Chinyorwa Ndakavimbisa rimwe Chishanu kuti nditaure nezve mupepeti-mukuru we "Funny Pictures" akapotsa apiswa nezvipembenene - mupfungwa chaiyo yeshoko.
Nhasi iChishanu, asi chekutanga ndinoda kutaura mazwi mashoma nezve "Funny Pictures" ivo pachavo - iyi yakasarudzika nyaya yekugadzira midhiya yakabudirira.
Magazini ine zuva rekuzvarwa rakajeka - Gunyana 24, 1956. Pazuva rino, chinyorwa chekutanga chemagazini "Funny Pictures", yekutanga yeSoviet magazini yevana vechikoro, yakabudiswa.
Baba vanofara (uye vakakura) vaiva chirevo chebato nehurumende "Pamusoro pekuvandudzwa kwemabhuku evana nemagazini evana," yakabudiswa pakutanga kwa1956. Mwedzi mishomanana mushure mekuonekwa kwayo, nhamba yemagazini evana munyika yakawedzera kaviri - munaSeptember, kambani yakawedzera "Young Technician", "Young Naturalist" uye "Veselye Kartinki" kukambani "Murzilka", "Pioneer" uye " Kostr”, iyo yakaburitsa nyaya dzavo dzekutanga. Izvi ndizvo zvakaita debut.
Kutaura kuti danho rakabudirira hapana chauri kutaura. Kutenderera kwe "Funny Pictures" pakugona kwayo kwakasvika 9 miriyoni 700 zviuru makopi. Panguva imwecheteyo, haina kungobudirira chete - yaive purojekiti yenhau ine pundutso. Pasinei nemutengo wepeni we15 kopecks, yakaunza purofiti yakakura kune muvambi wayo - Central Committee yeKomsomol. Vashandi vemagazini iyi vaifarira kuzvirumbidza kuti "Mapikicha Anonakidza" ega akawana mari yakawanda kupfuura ese emagazini eMolodaya Gvardiya imba yekutsikisa.
Ndezvipi zvikonzero zvekubudirira?
Kutanga, chiyero chidiki chepurojekiti. Mukutendiswa kwangu kwakadzama, zvese zvinobudirira zvinogadzirwa uko pasina bhajeti rakakura, uko pasina zvirongwa zvekugovera menduru, uko pasina munhu kubva kune zviremera anodana, anoisa kumanikidza kana kudhonza.
"Mapikicha Anonakidza" akagadzirwa sediki niche purojekiti kubva ipapo pasina aitarisira chero chinhu chakakosha. Chiratidzo chakanakisa chemaitiro emukuru yaive hofisi yemupepeti-mukuru. Ivan Semenov akauya kuVK kubva kuKrokodil, uko mupepeti-mukuru-mukuru aive nehofisi huru yenomenklatura ine "turntables". Mu "Mifananidzo" aiva nekadhiropu duku, iyo yaakagovera chikamu chekupindura kwechinyorwa, saka haana kunyange kutora muhofisi yake, asi akaenda kuimba yakajairika, uko kwaiva nematafura anokosha evanyori.
Chechipiri, rusununguko rwekugadzira. "Funny Pictures" ndiyo chete yakadhindwa muUSSR isina kubudiswa. Mamagazini ese akaburitswa akaunzwa kune vanoongorora paGlavlit, kunyangwe "Kurima Hove uye Hove," kunyangwe magazini "Concrete uye Yakasimbiswa Kongiri." Kwakanga kune chinhu chakadaro, asi chii? Ikozvino unoseka, asi kutenderera, bai ze wei, kwakasvika zviuru makumi maviri nezviviri zvemakopi, chiuru nechidimbu chakatengeswa nemari yekunze kune vanyoreri vekunze.
Uye hapana akatakura "Funny Pictures" chero kupi.
Chechitatu, mutungamiri. Maererano netsika dzemakore iwayo, mupepeti-mukuru aifanira kuva nhengo yebato. Dambudziko nderekuti paive pasina maCommunist pakati pevanyori - nguva dzese vaive vakasununguka. Nekuda kweizvozvo, muimbi ane mukurumbira Ivan Semenov, uyo aive nhengo yebato, asi zvechokwadi asiri mukomunisiti webasa, akagadzwa mupepeti-mukuru weFunny Pictures. Ivan Maksimovich akabatana neAll-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) kumberi muna 1941, apo maGermany akanga achifora kumabvazuva, uye macommunist akatorwa akapfurwa ipapo.
Maererano nememoirs, uyu aimbova mutyairi wengarava uye murume akanaka aive mutungamiri akakodzera wevanhu vanogadzira. Handina kumbobvira ndakwazisana, uye ndaingobvunza nezvemhedzisiro - asi apa ndakabvunza nehasha. Uye aivewo nehumwe hunhu hwakakosha kumukuru wechirongwa chenhau - aive munhu akadzikama zvisingaite. Zvakanga zvisingaite kumugumbura. Nyanzvi Anatoly Mikhailovich Eliseev, akashanda paVK kubva pazuva rokutanga, akandiudza nyaya yakadaro mubvunzurudzo.
Semyonov aive nemukurumbira nekuda kwezvinyorwa zvake zvakawanda, senge, semuenzaniso:
Pane imwe nguva, mumwe wevanyori vemagazini akaunza kubva kuFinland bhati rekutungamira rakatengwa mu "joke shopu" iyo yakanga isingazivikanwi kubva kuchinhu chaicho. Takasarudza kutamba prank pamupepeti-mukuru, uyo, semazuva ese, aidhirowa mukamuri yakajairika. Vakamirira kusvikira Semenov apedza kuumba, akazadza pombi yake ndokubuda kunoputa - ndokuisa chivharo pamufananidzo wainge wapera.
Semyonov adzoka. Saw. Akasimuka sembiru. Akatsenga miromo. Akadonhedza chimwe chinhu chakasviba uye chinorema, chakaita sedombo rematombo: "Madhongi!"
Akafambisa "yakaparadzwa" kudhirowa kune tafura inotevera, akagomera, akatora pepa risina chinhu uye, achitarisa kurudyi, akatanga kutora zvinhu zvose zvakare.
Kazhinji, ndakaparadza prank yevanhu.
Asi chakanyanya kukosha kupfuura kubatana kwebato yaive nyaya yekuti Semenov, zvese zvinoenderana nezviri pamutemo uye zvisiri pamutemo ratings, aionekwa semumwe weakanakisa bhuku graphic artists munyika uye saka aive munhu ane chiremera munzvimbo yehunyanzvi.
"Zvakaipa, hama, unoziva maMagyars!" Mufananidzo wakaitwa naI. Semenov we "The Good Soldier Schweik"
Izvi zvakamubvumira kuunganidza chikamu chechina chekubudirira - timu. Nechekare mumagazini yekutanga, mifananidzo inonakidza yakadhirowewa neakanakisa vana graphic artists munyika: Konstantin Rotov, uyo akauya nechitarisiko chemudhara Hottabych naCaptain Vrungel, Alexey Laptev, akadhirowa Dunno yekare, Vladimir Suteev ( mifananidzo yekare yeCipollino, kunyange nei ndiri kubhavha, ndiani asingazivi Suteev?) , ambotaurwa Anatoly Eliseev. Mugore rokutanga, vakabatanidzwa naAminadav Kanevsky, Viktor Chizhikov, Anatoly Sazonov, Evgeny Migunov uye boka renyeredzi rekutanga-nyeredzi.
Zvakanaka, chikamu chekupedzisira inyanzvi yekugadzira. Kuti abudise magazini, Semyonov akabudirira kupinza uye kugadzirisa iyo "garwe" system yekugadzirira nyaya, yakavakirwa pamusimboti "kuuya nejee uye kudhirowa joke marudzi akasiyana ehuropi." Kwete, kune, hongu, kunze, saViktor Chizhikov, uyo akauya neakawanda emabasa ake muVK, kutanga nekutanga "Nezvemusikana Masha uye chidhori Natasha," asi pane zvose ...
Aya ndiwo matsanangurirwo akaitwa system naFelix Shapiro, mupepeti wemagazini "Funny Pictures" kubva 1956 kusvika 1993:
Pakati pevashandi vemagazini iyi vaive avo vanonzi "vane hunyanzvi" - avo vakanaka pakuuya nenyaya dzekudhirowa uye vanogona kugovana nevamwe. Theme team yedu yanga yakanaka. (Semuenzaniso, mutungamiriri ane mukurumbira Alexander Mitta akatanga semugadziri wedingindira mu "Funny Pictures" - VN) Vakauya kune yainzi “misangano yerima” nemifananidzo yavo. Misangano yaiitirwa mukamuri raiva nezvigaro zvakawanda, uye tafura imwe chete. Ivan Maksimovich akanga akagara patafura. Akatarisa munhu wose ndokubvunza kuti: “Zvakanaka, ndiani ane ushingi?” Mumwe wevanyori vezvidzidzo aibuda omupa mifananidzo yavo. Akavaratidza kumunhu wese aivepo uye akatarisa maitiro: kana vanhu vakanyemwerera, zvidhori zvaiiswa padivi. Kana pasina mhinduro, enda kune imwe.
Maererano nenyaya, dzimwe nguva vaibuda mu“misangano ine rima” vachiseka kusvika pakuvhunduka. Uye kazhinji, tichitonga nememoirs, mamiriro ekushanda mu "Funny Pictures" ainyanya kuyeuchidza Strugatskys '"Monday Begins on Saturday" - nemajee anoshanda, kuseka, kunwa nguva nenguva kwezvinwiwa zvakakurumbira, asi zvakanyanya kukosha - rudo rusina hanya basa ravo.
Vakagadzira magazini yevana yakanakisisa munyika yose uye vaisazogadzirisa chero chinhu chiduku.
Imwe magazini umo, semuenzaniso, makomiki akasarudzika eSoviet Union akabudiswa kubva pakutanga, uye uyu hausi mufananidzo wekutaura. Heino yakakurumbira Semenov "Petya Ryzhik" kubva kumagazini yekutanga:
Imwe magazini iyo vanyori vepamusoro pasi rose havana kuzeza kushanda navo: Jean Effel wekuFrance, Raoul Verdini wekuItaly, Herluf Bidstrup anobva kuDenmark.
Zvisinei, dzimwe nguva kushandira pamwe kwenyika dzakawanda kwakachinja kuva matambudziko akakomba. Saka, pakupera kwaAugust 1968, chinyorwa chisingashamisi che "Funny Pictures" chakabudiswa.
Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, paiva nengano isina mhosva yemunyori wechiCzech Vaclav Čtvrtek (vanodudza sei aya mazita okupedzisira?) Heunoi
Uye zvese zvaizova zvakanaka, asi panguva yekuburitswa kwemagazini iyo yakakurumbira "Prague Spring" inopera nekuunzwa kwemauto ekuumbwa kubva kunyika dzesocialist commonwealth muCzechoslovakia.
Operation Danube inotanga, maRussia, Poles neMagyars ambotaurwa anotyaira matangi akatenderedza guta guru reCzech, maCzech anovaka zvivhariso, muganhu Yevtushenko anonyora nhetembo "Matangi ari kufamba muPrague," vanopokana vanoita kuratidzira paRed Square, manzwi evavengi anochema mukuchinjana kwese. redhiyo frequency, KGB inomira panzeve uye inoita kunge yakaendeswa kunzvimbo yebharaki.
Uye panguva ino, "Mifananidzo Inosetsa" inoudza iyo Soviet Union yese kuti ikozvino kune shiri dzakawanda muPrague dziri kuchovha tumbuyu dzeCzech saka dzinoda kubuda muPrague.
Mumazuva iwayo, misoro yaibhururuka zvishoma - "Tekinoroji yeVechidiki" yakange yakavharwa munguva yeChernenkov yezvinomera zvakanyanya.
Mu "Mifananidzo Inosekesa," sekufembera kweakanyanya kufembera, kukanganisa kwakaitika kwakawedzera nekushaikwa kwecensorship. Kutumira nyaya yacho kuimba yekudhinda, siginicha yemupepeti-mukuru yakanga yakakwana.
Asi izvi zvairevawo kuti iye, zvakare, aizove nemutoro wezvose.
Sekurangarira kwaiitwa nevashandi, kweanenge mavhiki maviri kwaiita sekunge munhu akafa akarara muhofisi yekupepeta - munhu wese aifamba nemadziro uye achitaura zvake nekazevezeve. Semyonov akagara akakiyiwa muhofisi yake, achityora kurambidzwa kwake, kusvuta nguva dzose uye hypnotizing foni.
Vakabva vatanga kufemereka zvishoma nezvishoma.
Yakaputika.
Handina kuona.
Uye kana mumwe munhu akazviona, havana kupfura.
Takanga tichiri kuda magazini yaSemyonov. Vaiida zvikuru. Vese vana nevabereki vavo.
Kuti urege kupera nehupenzi hweSoviet iyi, mazwi mashomanana pamusoro pepfungwa yakanyatsojeka ne "Merry Men Club" uye chimiro chakakurumbira chaIvan Semyonov.
Kunyangwe padanho rekugadzira magazini, akauya aine mascot emagazini - shaggy yemashiripiti muimbi mune dema ngowani, bhurawu rebhuruu uye tsvuku uta.
Uye vakabva vafunga kumutsvagira kambani - vane mukurumbira ngano-vatambi vaizotamba kubva mukamuri kuenda kune imwe. Kuumbwa kwekutanga kweKirabhu kwaingova nenhengo shanu chete: Karandash, Buratino, Cipollino, Petrushka naGurvinek.
Uye muchinyorwa chokutanga chaicho, varavi vaduku vakatanga kusumwa kwavari, kutanga, nenzira yomuzvarirwo, nasachigaro wechigarire.
Kana shamwari dzaSemenov vaiziva kuti pfungwa yavo isina kujairika, yakaitwa pamabvi avo, yaizova chiitiko chaicho chetsika, kuti mifananidzo yaizoitwa pamusoro pe "Merry Men Club" uye zvinyorwa zvesayenzi zvaizonyorwa, kuti zvizvarwa zvakawanda zvevanhu zvaizokurira pairi. .
Vanhu avo nhasi vanodhirowa huzivi, ndingati, macaricatures. Seuyu ndinodaidza kuti "Vapenyu nevakafa."
Penzura ine nyeredzi mumakatuni mashanu,
akava gamba remabhuku asingaverengeki,
Kusvikira nhasi inoramba iri mascot yemagazini "Funny Pictures" uye chisikwa chakakurumbira chemuiti mukuru wevana Ivan Semyonov.
Hazvisi masanga kuti, semuenzaniso, Viktor Chizhikov, uyo akatanga kushanda mu "Funny Pictures" semudzidzi wechitatu paMoscow Printing Institute, aigara achikwevera mudzidzisi wake neunhu hwake hwaaida. Semuyenzaniso:
Kana kuti pano:
Zvinoda kuziva kuti kune rimwe divi rePasi, muAustralia, anogara mapatya ePenzura yedu. Uyewo mune blouse uye neuta.
Kutarisira mibvunzo isingadzivisiki - Penzura yedu yakakura makore matatu, muAustralia mashiripiti akaonekwa muna 1959. Zita remunyori uyu ndiMister Squiggle, uye vaive nyeredzi yechiratidziro yezita rimwe chetero yakatamba paterevhizheni yeAustralia kwemakore makumi mana, kubva 1959 kusvika 1999.
Mr. Squiggle chidhori chine penzura panzvimbo yemhino, uyo pakutanga akapedza "zvinyorwa" zvakatumirwa nevana uye akazvishandura kuva mifananidzo yakazara, uye akazokura kuva yake yeawa nehafu show nevaenzi vakakokwa uye konzati. nhamba.
Muna Kukadzi 2019, vanhu vekuAustralia vanotenda vakaburitsa nhevedzano yemadhora maviri emari kupemberera kusvitsa makore makumi matanhatu ehunhu hwavo hwehudiki.
Uye Penzura yedu haina kana kugashira chitambi chekutumira chegore rake.
Mukuyeuka kwangu kwose kune kuonga kwechokwadi chete kune vaimbova vadzidzi vaOctober nokuda kwehuduku hunofadza.
Source: www.habr.com