Kubviswa uye kushandiswa kwesimba rezuva ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvakawanikwa nevanhu maererano nesimba. Kuoma kukuru ikozvino hakusi kunyange mukuunganidza simba rezuva, asi mukuchengetedza kwayo uye kugovera. Kana nyaya iyi ikagadziriswa, maindasitiri emafuta emafuta echinyakare anogona kuregwa.
SolarReserve ikambani inokurudzira kushandisa munyu wakanyunguduka mumagetsi ezuva uye iri kushanda pane imwe nzira yekugadzirisa matambudziko ekuchengetedza. Panzvimbo pekushandisa simba rezuva kugadzira magetsi uye wobva waichengeta mumapanera ezuva, SolarReserve inokurudzira kuiendesa kune inodziya yekuchengetedza michina (shongwe). Iyo shongwe yesimba ichagamuchira nekuchengetedza simba. Kugona kwemunyu wakanyunguduka kuramba uri munyoro kunoita kuti ive nzvimbo yakanaka yekuchengetera kupisa..
Chinangwa chekambani ndechekuratidza kuti tekinoroji yayo inogona kuita kuti simba rezuva rive sosi inokwanisika inoshanda siku nesikati (senge chero fossil mafuta emagetsi). Chiedza chezuva chakanyura chinopisa munyu uri mushongwe kusvika pa566°C, inochengetwa mugiant insulated tank kusvikira yashandiswa kugadzira chiutsi kumhanyisa turbine.
Zvisinei, zvinhu zvokutanga pakutanga.
Musha
Mukuru weSolarReserve, William Gould, apedza makore anopfuura makumi maviri achigadzira tekinoroji yakanyungudutswa yemunyu CSP (yakanyanya kusimba rezuva). Mumakore ekuma20, aive maneja wepurojekiti yeUS Dhipatimendi reMagetsi-inotsigirwa neSolar Two nzvimbo yekuratidzira muMojave Desert. Makumi gumi apfuura, chimiro chakaedzwa ipapo, icho chakasimbisa kuverenga kwekufungidzira nezve mukana wekutengesa simba rekugadzira uchishandisa heliostats. Dambudziko raGould raive rekugadzira dhizaini yakafanana iyo yaishandisa munyu wakapisa panzvimbo yeutsi, uye kuwana humbowo hwekuti simba rinogona kuchengetedzwa.
Pakusarudza mudziyo wekuchengetera munyu wakanyungudutswa, Gould akanyunguduka pakati pezviviri zvingasarudzwa: mugadziri wemabhaira ane ruzivo muzvigadzirwa zvemagetsi echinyakare, uye Rocketdyne, iyo yakagadzira roketi injini dzeNASA. Sarudzo yakaitwa mukufarira rocket masayendisiti. Zvimwe nekuti Gould akange atanga basa rake seinjiniya yenyukireya yehofori yekuvaka Bechtel, achishanda paCalifornia's San Onofre reactor. Uye akatenda kuti aisazowana tekinoroji yakavimbika.
Iyo muromo wejeti injini, kubva kune inopisa magasi anobuda, inonyatso ine mabhomba maviri (mukati nekunze), mumatanho akagayiwa ayo anopombwa zvikamu zvemafuta muchikamu chemvura, kutonhora kwesimbi uye kuchengetedza muromo kuti usanyunguduke. Chiitiko chaRocketdyne mukugadzira michina yakafanana uye kushanda musimbi inodziya zvakanyanya yakauya zvakanaka pakugadzira tekinoroji yekushandisa munyu wakanyunguduka muchirimwa chesimba rezuva.
Iyo 10 MW Solar Two purojekiti yakashanda zvinobudirira kwemakore akati wandei uye yakabviswa muna 1999, zvichisimbisa kugona kwezano. Sekubvuma kunoita William Gould pachake, chirongwa chacho chaiva nezvimwe zvinetso zvaida kugadziriswa. Asi iyo yakakosha tekinoroji inoshandiswa muSolar Two inoshandawo muzviteshi zvemazuva ano seCrescent Dunes. Musanganiswa we nitrate munyu uye tembiricha yekushanda zvakafanana, mutsauko chete uri pachiyero chechiteshi.
Chakanakira tekinoroji yemunyu yakanyungudutswa ndechekuti inobvumira simba kuti riunzwe pachidiwa, kwete chete kana zuva richipenya. Munyu unogona kuchengetedza kupisa kwemwedzi yakawanda, saka nguva nenguva zuva rine makore harikanganisi kuwanikwa kwemagetsi. Pamusoro pezvo, kuburitsa kwesimba remagetsi kushoma, uye chokwadi hapana tsvina ine ngozi inogadzirwa sechigadzirwa chemaitiro.
Misimboti yebasa
Solar power plant inoshandisa 10 magirazi (heliostats) akapararira pamusoro pe347 hectares (ndihwo saizi ye647,5-pamwe nhandare dzenhabvu) kuisa chiedza chezuva pashongwe yepakati, 900 metres kureba uye izere nemunyu. Munyu uyu unopiswa nemwaranzi yezuva kusvika pa195°C uye kupisa kunochengetwa kwozoshandiswa kushandura mvura kuita chiutsi uye kushandisa majenareta kugadzira magetsi.
Magirazi anonzi heliostats nekuti imwe neimwe inokwanisa kurereka nekutenderera kuti inyatso kunangisa mwenje wayo wechiedza. Dzakarongwa mudenderedzwa dzakananga, dzinonangidzira chiedza chezuva pane “chinogamuchira” chiri pamusoro peshongwe yepakati. Iyo shongwe pachayo haipenye; iyo inogamuchira ndeye matte dema. Mhedzisiro yekupenya inoitika chaizvo nekuda kwekusangana kwechiedza chezuva kupisa mudziyo. Munyu unopisa unoyerera uchipinda mutangi resimbi isina simbi ine simba re 16 zviuru m³.
Heliostat
Munyu, uyo unotaridzika uye unoyerera zvakanyanya semvura pane tembiricha idzi, unopfuura nemuchinjisa yekupisa kuti ubudise chiutsi kuti chishandise yakajairwa turbogenerator. Tangi rine munyu wakanyunguduka wakakwana kuti ushandise jenareta kwemaawa gumi. Izvi zvinokwana 10 megawatt-maawa ekuchengetedza, kana kanenge ka1100 kupfuura iyo huru lithium-ion bhatiri masisitimu akaiswa kuchengetedza simba rinogoneka.
Nzira yakaoma
Kunyangwe chivimbiso chepfungwa, SolarReserve haigone kunzi yakawana budiriro. Nenzira dzakawanda, kambani yakaramba iri yekutanga. Kunyangwe iyo yekutanga ine simba uye yakajeka mune yese pfungwa. Mushure mezvose, chinhu chekutanga chaunoona paunotarisa kuCrescent Dunes Power Plant yakareruka. Zvakajeka zvekuti hazvibviri kuzvitarisa. Kunobva mwenje ishongwe yemamita 195, inodada ichikwira pamusoro penzvimbo dzerenje dzeNevada dzinenge hafu pakati peguta diki reReno neLas Vegas.
Kuti gwenya remagetsi rakaita sei pamatanho akasiyana ekuvaka
2012, kutanga kwekuvaka
2014, chirongwa ichi chave pedyo nekupera
Zvita 2014, Crescent Dunes yave kutogadzirira kushandiswa
Yakagadzirira chiteshi
Inenge awa imwe yekutyaira kubva pano ndiyo yakakurumbira Nzvimbo 51, nzvimbo yakavanzika yemauto iyo Internet yese yakatyisidzira kuti ichaita dutu muzhizha rino kuitira "kuponesa" vatorwa kubva mumaoko ehurumende yeAmerica. Kuva pedyo uku kunotungamira kukuti vafambi vanoona kupenya kwakajeka kunoshamisa dzimwe nguva vanobvunza vagari veko kana vakaona chimwe chinhu chisina kujairika kana chitorwa. Uye zvino vanotsamwiswa nemoyo wose kudzidza kuti ichi chingori gwenya remagetsi rezuva, rakakomberedzwa nemunda wemagirazi anenge 3 km pahupamhi.
Kuvakwa kweCrescent Dunes kwakatanga muna 2011 nezvikwereti kubva kuhurumende uye kudyara kubva kuNV Energy, Nevada's main utility company. Uye gwenya remagetsi rakavakwa muna 2015, anenge makore maviri gare gare pane zvakarongwa. Asi kunyange pashure pokuvakwa, hazvisi zvose zvakafamba zvakanaka. Semuenzaniso, mumakore maviri ekutanga, mapombi uye transformers ye heliostats, iyo yakanga isina simba rakakwana, kazhinji yakaputsika uye haina kushanda zvakanaka. Naizvozvo, kubuda kwemagetsi kuCrescent Dunes kwaive kwakaderera pane kwakarongwa mumakore ekutanga ekushanda.
Pakanga pane rimwe dambudziko - neshiri. Kuwira pasi pe "kuona" kwechiedza chezuva chakanyanya, shiri ine rombo . Sekureva kwevamiriri veSolarReserve, simiti yavo yemagetsi yakakwanisa kudzivirira "kupisa" kweshiri nguva dzose uye kuwanda. Hurongwa hunokosha hwakagadzirwa pamwe chete nemasangano akawanda enyika kuti kuderedze chero zvingangoitika kune gwenya remagetsi. Chirongwa ichi chakabvumidzwa muna 2011 uye chakagadzirirwa kuderedza njodzi dzinogona kuitika kushiri nezviremwaremwa.
Asi dambudziko hombe reCrescent Dunes raive rekudonha mutangi rinopisa rekuchengetedza munyu rakawanikwa mukupera kwa2016. Iyo tekinoroji inoshandisa mhete huru inotsigirwa nemapyloni pazasi petangi kugovera munyu wakanyunguduka paunoyerera uchibva mumudziyo. Mapyloni pachawo aifanira kusungirirwa pasi, uye mhete yaida kuti ikwanise kufamba sezvo shanduko yekushisa ichikonzera kuti zvinhu zviwedzere / chibvumirano. Pane kudaro, nekuda kwekukanganisa kwakaitwa nemainjiniya, chinhu chose chakasungwa zvakasimba pamwechete. Nekuda kweizvozvo, nekushanduka kwetembiricha, pasi petangi yakanyungudika nekudonha.
Kubuda kwemunyu wakanyunguduka pachayo hakuna kunyanya kutyisa. Kana yakarova matombo pasi petangi, iyo yakanyunguduka yakabva yatonhora, ichishanduka kuita munyu. Zvisinei, kudzima kwegwenya remagetsi kwakatora mwedzi misere. Zvinokonzera kuvuza, avo vane mhosva yechiitiko ichi, mhedzisiro yekukurumidzira uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakadzidzwa.
Matambudziko eSolarReserve haana kupera ipapo. Kushanda kwechirimwa kwakawira pasi pechinangwa muna 2018, neavhareji yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwe20,3% kana ichienzaniswa neyakarongwa yehuwandu hwe51,9%, C. Nekuda kweizvozvo, iyo US National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) yakatanga 12-mwedzi mutengo kudzidza. iyo CSP yeprojekiti, yakatarisana nenyaya dzekuita uye mitengo isingatarisirwe. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kambani yakatanga kumhan'arirwa nekumanikidzwa kuchinja manejimendi, uye muna 2019 vakamanikidzwa zvachose kubvuma .
Hazvisati zvapera
Asi kunyange izvi hazvina kugumisa kuvandudzwa kwemichina. Mushure mezvose, kune mamwe mapurojekiti akafanana mune dzimwe nyika. Semuenzaniso, matekinoroji akafanana anoshandiswa muMohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Solar Park - network yakakura kwazvo pasi rose yemagetsi ezuva, yakabatana munzvimbo imwe muDubai. Kana, toti, Morocco. Kune mamwe mazuva anopisa kupfuura muU.SA, uye naizvozvo kushanda kwesimba remagetsi kunofanira kunge kwakakwirira. Uye mhedzisiro yekutanga inoratidza kuti izvi ndizvo zvazviri.
Iyo 150 MW CSP Noor III shongwe muMorocco yakapfuura mashandiro uye kuchengetedza kugona mumwedzi yayo mishoma yekutanga kushanda. Uye mutengo wekubhadhara mapurojekiti ekuchengetedza simba reshongwe unoenderana nezvinotarisirwa, anovimbisa Xavier Lara, chipangamazano mukuru kuCSP Engineering Group Empresarios Agrupados (EA).
Noor III Power Plant
Yakatumirwa muna Zvita gore rapfuura, iyo Noor III magetsi chirimwa chakaratidza kuita kunoshamisa. Noor III, yakaiswa neSpain's SENER neChina's energy kuvaka corporation SEPCO, ndiyo yakakura pasi rose inoshanda shongwe chirimwa uye yechipiri kubatanidza yakanyungudutswa yekuchengetedza munyu tekinoroji.
Nyanzvi dzinotenda kuti Noor III's robust yekutanga data data pakuita, kuchinjika kwechizvarwa uye kuchengetedza kusanganisa kunofanirwa kudzikisa CSP shongwe uye kuchengetedza kuvimbika nyaya uye kudzikisa mutengo wemari yemapurojekiti emangwana. KuChina, hurumende yakatozivisa chirongwa chekugadzira 6000 MW yeCSP ine chengetedzo. SolarReserve iri kubatana nekambani yehurumende yeShenhua Group, iyo inovaka mafemu emagetsi anopfurwa nemarasha, kugadzira 1000 MW yeCSP yakanyungudutswa kugadzira munyu. Asi shongwe dzakadaro dzicharamba dzichivakwa here? Mubvunzo.
Nekudaro, rimwe zuva rimwe chete, kambani yeHeliogen, yaBill Gates, yakazivisa budiriro yayo mukushandiswa kwesimba rakawanda rezuva. Heliogen yakakwanisa kuwedzera tembiricha kubva pa565°C kusvika pa1000°C. Nekudaro, kuvhura mukana wekushandisa simba rezuva mukugadzira simende, simbi, uye petrochemical zvigadzirwa.
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Nyorera kune yedu -chiteshi, kuti usapotsa chinyorwa chinotevera! Isu tinonyora kwete kanopfuura kaviri pavhiki uye chete pabhizinesi. Tinokuyeuchidzawo kuti unogona Cloud mhinduro Cloud4Y.
Vashandisi vakanyoresa chete ndivo vanogona kutora chikamu muongororo. , Munogamuchirwa.
Liquid salt power plant ndiyo
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Kufa tekinoroji
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Nzira inovimbisa
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Pakutanga zvisina maturo
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Yako vhezheni (mune mhinduro)
97 vashandisi vakavhota. 36 vashandisi vakaramba.
Source: www.habr.com