinowanikwa nemubhadharo kana kuburikidza nekunyorera kwekambani / yedzidzo, zvisinei, muverengi murombo asi ane ruzivo anogara achiwana mukana wekudhawunirodha chinyorwa ichi mahara.
Zvinonakidza, asi nekuda kwekuti nepo izwi rekuti mitemo rinowanzodonha risingaonekwe, uye hunyanzvi neruzivo zvichiramba zvichigara pamwe chete, mumwe anowanzo kuwana fungidziro isiriyo yekuti maviri ekupedzisira akafanana. Zvichakadaro, muRasmussen's taxonomy vese vanopihwa tsanangudzo dzakajeka, uye iva nechokwadi, havafanirwe kuvhiringika neimwe nzira.
Chaizvoizvo, kana uchidzidza maitiro emunhu, Rasmussen anogovera hunyanzvi kune yakaderera uye kwete yakanyanya kunaka nhanho. Iine hunhu hunoshamisa hwakadai seyo otomatiki yekunzwa-motor chiitiko mukushaikwa kwekutonga kwekuziva, iri padyo zvakanyanya neyakaomeswa conditioned reflexes:
Iyo hunyanzvi-yakavakirwa maitiro inomiririra kunzwa-motor kuita panguva yezviito kana zviitiko izvo, zvichitevera chirevo chechinangwa, chinoitika pasina kudzora kudzora seyakatsetseka, otomatiki, uye yakanyatsobatanidzwa maitiro ehunhu.
Rasmussen anoisa mwero wemitemo pamusoro pehunyanzvi, kunyangwe achichengetedza kuti mutsetse pakati pavo unogona kunge wakatetepa, kunyanya kana hunyanzvi hwabatanidzwa mumaketani. Kuda kwavo kunomuka kana hunyanzvi humwe husina kukwana mune imwe mamiriro uye kuti uwane mugumisiro unofanirwa kuunganidza hunyanzvi hwakawanda, kuita zviito zvinoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu, i.e. kutevedzera mitemo yakagadziridzwa yakazvimirira kana kugamuchirwa kubva kune mumwe munhu:
Pachinhanho chinotevera chemaitiro akavakirwa pakutonga, kuumbwa kweiyo nhevedzano yezvidiki-diki mumamiriro ebasa akajairwa anowanzo kudzorwa nemutemo wakachengetwa kana maitiro angave akatorwa empirically panguva dzakapfuura, akaziviswa kubva kune vamwe vanhu kuziva-maitiro. semurayiridzo kana resipi yebhuku rekubika, kana kuti inogona kugadzirirwa panguva iyoyo nekugadzirisa dambudziko nekuronga.
Iwe unogona kuwedzera zvakachengetedzeka marudzi ese ehunyanzvi hwekuita zvakanaka, mapepa machena uye mamwe maitirwo kune iyi runyorwa, uye zvakare kuwedzera mitemo yakadzikwa nekambani manejimendi, kusanganisira iwo maitiro akaunzwa neanotungamira timu yemuno.
Iri piramidhi rakashongedzwa nekorona yeruzivo runowanikwa panguva iyo iyo yakajairika mufananidzo wenyika inoputsika - hapana hunyanzvi kana kutevera mirairo inobatsira, asi chinodiwa chekutsvagisa nekudzidza nezvedambudziko risingazivikanwe munzvimbo isina kujairika:
Munguva yemamiriro ezvinhu asina kujairika, akatarisana nemhoteredzo iyo isina ruzivo kana mitemo yekutonga inowanikwa kubva pane zvakambosangana, kutonga kwekuita kunofanirwa kuenda kune imwe yepamusoro pfungwa, umo kushanda kunotungamirirwa nechinangwa uye ruzivo. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, chinangwa chinogadzirwa zvakajeka, zvichibva pakuongorora kwezvakatipoteredza uye zvinangwa zvose zvemunhu. Zvino chirongwa chinobatsira chinogadzirwa-nekusarudza-kuti zvirongwa zvakasiyana zvinotariswa, uye mhedzisiro yavo inoedzwa zvichipesana nechinangwa, panyama nekuyedza uye kukanganisa, kana nekufunga nenzira yekunzwisisa mashandiro enzvimbo uye kufanotaura kwemhedzisiro yemamiriro ekunze. chirongwa chakafungwa. Pane iyi nhanho yekufunga kunoshanda, chimiro chemukati chehurongwa chinomiririrwa zvakajeka ne "pfungwa modhi" ...
Iri padanho rino kuti zvinhu zvese zvinonakidza zvinoitika - mazano ebhizinesi, dzidziso dzesainzi uye hunyanzvi hunokura, uye mitemo uye nzira dzakagadzirirwa mazinga akaderera, akadai, semuenzaniso, iyo Agile manifesto iri kugadzirwa.
Chekupedzisira, unofanirwa kunwa piritsi rakashata nhamba yekutanga. Vamwe maneja emakambani, kunyanya mamaneja ekupinda-chikamu uye dzimwe nyanzvi dzeIT dzakasimbiswa, vanotenda zvisirizvo kuti vari padanho reruzivo, nekuti vekutanga vanoita kunge vanoita sarudzo, uye vekupedzisira vanoita kunge vakapasa bvunzo uye vakagashira mazinga anoenderana einjiniya. . Zvisinei, pakunyatsoongorora, zvinoratidzika kuti pane zvakanakisisa iyi ndiyo muganhu wepamusoro wemitemo yemitemo: vatungamiri vanoshanda nemitemo yakafanana nemitemo, kazhinji vanozviwana vasingakwanisi kushandura nzira iri nyore yekambani. Panguva imwecheteyo, mainjiniya mazhinji anga achiita zviito zvemusoro zvekumisikidza nekugadzirisa, kuisa nekubvisa michina kwemakore, uye vanofunga kunyora mirairo yevanotanga kuve iyo yepamusoro yehunyanzvi hwavo.
Pano iwe unofanirwa kutora piritsi rakashata nhamba yechipiri. Nyika yemazuva ano yakavakirwa pahwaro hwenguva yeindasitiri, iyo yaitongwa nemafungiro kune vanhu sechinhu chehunyanzvi chine hunhu hunozivikanwa hwekuvimbika nekubudirira. Hazvishamisi kuti iyo pfungwa yefekitori yekusangana mutsara yakaendeswa kune ese marudzi emaindasitiri kubva kumushonga kuenda kune ruzivo tekinoroji. Izvo zvine musoro zvakare kuti mune iyi paradigm, vashandi vanofanirwa kukudziridza hunyanzvi kuitira kuti vashandi vakwanise kuchengetedza nhanho yakapihwa uye kufambirana ne "conveyor belt" yebhizinesi. Avo vanoshanda pamutsetse wegungano, uye kunyange avo vanoutungamirira, havadi ruzivo rwakanyanya; ivo vanoda hunyanzvi uye kunyatsoteera kumirairo.
Uye iyo yekupedzisira inovava potion nhamba yechitatu imhedzisiro yakananga yepiritsi nhamba yechipiri. Icho chokwadi ndechekuti munharaunda yemashure-maindasitiri kune tsika yekurobhoti uye otomatiki yekugadzira uye chikamu chebasa. Mukuona kweizvi, basa rechinyakare, rakanyatsogadziriswa uye rinonzwisisika pahunyanzvi uye nhanho dzemitemo ndizvo zvinoshamisa zvinangwa zvekuvandudza: cloud technologies, robhoti couriers, autopilots, etc., etc., etc. "kutyisidzira" kwete chete mutyairi wemetro kana mutengesi wechitoro. , asi zvakaenzana, yakasimbiswa IT injiniya. Saizvozvo, vashandi vazhinji vachafanira kuwana hunyanzvi hutsva uye kudzingirira zvitupa zvitsva, kana kuita zvese kuedza uye kuyedza kusvetukira mumunda wezivo.
Hupenzi kupikisa ruzivo kune unyanzvi, nokuti sezvinongoita zvisingabviri kuvaka chivako chakavimbika pasina nheyo, saka pasina unyanzvi hazvibviri kuwana nekushandisa ruzivo. Kutsanangura zita remagazini yakakurumbira, tinogona kutaura kuti unyanzvi isimba, uye ruzivo ndiko kukura. Zvisinei, zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti kuburikidza nekudzidzira unyanzvi chete, tinozvipira kushanda pabhandi rekutakura rekusingaperi uye nzira chete yekubuda mudenderedzwa rakashata uye kufambira mberi ndeyekuwana ruzivo.
Source: www.habr.com