Rangarira katsi inoyemurika yakatsvedza muscreensaver yeSoviet cartoon? Tinorangarira, uye takazviwana - pamwe chete neboka remamwe ngano dzakadhonzwa nemaoko. Semwana, aityisa uye aivhiringidza nekuti aiunza nyaya dzakakomba, dzevakuru. Yave nguva yekudzokorora makatuni ekare kuti uone kuti rudzii remangwana ravairota munyika iyoyo.
1977: "Polygon"
Animator Anatoly Petrov aive neruoko mumakatuni mazhinji eSoviet ane mukurumbira, kubva "The Town Musicians of Bremen" kusvika "Boniface's Vacation." Basa rake rakazvimirira rainyanya kunakidza: akadhirowa echokwadi matatu-dimensional girafu. Muenzaniso wakakurumbira wemaitiro aPetrov aive katuni pfupi "Polygon" yakavakirwa panhau yekurwisa hondo nemunyori wesainzi Sever Gansovsky.
Chirongwa chacho chiri nyore: mugadziri asina kudomwa zita akauya netangi risingagoneke rinoverenga pfungwa dzemuvengi. Miyedzo yemumunda yechombo chakakwana inoitika pachitsuwa chinopisa - sezviri pachena, ichi chirevo cheBikini neEnewetak atolls. Dare remauto rinosanganisira mukuru wemauto, pasi pekuraira kwake mwanakomana wegamba akafa. Iyo tangi inoparadza mauto, uye ipapo musiki wayo anotsiva.
Kugadzira mhedzisiro yevhoriyamu, mavara akadhirowewa pazvikamu zviviri zve celluloid, uye imwe yakapfurwa kunze kwekutarisa. Munguva dzakaoma, mufananidzo usina kujeka unova wakajeka. Iyo kamera inofamba nguva dzese, ichitonhora kwenguva pfupi. Iko hakuna ropa mufuremu uye mimhanzi chete ndiyo yakakurumbira rwiyo "Tanha Shodam" naAhmad Zaheer. Zvese izvi pamwe chete zvinoburitsa manzwiro ekufunganya, kutya uye kuora mwoyo - manzwiro epanguva apo Doomsday Clock yairatidza maminetsi mapfumbamwe kusvika pakati pehusiku. Nenzira, muna 9 tsono yakaendeswa ku2018:23 - zvinoreva here kuti kufanotaura kwakaitika?
1978: "Contact"
Muna 1968, animator wekuCanada George Dunning akatungamira yakakurumbira Yellow Submarine. Iyo cartoon yakauya kuSoviet Union chete muma80s pamakaseti epirated. Nekudaro, kumashure muna 1978, mutungamiriri uye muimbi Vladimir Tarasov akadhirowa yake yakajeka mumhanzi phantasmagoria. Ipfupi, asi unogona kuona John Lennon mune hunhu hukuru. Uku ndiko kunaka kwemuiti Nikolai Koshkin, uyo "akatora" mumhanzi wekuMadokero katuni.
Soviet "Lennon" muimbi akaenda plein air. Muchisikigo, anosangana nemutorwa, uyewo mhizha yake. Chisikwa chisina chimiro chinoshanduka kuita zvinhu zvachinoona. Pakutanga murume wacho anotya, asi anozodzidzisa muenzi wacho kuridza muridzo rwiyo rwe“Speak Softly Love” kubva kuna “The Godfather.” Kusiyana nehama dzake dziri kure dzeKuparadza, mutorwa anoshamwaridzana nemunhu uye anotasva bhiza achienda naye pakunyura kwezuva.
Hupenyu hack: dzima rwiyo rwekutanga rwe "Contact" uye ubatidze Lucy mudenga nemadhaimani. Iwe unozoona kuti iyo cartoon footage inoenderana nemimhanzi inenge yakakwana.
1980: "Kudzoka"
"Dzoka" ndeimwe katuni yeTarasov. Anotsanangura zviitiko zviri zvechivanhu nezviyero zvesainzi ngano: iyo Valdai T-614 space ship ship yakabatwa mune meteorite shower uye yakakuvadzwa, nekuda kwekuti inogona kungomhara paNyika nemaoko. Mutyairi wendege anokurudzirwa kurara zvakakwana asati aburuka. Anobatwa nehope huru uye anoedza kumumutsa anokundikana. Zvisinei, apo nzira yechikepe inopfuura nepamusoro pemusha wake mumusha, muzivi wemuchadenga neimwe nzira anozviona, anomuka ndokudzika ngarava.
Hazvina kujeka kana kusaziva kwegamba kwakatyisidzira njodzi. Mimhanzi (Gustav Mahler's 5th Symphony) inoratidza zvakajeka kuti mamiriro acho ezvinhu anotyisa. Vanyori vakarayirwa ne cosmonaut Alexei Leonov, saka iyo firimu inonyatso ratidza rutivi rwehunyanzvi rwendege. Panguva imwecheteyo, chokwadi uye hupenyu hwezuva nezuva hunoputswa neinongedzo ye "Alien," iyo yakaburitswa gore rapfuura. Mukati merori yemuchadenga yakafanana nengarava yaGiger, uye mutyairi pachake ane kakufanana nemunhu. Iyo katuni ipfupi haina kutyisa kupfuura yekare facehugger chiitiko.
1981: "Space Aliens"
Vanyori vezvinyorwa zvesainzi vane mukurumbira vehama dzeStrugatsky vakanyora zvinyorwa zvakawanda zvekatuni, asi censorship yeSoviet yakauraya vese. Zvose kunze kweimwe, iyo Arkady Strugatsky akanyora pamwe chete neshamwari yake, munyori uye muturikiri Marian Tkachev. Ichi chaive chinyorwa chechikamu chekutanga cheSpace Aliens.
Iyo zano iri kuvimbisa: ngarava yevatorwa inodzika paPasi, vatorwa vanotumira dema robotic probes. Boka revasaenzi riri kuyedza kufunga kuti vaenzi vemuchadenga vanoda chii. Zvino zvinozoitika kuti vanoda kugovera tekinoroji. Wati wati "Kusvika" here?
Yakadhirowa nenzira yeavant-garde-constructivist, katuni iyi inotora nguva inopfuura maminetsi gumi nemashanu. Zvinoita kunge zvakareba nekuti kumhanya kwezviitiko pachiratidziri hakuna kuenzana uye kunonoka. Kudzikama kwakadzikama uko vatambi vanotaura mazwi akareba zvakanyanya kunyanya kusimbisa hunhu hwe "Aliens."
"Kuedza" mifananidzo yehuzivi yaive imwe yemhando dzaifarirwa nevatambi veSoviet. Zvisinei, "Vatorwa" vanoyambuka muganhu pakati pe "izvi zvakadzika" uye "izvi zvinofinha." Zvinoita sokuti Strugatsky pachake akaziva izvi, saka chikamu chechipiri chakatorwa pasina iye. Mariri, vatorwa vanoedza kusimba kwetsika dzevanhu. Vanhu vanotsungirira bvunzo, uye zvese zvinoita sezvinopera zvakanaka. Uye zvakanaka kuti zvinopera.
1984: “Kuchava nemvura zvishoma”
Muna 1950, munyori wekuAmerica Ray Bradbury akanyora imwe yeanonyanya kuzivikanwa post-apocalyptic nyaya munhoroondo yerudzi urwu. “Pachava Nemvura Nyoro” inotaura kuti robhoti “smart home” rinoramba richishanda sei mushure mekuputika kwebhomba reatomu. Makore makumi matatu nemana gare gare, Uzbekfilm yakagadzira katuni kapfupi, ine manzwiro zvichienderana nenyaya.
Chinyorwa cheBradbury chinopihwa nerusununguko rushoma rwekugadzira. Somuenzaniso, munyaya imwe nguva yapfuura mushure menjodzi - mazuva kana mwedzi. Mune katuni, robhoti, risinganzwisise zvakaitika, rinozunza madota evaridzi vakapiswa nezuro kubva pamibhedha yavo. Ipapo shiri inobhururuka ichipinda mumba, robhoti rinodzingirira uye netsaona rinoparadza imba.
Iyi firimu yakagadziridzwa yakahwina mibairo pamitambo mitatu yepasirese uye imwe yese-Mubatanidzwa. Director uye screenwriter katuni aiva mutambi uye mutungamiriri Nazim Tulyakhodzhaev kubva Tashkent. Nenzira, basa rake nezvinhu zveBradbury hazvina kuguma ipapo: makore matatu gare gare akaita firimu inobva munyaya "The Veldt". Pamagadzirirwo maviri emafirimu, vateereri vanoyeuka "Pachava Nemvura Nyore," nokuti kutyisa kwehondo yepasi rose kwakaoma kukanganisa kana kubvisa chero chinhu.
1985: "Kondirakiti"
Vanyanyisi veSoviet vaifarira kuita firimu mabasa evanyori vengano dzesainzi dzekune dzimwe nyika. Somugumisiro, mapurojekiti akajeka akaonekwa, zvibereko zvechokwadi zverudo. Zvakadai sekatuni "Contract" yakavakirwa panhau yezita rimwechete naRobert Silverberg. Iyo yakajeka, avant-garde maitiro, anodiwa kwazvo nemutungamiriri Tarasov, anoyeuchidza pop art. Mumhanzi wekuperekedza - zvinyorwa kubva muurongwa hwejazz Handikwanise Kukupa Chero Chinhu kunze kweRudo, Mucheche rakaitwa naElla Fitzgerald.
Zvose zvepakutanga nekatuni zvinotanga nenzira imwechete: mukoloni anorwa nemamonya papasi risingagarwi. Mumwe mutengesi anofamba nemarobhoti anouya kuzomubatsira, uyo, zvakazoitika, akaburitsa zvikara izvi kuti amanikidze vanhu kutenga zvinhu zvake. Iyo colonist inobata kambani yakamutuma kupasi uye anoona kuti, maererano nemirairo yekontrakiti, haakwanise kutengesa nerobhoti. Mukuwedzera, nokuda kwekutumira zvinhu zvezuva nezuva sereza, achaveurwa katatu, sezvo vachisungirwa kumupa chete zvinodikanwa zvoupenyu.
Zvadaro chirongwa chepakutanga uye kugadzirisa kwefirimu kunosiyana. Munyaya, robhoti inotyisidzira kupfura colonist. Murongi anobuda mumamiriro ezvinhu nekuchenjera achikumbira mari kubva kukambani kuti aponese hupenyu hwake, uye mushure mekuramba, anotyora chibvumirano uye anozivisa kuti nyika ndeyake nekodzero yekupayona. Kunyange kubvumwa kusinganzwisisike kwemaitiro echicapitalist kwakanga kwakashoreka kuMubatanidzwa. Naizvozvo, mune katuni, makambani emukoloni uye robhoti anotanga hondo. Robhoti rinozvipira kuita kuti munhu adziyirwe panguva yekunaya kwechando asingatarisiri. Pasinei nemashoko akajeka emafungiro, katuni inosiya maonero anofadza.
1985–1995: Fantadrome
Iwo evana animated akateedzana Fantadroms inoita kunge yakadhirowewa neveWestern animators. Muchokwadi, zvikamu zvitatu zvekutanga zvakaburitswa neTelefilm-Riga, uyezve gumi zvakaburitswa neLatvia studio Dauka.
Hunhu hukuru hweFantadrome irobhoti katsi Indrix XIII, anogona kuchinja chimiro. Ndiye anohotsira pakutanga nekupera kwechikamu chimwe nechimwe. Pamwe chete neshamwari dzake, katsi yemuchadenga inoponesa vatorwa uye vanhu kubva mumamiriro ezvinhu asingafadzi akadai semoto, kusanzwisisana, kana kushaikwa kwemunyu kamwe kamwe mukudya kwemangwanani. Zvirongwa zve "Fantadrome" zvinoratidzwa pasina mazwi, chete nemifananidzo, mimhanzi uye ruzha, sezvakaita muDisney's "Fantasia".
Zvikamu zvitatu zvekutanga zve "Soviet" zvinotaridzika zvakakomba: zvinotarisa pane zvikepe uye metropolis inogara Indrix. Zvikamu gumi zvitsva zvakanangana nevana, saka kutarisa kwacho kwaenda kune inonzi slapsstick comedy. Kana ma studio aive nezvimwe zviwanikwa nemikana, hazvina kuoma kufungidzira kuti Fantadroms inogona kuva rudzi rwe cosmic "Tom naJerry." Nehurombo, kugona kweiyo nhevedzano kwakaramba kusati kwaitika.
1986: "Hondo"
Imwe firimu yakagadziridzwa yeWestern fiction, panguva ino nyaya yaStephen King. Mumwe aimbova murwi akachinjwa kuti ave murwi anouraya mutungamiriri wefekitari yematoyi. Apedza kuodha, anogamuchira pasuru ine mauto ematoyi anogadzirwa mufekitari yeakabatwa. Varwi neimwe nzira vanomuka vorwisa mhondi. Hondo inopera mukukunda kwematoyi, sezvo seti ine miniature thermonuclear charge.
Iyo katuni yakagadzirwa uchishandisa iyo yakazara animation nzira. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mavara anofamba uye mamashure anoshanduka kuratidza kufamba kwekamera. Iyi nzira inodhura uye inopedza nguva haiwanzo shandiswa mumifananidzo inodhonzwa nemaoko, asi yakakodzera. Mhuka yose yakapa "Hondo" simba rinoshamisa. Iyo katuni pfupi inotaridzika isiri yakaipisisa kupfuura Die Hard, iyo yakaburitswa makore maviri gare gare.
Muoni anoteerera anozoona muminiti yekutanga yekatuni chirevo chechiitiko chekutyaira kuburikidza neTokyo traffic denderedzwa muTarkovsky's Solaris. Iyo futuristic landscape ine isingaperi maze yemigwagwa inosimbisa kuti zvese zviri kuitika mune iri pedyo, dystopian ramangwana.
1988: “Pasura”
Kana uchitaura nezve fantastic Soviet animation, munhu haagone kutadza kutaura nezve chitendero "Pass". Iyo katuni yakavakirwa pachitsauko chekutanga chenyaya nemunyori wenganonyorwa Kir Bulychev "The Village", uye munyori iye pachake akanyora script.
"Musha" inotaura nyaya yemagumo erwendo rwemuchadenga iyo ngarava yakamhara nechimbichimbi papasi risingazivikanwe. Vanhu vakanga vachiri vapenyu vaifanira kutiza ngarava kuti vatize mwaranzi weinjini yakanga yaparara. Vanhu vakavamba musha, vakadzidza kuvhima neuta nemiseve, vakarera vana, uye nguva nenguva vakaedza kudzoka nomupasi kuchikepe. Mune katuni, boka revechiri kuyaruka vatatu uye munhu mukuru anoenda kuchikepe. Mukuru anofa, uye vana, vakajairana zviri nani nenyika ine ngozi, vanosvika kwavanoenda.
Iyo Pass inomira kunze kunyange kubva kune mamwe avant-garde sci-fi katuni yenguva iyoyo. Mifananidzo yefirimu iyi yakatorwa nenyanzvi yemasvomhu Anatoly Fomenko, anozivikanwa nekukakavadzana kwedzidziso dzenhoroondo. Kuratidza nyika yevatorwa inotyisa, akashandisa mifananidzo yake kuna The Master naMargarita. Mimhanzi yakanyorwa naAlexander Gradsky, kusanganisira rwiyo runobva munhetembo nemudetembi Sasha Cherny.
Mutungamiriri we "Pass" aiva Vladimir Tarasov, uyo atove ataurwa kakawanda mubhuku rino. Tarasov akaverenga "Musha" mumagazini "Knowledge is Power" uye akazadzwa nemubvunzo wezvinomiririra nzanga yevanhu. Mhedzisiro yacho yaive cartoon inotyisa uye inonakidza ine magumo akazaruka.
1989: “Panogona Kuve Nematingwe Pano”
Nguva refu James Cameron asati agadzira Avatar, Ray Bradbury akanyora nyaya pfupi pachinhu chimwe chete. Ngarava yemunhu inosvika papasi risingagarwe kuzochera zvicherwa. Nyika yakanaka yevatorwa ine njere uye inogamuchira nemutsa vanhu vepanyika. Kana mumiriri wekambani inotsigira rwendo akaedza kutanga kuchera, pasi rinotumira dindi kwaari. Rwendo urwu runobhururuka, kuchisiya mudiki mudiki wemuchadenga.
VeSoviet animators vakakwanisa kuendesa nyaya yehuzivi hwaBradbury kuchiratidziro pasina mutsauko. Mune katuni, mutungamiri akaipa werwendo rwunokwanisa kumisa bhomba asati afa. Vepasi vanozvipira kuti vaponese nyika: vanoisa bhomba mungarava vobhururuka voenda. Kutsoropodza kwehudzvinyiriri hwehupfumi hwaivepo muzvinyorwa zvekutanga, saka kumonyoroka kunoshamisa kunowedzerwa kuwedzera chiito kuchirongwa. Kusiyana ne "Chibvumirano," hapana zvirevo zvinopesana zvakaonekwa mune ino katuni.
1991-1992: "Vampires of Geons"
Soviet animation haina kufa pakarepo nekuparara kweUnion. Muma90s, akati wandei akajeka "Soviet" efiction cartoons akaburitswa.
Muna 1991 na1992, mutungamiriri Gennady Tishchenko akapa katuni "Vampires of Geons" uye "Masters of Geons". Akanyora script pachake, zvichienderana nenyaya yake pachake. Chirongwa chacho ndeichi: muongorori weCosmo-Ecological Commission (KEC) Yanin anoenda kupasi Geona. Ikoko, ma pterodactyls emunharaunda ("vampires") anoruma ma colonist uye anodzivirira kushushikana kweiyo interstellar kubva pakugadzira mineral deposits. Zvinoitika kuti pasi rinogarwa; zvisikwa zvakangwara zvemuno zvinogara pasi pemvura musymbiosis nemavampires nezvimwe zvipenyu. Kunetseka kuri kusiya pasi nekuti mabasa ayo anokuvadza zvakatipoteredza.
Chinhu chinonyanya kushamisa chemakatuni: vanhu vaviri vekuAmerica, kubva kuna Arnold Schwarzenegger naSylvester Stallone. Hofori yakadhonzwa neruoko "Arnie" yakada kufanana neiyo hypertrophied comic book superheroes ye90s. Pedyo naye, ndebvu yeRussia Yanin inoita semwana. Kurwisana nemusana weHollywood isingatarisirwi "cranberry", iyo huru yefilosofi mharidzo yefirimu inenge yakarasika.
Iwo makatuni aifanirwa kuve ese akateedzana anonzi "Star World". Pakupera kwechikamu chechipiri, Yanin anotaura nechivimbo kuti vanhu vachadzokera kuGeona, asi mashoko ake akanga asina kurongerwa kuzadzika.
1994–1995: AMBA
Makore mashoma mushure me "Geon", Tishchenko akaedza kechipiri kuenderera mberi nesaga. Zvikamu zviviri zvekatuni yeAMBA zvinotaurira kuti musayendisiti akagadzira nzira yekukura maguta kubva kubiomass. Mumwe musha wakadaro, "AMBA" (Automorphic Bio-Architectural Ensemble), wakakurira mugwenga reMartian, uye mumwe wakasimwa pane imwe nyika iri kure. Kukurukurirana nepurojekiti kwakavhiringidzwa, uye inspector Yanin, aitoziva kare, akatumirwa ikoko nomumwe waaishanda naye asina kutaurwa zita.
Maonero emufirimu akawedzera zvakanyanya "Western". Nekudaro, zvirimo zvakaramba zvakatendeka kune yakapfuura kosi yakasimba yeSoviet sainzi fiction. Tishchenko anofarira munyori wesainzi ngano Ivan Efremov. Mune maviri mapfupi katuni, mutungamiriri akaedza kubatanidza pfungwa yekuti mune ramangwana tekinoroji budiriro ichasvika kumagumo (saka zita racho).
Paive nezvinetso zvakakomba nekuratidzwa; iyi inyaya yakajairika kana zviri kuitika zvichitaurwa kwete kuratidzwa. Kune hondo dzakakwana uye heroism pahwindo, asi kufamba kwezviitiko "kwakaputika": kutanga, ma heroes anorwiswa nematende evatorwa, zvino vanoteerera nemoyo murefu nyaya yekuti matende aya akabva kupi.
Zvichida muchikamu chechitatu che "Star World" zvingave zvichibvira kubvisa kukanganisa kwekare. Zvinosuruvarisa, tsika yeSoviet yakanyangarika zvachose mumireniyamu itsva, saka ikozvino mifananidzo yose iyi inhoroondo.
Ko katuni yako yaunofarira yesci-fi haina kupinda musarudzo here? Tiudze nezvazvo mumashoko.
Source: www.habr.com