Ichi chinyorwa chikamu chezvikamu zvakatsaurirwa .
-Kuronga kweSpaceX kugovera iyo Internet kuburikidza nemakumi ezviuru emasatelliti ndiyo musoro mukuru munhau inoenderana nenzvimbo. Zvinyorwa pamusoro pezvichangoburwa zvinoburitswa svondo rega rega. Kana kazhinji chirongwa chacho chakajeka, uye mushure mekuverenga , munhu anonyatsokurudzirwa (taura, wako zvechokwadi) anogona kuchera zvakawanda zvemashoko. Zvisinei, kuchine pfungwa dzakawanda dzisina kururama dzine chokuita nekombiyuta itsva iyi, kunyange pakati pevacherechedzi vakavhenekerwa. Hazvishamisi kuona zvinyorwa zvichienzanisa Starlink neOneWeb uye Kuiper (pakati pevamwe) sekunge vari kukwikwidza pakaenzana. Vamwe vanyori, vane hanya zvakajeka nezvakanaka zvepasi, vanochema pamusoro pemarara emuchadenga, mutemo wemuchadenga, zviyero uye kuchengetedzwa kweruzivo rwenyeredzi. Ndinovimba kuti mushure mekuverenga chinyorwa ichi chakareba, muverengi achanzwisisa zvirinani uye nekufemerwa nepfungwa yeStarlink.
zvisingatarisirwi zvakabata tsinga mumoyo yevaverengi vangu vashoma. Mariri, ndakatsanangura kuti Starship yaizoisa sei SpaceX pamberi kwenguva yakareba, panguva imwechete ichipa mota yekuongorora nzvimbo itsva. Zvazvinoreva ndezvekuti indasitiri yechinyakare setiraiti haikwanise kufambirana neSpaceX, iyo yanga ichiwedzera kuwedzera uye kuderedza mitengo paFalcon mhuri yemaroketi, ichiisa SpaceX munzvimbo yakaoma. Kune rimwe divi, yakagadzira musika unokosha, pane zvakanakisa, mabhiriyoni akati wandei pagore. Kune rumwe rutivi, akawedzera chido chisingagutsikane chemari - yekuvaka roketi huru, iyo, zvisinei, inenge isina munhu wekutumira kuMars, uye hapana purofiti yekukurumidza inotarisirwa.
Mhinduro kudambudziko iri rekubatanidza ndeye Starlink. Nekuunganidza nekutangisa satelliti yayo, SpaceX inogona kugadzira nekutsanangura musika mutsva wekuwana kufambiswa kwakanaka uye kuzere nedemocrat kunhaurirano munzvimbo yese, kugadzira mari yekuvaka roketi isati yanyudza kambani, uye kuwedzera kukosha kwayo kwehupfumi mumabhiriyoni. Usarerutsa kukura kwevavariro dzaElon. Kune chete akawanda matrillion-dollar maindasitiri: simba, high-speed transport, communications, IT, hutano, kurima, hurumende, kudzivirira. Pasinei nemafungiro asiriwo akajairika, , ΠΈ - bhizinesi harisi kushanda. Elon akapinda munzvimbo yesimba neTesla yake, asi nharembozha chete ndiyo ichapa musika wakavimbika uye une simba wemasetellite uye roketi kutanga.
Elon Musk akatanga kutarisa nezvechadenga paakada kuisa madhora makumi masere emamiriyoni emahara mumishini yekurima zvirimwa paMars probe. Kuvaka guta paMars kungangodhura zvakapetwa ka80, saka Starlink ndiyo bheji huru yaMusk yekupa mafashama emari inodiwa yekutsigira. .
Nokuti chii?
Ndanga ndichironga nyaya iyi kwenguva yakareba, asi svondo rapfuura chete ndakawana mufananidzo wakakwana. Zvino Mutungamiriri weSpaceX, Gwynne Shotwell akapa Rob Baron hurukuro inoshamisa, yaakazofukidzira CNBC mune huru. Michael Sheetz, uye akatsaurirwa kwaari . Iyi bvunzurudzo yakaratidza mutsauko mukuru munzira dzekutaurirana setiraiti pakati peSpaceX nevamwe vese.
Concept akaberekwa muna 2012, apo SpaceX yakaziva kuti vatengi vayo - kunyanya vanopa satellite - vaive nehombe yemari. Nzvimbo dzekutangisa dziri kukwidza mitengo yekuendesa satellite uye neimwe nzira kupotsa pane imwe nhanho yebasa - zvingadaro sei? Elon akarota kugadzira boka renyeredzi reInternet uye, asingakwanisi kuramba basa risingaite, akatanga maitiro. Starlink kuvandudza , asi pakupera kwechinyorwa chino iwe, muverengi wangu, ungangoshamisika kuti madiki sei matambudziko aya - kupihwa hukuru hwepfungwa.
Ko boka rakakura kudaro rinodiwa paInternet zvachose? Uye sei zvino?
Mundangariro dzangu chete iyo Indaneti yakashanduka kubva pakuita zvedzidzo chete kuita yekutanga uye yega yekuvandudza zvivakwa. Iyi haisi musoro wakakodzera chinyorwa chakazara, asi ndinofungidzira kuti pasi rose, kudiwa kweInternet uye mari yainowana icharamba ichikura ne25% pagore.
Nhasi, isu tese tinowana internet yedu kubva kunhamba diki yenzvimbo dzakasarudzika dzemonopolies. MuUS, AT&T, Time Warner, Comcast uye vashoma vevatambi vadiki vakagovana nzvimbo kudzivirira makwikwi, kubhadharisa matehwe matatu emasevhisi uye kunyura mumwaranzi yeruvengo rwepasirese.
Pane chikonzero chakanaka chokuti vanopa vatapi vasakwikwidzanaβkupfuura makaro anopedza zvose. Kuvaka zvivakwa zveInternet β microwave cell towers uye fiber optics β kunodhura zvakanyanya. Zviri nyore kukanganwa chimiro chinoshamisa cheInternet. Ambuya vangu vakatanga kuenda kunoshanda muHondo Yenyika II semufambisi wezvekufambiswa kwemashoko, asi teregirafu yakabva yakwikwidzana kuti iite basa rekutungamira nenjiva dzinotakura! Kune vazhinji vedu, iyo superhighway yeruzivo chinhu chenguva pfupi, chisingabatike, asi mabheti anofamba achipfuura nepasi rinoonekwa, iro rine miganhu, nzizi, makomo, makungwa, dutu, njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga nezvimwe zvipingamupinyi. Kare muna 1996, apo mutsetse wekutanga wefiber optic wakaradzikwa pasi pegungwa, . Mune siginecha yake yakapinza dhizaini, anotsanangura zvakajeka mutengo uye kuomarara kwekuisa iyi mitsara, iyo iyo yakarambwa "kotegs" ichiri kumhanya. Kune mazhinji ema2000s, tambo zhinji dzakadhonzwa zvekuti mutengo wekuendesa waishamisa.
Pane imwe nguva ndakashanda murabhoritari ye optical uye (kana ndangariro ichishanda) takatyora rekodhi yenguva iyoyo, kuendesa multiplex transmission speed ye500 Gb/sec. Zvimisikidzo zvemagetsi zvakabvumira kuti faibha imwe neimwe itakurwe kusvika ku0,1% yehukwanisiro hwayo. Makore gumi nemashanu gare gare, takagadzirira kudarika chikumbaridzo: kana kuendesa data kunopfuura kupfuura iyo, fiber ichanyunguduka, uye isu tatove pedyo zvikuru neizvi.
Asi isu tinofanirwa kusimudza kuyerera kwedata pamusoro penyika ine zvivi - munzvimbo, uko setiraiti inotenderedza "bhora" ka30 mumakore mashanu. Zvingaita senge mhinduro iri pachena - saka nei pasina munhu akambozvitora?
Iridium satellite constellation, yakagadzirwa uye yakashandiswa mukutanga kwema1990 neMotorola (unovarangarira?), yakava yekutanga pasi rose-yakaderera-orbit network network (sekutsanangurwa kunokwezva mu. ) Panguva yayakatumirwa, iyo niche kugona kufambisa mapaketi madiki e data kubva kune asset trackers yakave iko kushandiswa kwayo chete: nharembozha dzaive dzakachipa zvekuti nhare dzesatellite hadzina kumbodzima. Iridium yaive nemasatelliti makumi matanhatu nenhanhatu (pamwe chete nema spares mashoma) muma 66 orbits - iyo shoma yakaiswa kuvhara pasi rese.
Kana Iridium yaida makumi matanhatu nematanhatu satellite, saka sei SpaceX ichida makumi ezviuru? Zvakasiyana sei?
SpaceX yakapinda bhizinesi iri kubva kune yakatarisana - yakatanga nekuvhurwa. Akave piyona mumunda wekuchengetedza mota uye nekudaro akatora musika wemapadhi ekutanga emutengo wakaderera. Kuedza kuvakunda nemutengo wakaderera hakukuunzi mari yakawanda, saka nzira chete yeimwe purofiti kubva kune simba ravo rakawandisa ndeyekuva mutengi wavo. Mari yeSpaceX yekutangisa yayo satelliti - (pa1 kg) Iridium, uye saka vanokwanisa kupinda mumusika wakakura zvakanyanya.
Kufukidzwa kweStarlink yepasirese kunopa mukana kune yemhando yepamusoro internet chero kupi zvako munyika. Kekutanga, kuwanikwa kweInternet kunotsamira kwete pakuva pedyo kwenyika kana guta kune fibre optic line, asi pakujeka kwedenga riri pamusoro. Vashandisi kutenderera pasirese vachawana mukana weInternet yepasirese isina kuvharika zvisinei nekusiyana kwavo kwehuipi uye/kana huipi hwehurumende. Kugona kweStarlink kutyora monopolies kuchaita shanduko yakanaka pamwero unoshamisa uyo unozopedzisira wabatanidza mabhiriyoni evanhu munharaunda yepasi rose yeramangwana.
A pfupi lyrical digression: izvi zvinomborevei?
Kune vanhu vanokura munguva yanhasi yekubatana kwese kwese, Indaneti yakaita semhepo yatinofema. Ndiye chete. Asi izvi - kana tikakanganwa nezvesimba rayo rinoshamisa rekuunza shanduko yakanaka - uye isu tatova pakati payo. Nerubatsiro rweInternet, vanhu vanogona kuita kuti vatungamiri vavo vazvidavirire, kutaura nevamwe vanhu vari kune rimwe divi renyika, kugovana pfungwa, uye kugadzira chimwe chinhu chitsva. Indaneti inobatanidza vanhu. Nhoroondo yemazuva ano ndiyo nhoroondo yekuvandudzwa kwekugona kuchinjanisa data. Kutanga - kuburikidza nekutaura uye epic nhetembo. Ipapo - pakunyora, izvo zvinopa inzwi kune vakafa, uye ivo vanotendeukira kune vapenyu; kunyora kunobvumira data kuchengetwa uye kunoita kuti asynchronous kutaurirana kugoneke. Muchina wekudhinda wakaisa kuburitswa kwenhau. Kukurukurirana kwemagetsi - kwakawedzera kuendesa data kutenderera pasirese. Midziyo yekutora zvinyorwa zvemunhu zvishoma nezvishoma yakawedzera kuomarara, kubva kumabhuku ekunyorera kuenda kunharembozha, imwe neimwe iri komputa yakabatana neInternet, yakazadzwa nemasensor uye kuita zvirinani kutarisira zvatinoda zuva rega rega.
Munhu anoshandisa kunyora uye komputa mukuita kwekuziva ane mukana uri nani wekukunda miganhu yehuropi husina kukwana. Chinotonyanya nani ndechekuti nharembozha zvese zvine simba zvigadziriso uye nzira yekutsinhana mazano. Nepo vanhu vaivimba nekutaura kwakanyorwa mumabhuku ekunyorera kuti vagovane pfungwa dzavo, nhasi zvagara zviri pakuti mabhuku ekunyorera agoverane pfungwa dzakagadzirwa nevanhu. Iyo yechinyakare chirongwa chakaitika inversion. Kuenderera mberi zvine musoro kweiyo nzira imwe nzira yekubatana metacognition, kuburikidza nemidziyo yemunhu, uye yakabatana kune mumwe nemumwe. Uye kunyangwe isu tichiri kusava nehanya nekuda kwekurasikirwa kwekubatana kwedu nemasikirwo uye kuva toga, zvakakosha kuti tiyeuke kuti tekinoroji uye tekinoroji chete ndiyo inokonzera chikamu cheshumba chekusunungurwa kwedu kubva ku "zvakasikwa" kutenderera kwekusaziva, kufa nguva isati yakwana (iyo inogona kuva kudziviswa), mhirizhonga, nzara uye kuora kwemazino.
Sei?
Ngatitaure nezve bhizinesi modhi uye dhizaini yeStarlink chirongwa.
Kuti Starlink ive bhizinesi rine pundutso, kupinda kwemari kunofanirwa kudarika mutengo wekuvaka nekushanda. Sechinyakare, kudyara mari kunosanganisira kukwira kumusoro kwemitengo, yakasarudzika nyanzvi yemari uye inishuwarenzi nzira dzekutanga satellite. A geostationary communications satellite inogona kudhura madhora mazana mashanu emamiriyoni uye kutora makore mashanu kuungana uye kutanga. Naizvozvo, makambani ari mundima iyi ari panguva imwe chete kuvaka ngarava dzejet kana ngarava dzemidziyo. Kuwanda kwemari, kuwanda kwemari isingabhadhari mari yekubhadhara mari, uye bhajeti diki rekushandisa. Kusiyana neizvi, kudonha kweIridium yekutanga kwaive kwekuti Motorola yakamanikidza mushandisi kubhadhara mari dzerezenisi dzakaremara, kubhuroka bhizinesi mukati memwedzi mishoma.
Kuti uite bhizinesi rerudzi urwu, makambani echinyakare setiraiti aifanira kushandira vatengi vakazvimirira uye kubhadharisa mareti akakwira data. Ndege, nzvimbo dziri kure, ngarava, nzvimbo dzehondo uye zvivakwa zvakakosha zvinobhadhara mari inosvika madhora mashanu paMB, iyo inodhura kakapetwa zviuru zvishanu pane yechinyakare ADSL, kunyangwe latency uye yakaderera satellite throughput.
Starlink inoronga kukwikwidza nevanopa masevhisi epasi, zvinoreva kuti ichafanirwa kuendesa data zvakachipa uye, zvine hungwaru, inochaja isingasviki $1 pa1 MB. Izvi zvinogoneka here? Kana, sezvo izvi zvichibvira, tinofanira kubvunza: izvi zvinogoneka sei?
Chinhu chekutanga mundiro nyowani ndeye yakachipa yekutanga. Nhasi, Falcon inotengesa 24-ton kuvhurwa kwemadhora makumi matanhatu emamiriyoni, inova $60 pa2500 kg. Zvinoitika, zvisinei, kuti kune yakawanda yakawanda mari yemukati. Masetellite eStarlink anozovhurwa pamotokari dzinoshandiswazve dzekutangisa, saka mutengo wepamucheto wekutangwa kumwe chete mutengo wechikamu chechipiri (inenge mamirioni mana emadhora), fairings (miriyoni imwe) uye rutsigiro rwepasi (~ miriyoni imwe). Zvose: inenge 1 zviuru zvemadhora pa satellite, i.e. zvakachipa kanopfuura ka4 pane kutangisa satellite yekutaurirana.
Mazhinji Starlink satellite, zvisinei, anozovhurwa paStarship. Chokwadi, shanduko yeStarlink, semishumo yakagadziridzwa kune iyo FCC show, inopa zvimwe zvivakwa zvemukati zvepurojekiti. Hwerengedzo yemasatellite ari muboka renyeredzi yakawedzera kubva pa1 584 kusvika ku2 825, ikazosvika pa7 518 uye pakupedzisira kusvika ku30 000. Kana tichidavirwa kuunganidza kwakakomba, nhamba yacho yakatokwira zvikuru. Huwandu hushoma hwemasatelliti echikamu chekutanga chebudiriro yeprojekiti kuti iite i60 mu6 orbits (360 yakazara), nepo kufukidzwa kuzere mukati me53 madhigirii eequator kunoda 24 orbits emasatelliti makumi matanhatu (60 pamwe chete). Ndiyo 1440 kuvhurwa kweFalcon kwemadhora zana nemakumi mashanu emamiriyoni emari yemukati. Starship, kune rumwe rutivi, yakagadzirirwa kuburitsa kusvika ku24 satellite panguva, yemutengo mumwe chete. Starlink satellites inozoda kutsiviwa makore mashanu ega ega, saka zviuru zvitanhatu zvema satellite zvingada 150 Starship kutanga pagore. Ichadhura mamwe mamirioni / gore, kana 400 zviuru / satellite. Imwe neimwe satellite yakatangwa paFalcon inorema 5 kg; ma satellite akasimudzwa paStarship anogona kuyera 6000 kg uye kutakura zviridzwa zvechitatu, zvikati kurei uye zvisingapfuure mutoro unobvumidzwa.
Mutengo wemasatelliti unosanganisirei? Pakati pehama dzavo, Starlink satellites akati wandei. Iwo anounganidzwa, anochengetwa uye akatangwa akafuratirwa uye saka ari nyore kwazvo kugadzira kuwanda. Chiitiko chinoratidza kuti mutengo wekugadzira unofanirwa kunge wakaenzana nemutengo wekuvhura. Kana mutsauko mumutengo wakakura, zvinoreva kuti zviwanikwa zviri kugoverwa zvisizvo, sezvo kudzikiswa kwakazara kwemari yemahara uku kudzikisa mitengo hakuna kunaka. Zvinonyatsoita here kubhadhara zviuru zana zvemadhora pasetiraiti yekutanga batch yemazana akati wandei? Mune mamwe mazwi, iyo Starlink satellite mumudziyo haina kuoma kupfuura muchina?
Kuti tipindure zvizere mubvunzo uyu, tinoda kunzwisisa kuti sei mutengo weiyo orbiting communications satellite yakakwira ka1000, kunyangwe isiri ka1000 kuomarara. Kuzvitaura zviri nyore, nei hardware yemuchadenga ichidhura kudaro? Pane zvikonzero zvakawanda zveizvi, asi chinonyanya kumanikidza mune iyi kesi ndeichi: kana kuburitsa satellite mu orbit (Falcon isati yasvika) inodhura anopfuura mamirioni zana, inofanirwa kuvimbiswa kushanda kwemakore mazhinji kuti iunze zvimwe. purofiti. Kuve nechokwadi chekuvimbika kwakadaro mukushanda kwechigadzirwa chekutanga uye chega inzira inorwadza uye inogona kukwevera kwemakore, inoda kuedza kwemazana evanhu. Wedzera mumitengo, uye zviri nyore kupembedza maitiro ekuwedzera kana zvave kutodhura kutanga.
Starlink inotyora iyi paradigm nekuvaka mazana emasatelliti, nekukurumidza kugadzirisa kukanganisa kwekutanga kwekugadzira, uye kushandisa maitiro ekugadzira akawanda kudzora mitengo. Ini pachangu ndinogona kufungidzira mutsara wegungano reStarlink uko nyanzvi inobatanidza chimwe chinhu chitsva mudhizaini uye inobata zvese pamwe chete nepurasitiki tie (NASA level, hongu) muawa kana maviri, kuchengetedza inodiwa yekutsiva nhanho ye16 satellite / zuva. The Starlink satellite ine zvikamu zvakawanda zvakaoma, asi ini handioni chikonzero nei mari yechuru chechiuru ichiuya kubva pamusangano wegungano haigoni kuderedzwa kusvika kune zviuru makumi maviri. Zvechokwadi, muna May, Elon akanyora pa Twitter kuti mari yekugadzira satellite ndeye. yatove yakaderera pane mutengo wekutanga .
Ngatitorei avhareji kesi uye tiongorore nguva yekubhadhara, tichitenderedza nhamba. Imwe Starlink satellite, iyo inodhura zviuru zana kuungana uye kutanga, inotora makore mashanu. Ichazvibhadhara here, uye kana zvakadaro, nekukurumidza sei?
Mumakore mashanu, iyo Starlink setiraiti ichatenderera Nyika kanosvika zviuru makumi matatu. Pane imwe neimwe yeiyi nzira yeawa imwe nehafu, ichapedza nguva yakawanda pamusoro pegungwa uye zvichida masekonzi 5 pamusoro peguta rine vanhu vakawanda. Munguva iyi pfupi hwindo, anoparadzira data, achimhanyira kuwana mari. Tichifunga kuti antenna inotsigira matanda zana uye danda rega rega rinotumira 30 Mbps uchishandisa yemazuva ano encoding mhando. , ipapo setiraiti inoburitsa $1000 mupurofiti per orbit-nemutengo wekunyoresa we $1 pa1 GB. Izvi zvakakwana kudzoreredza mutengo wekutumira we100 zviuru muvhiki uye inorerutsa zvakanyanya chimiro cheguta. Iwo asara 29 majana ipurofiti kubvisa mari yakatarwa.
Nhamba dzinofungidzirwa dzinogona kusiyana zvakanyanya, mumativi ese. Asi chero zvakadaro, kana iwe uchikwanisa kuburitsa emhando yepamusoro nyeredzi yemasetelliti mune yakaderera orbit ye100 - kana kunyange miriyoni imwe payuniti - ichi chikumbiro chakakomba. Kunyangwe iine nguva ipfupi yekusekesa yekushandisa, iyo Starlink setiraiti inokwanisa kuburitsa makumi matatu PB yedata mukati mehupenyu hwayo - nemutengo wakaderedzwa wemadhora 000 paGB. Panguva imwecheteyo, kana uchitumira pamusoro pemadaro marefu, mari yemukati haiwedzere.
Kuti tinzwisise kukosha kweiyo modhi, ngatiienzanise nekukurumidza nemamwe mamodheru maviri ekuendesa data kuvatengi: tambo yechinyakare fiber optic tambo, uye satellite constellation inopihwa nekambani isinganyanye kuburitsa masatellite.
, inobatanidza France neSingapore, yakatanga kushanda muna 2005. Bandwidth - 1,28 Tb/s, mari yekuendesa - $500 miriyoni. Kana ikashanda pa 10% kukwanisa kwemakore gumi, uye mari yepamusoro inosvika ku100% yemari yemari, ipapo mutengo wekutumira uchava $ 100 pa 0,02 GB. Transatlantic cables ipfupi uye yakachipa zvishoma, asi tambo yepasi pemvura ingori chinhu chimwe mucheni refu yevanhu vanoda mari yedata. Avhareji fungidziro yeStarlink inoshanduka kuve yakachipa ka1, uye panguva imwechete ivo vese-vanosanganisirwa.
Izvi zvinobvira sei? Iyo Starlink setiraiti inosanganisira ese akaomesesa emagetsi switching Hardware anodiwa kubatanidza tambo dzefiber optic, asi inoshandisa vacuum panzvimbo yewaya inodhura, isina kusimba kufambisa data. Kufambiswa kwemuchadenga kunoderedza huwandu hweanotonhorera uye moribund monopolies, zvichibvumira vashandisi kutaurirana kuburikidza nechero Hardware.
Ngatienzanisei neanokwikwidza satellite kuvandudza OneWeb. OneWeb inoronga kugadzira boka renyeredzi remasatelliti mazana matanhatu, iyo yaachavhura kuburikidza nevatengesi vekutengesa nemutengo unosvika zviuru makumi maviri zvemadhora pa600 kg. Kurema kweimwe satellite ndeye 20 kg, kureva, mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka, kutangwa kwechikwata chimwe chete kuchava anenge mamiriyoni 000. Mutengo we satellite hardware unofungidzirwa pa 1 mamiriyoni pa satellite, i.e. ne 150, mari yeboka rose ichava mabhiriyoni 3. Miedzo yakaitwa neOneWeb yakaratidza kubuda kwe1 Mb / sec. panhongonya, zvakanaka, kune imwe neimwe ye2027 ranzi. Tichitevera nzira imwechete yataishandisa kuverenga mutengo weStarlink, tinowana: yega yega OneWeb setiraiti inogadzira madhora makumi masere pairi orbit, uye mumakore mashanu chete ichaunza madhora 2,6 miriyoni - isingabhadhare mutengo wekuvhura, kana ukaverengawo kutumira data kunzvimbo dziri kure. . Zvose tinowana $50 pa16 GB.
Gwynne Shotwell achangobva kutorwa achidaro , izvo zvinoreva mutengo wemakwikwi we $ 0,10 pa1 GB. Uye izvi zvichiri neiyo yekutanga kumisikidzwa kweStarlink: ine kushomeka yakagadziridzwa kugadzirwa, kuvhurwa paFalcon uye zvipimo mukufambiswa kwedata - uye chete nekuvharirwa kuchamhembe kweUS. Zvinoitika kuti SpaceX ine mukana usingarambiki: nhasi vanogona kuvhura yakanyanya kukodzera setiraiti pamutengo (pamuyuniti) ka15 yakaderera pane avo vanokwikwidza. Starship ichawedzera kutungamira neka100, kana zvisingaite, saka hazvina kuoma kufungidzira SpaceX ichivhura zviuru makumi matatu zvemasatellite kusvika 2027 isingasviki bhiriyoni imwe yemadhora, mazhinji ayo achapa kubva pachikwama chayo.
Ndine chokwadi chekuti kune mamwe maongororo ane tariro maererano neOneWeb uye vamwe vari kuuya-uye-vanouya setiraiti vagadziri venyeredzi, asi ini handisati ndaziva kuti zvinhu zvinoshanda sei kwavari.
Munguva pfupi yapfuura Morgan Stanley kuti Starlink satellites inodhura 1 miriyoni yekuungana uye zviuru mazana masere nemakumi matatu ekutanga. . Sezvineiwo, nhamba dzakafanana nefungidziro yedu yemitengo yeOneWeb, uye inokwana kagumi kupfuura fungidziro yekutanga yeStarlink. Kushandisa Starship uye kushambadzira setiraiti kugadzirwa kunogona kuderedza mutengo wekuisa satellite kusvika pa10K / unit. Uye ichi chimiro chakaderera zvinoshamisa.
Iyo yekupedzisira poindi yasara ndeyekuenzanisa purofiti pa1 Watt yesimba rezuva rakagadzirwa kuStarlink. Zvinoenderana nemifananidzo iri pawebhusaiti yavo, iyo solar array yeimwe neimwe satellite ine nzvimbo inosvika makumi matanhatu emamita emamita, i.e. paavhareji inogadzira ingangoita 60 kW kana 3 kWh per revolution. Sefungidziro yakakasharara, kutenderera kwega kwega kunoburitsa madhora chiuru uye setiraiti yega yega inoburitsa madhora mazana maviri nemakumi maviri pakWh. Izvi zvakapetwa ka4,5 mutengo wakazara wesimba rezuva, iro rinosimbisa zvakare: . Uye modulating microwaves yekufambisa data muripo wakakura wakawedzerwa.
akitekicha
Muchikamu chakapfuura, ini ndanga ndichida kuunza isiri-yakakosha chikamu cheiyo Starlink architecture - kuti inoshanda sei nehuwandu husina kuenzana hwehuwandu hwepasi. Iyo Starlink satellite inoburitsa matanda akatariswa anogadzira mavara pamusoro pepasi. Vanyoreri mukati menzvimbo vanogovana bandwidth imwe. Saizi yenzvimbo inotarwa neiyo yakakosha fizikisi: pekutanga hupamhi hwayo ndeye (satellite kureba x microwave kureba / antenna dhayamita), iyo yeStarlink satellite iri, zvakanyanya, akati wandei makiromita.
Mumaguta mazhinji, huwandu hwevanhu hunosvika zviuru zvevanhu / sq. km., kunyangwe mune dzimwe nzvimbo yakakwirira. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeTokyo kana Manhattan panogona kunge paine vanhu vanopfuura 1000 panzvimbo. Neraki, chero guta rakadai rine vanhu vakawanda rine musika wepamba unokwikwidza weBroadband Internet, tisingataure nezvenharembozha yakagadziridzwa network. Asi, zvingave zvakadaro, kana pane imwe nguva nenguva paine akawanda satellite eboka rimwe chete renyeredzi pamusoro peguta, kubuda kunogona kuwedzerwa nekusiyana kwenzvimbo yeantennas, pamwe nekugovera frequency. Mune mamwe mazwi, akawanda emasatelliti anogona kutarisisa danda rine simba pane imwe chete, uye vashandisi munharaunda iyoyo vachashandisa zviteshi zvepasi zvinogovera chikumbiro pakati pemasatelliti.
Kana pamatanho ekutanga musika wakakodzera kwazvo wekutengesa masevhisi uri kure, kumaruwa kana nzvimbo dzemudhorobha, saka mari yekumwe kutangisa ichabva kumasevhisi ari nani kuenda kumaguta ane vanhu vakawanda. Mamiriro ezvinhu akanyatsopesana neyakajairwa musika wekuwedzera maitiro, umo makwikwi masevhisi anonangana nemaguta anotambura nekudzikira purofiti pavanenge vachiedza kuwedzera munzvimbo dzine hurombo uye dzine vanhu vashoma.
Makore akati wandei apfuura, pandakaita masvomhu, .
Ndakatora data kubva pamufananidzo uyu uye ndakagadzira iyo 3 magirafu pazasi. Yekutanga inoratidza kuwanda kwenzvimbo yepasi nekuwanda kwevanhu. Chinhu chinonyanya kufadza ndechekuti yakawanda yePasi haina kugarwa zvachose, nepo pasina nzvimbo ine vanhu vanopfuura zana pa sq. km.
Girafu yechipiri inoratidza kuwanda kwevanhu nekuwanda kwevanhu. Uye kunyange zvazvo vazhinji vepasi vasingagarwi, vanhu vazhinji vanogara munzvimbo dzine vanhu 100-1000 pa sq. km. Hunhu hwakatambanudzwa hwenhongonya iyi (kurongeka kwehukuru) hunoratidza bimodality mumatanho emaguta. 100 vanhu/sq.km. inzvimbo yekumaruwa ine vanhu vashoma, nepo nhamba yevanhu 1000/sq.km. yatova hunhu hwemasabhubhu. Nzvimbo dzemadhorobha dzinoratidza zviri nyore vanhu zviuru gumi/sq.km., asi huwandu hweManhattan vanhu zviuru makumi maviri neshanu/sq.km.
Girafu rechitatu rinoratidza huwandu hwevanhu nelatitude. Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti vanenge vanhu vose vakanyura pakati pe20 ne40 degrees north latitude. Izvi ndizvo, kazhinji, zvakaitika munharaunda uye nhoroondo, sezvo chikamu chikuru chekumaodzanyemba kwehemisphere inogarwa negungwa. Uye zvakadaro, kuwanda kwevanhu kwakadai idambudziko rinotyisa kune vavaki veboka, nekuti ... Satellite inopedza nguva yakaenzana mumativi ose ari maviri. Uyezve, setiraiti inotenderera Pasi pakona ye, toti, madhigirii makumi mashanu achapedza nguva yakawanda ari pedyo nemiganhu yelatitude yakatarwa. Ndosaka Starlink ichingoda nzira nhanhatu chete kuti ishandire kuchamhembe kweUS, zvichienzaniswa nemakumi maviri nemana ekuvhara equator.
Chokwadi, kana ukabatanidza huwandu hwevanhu density graph neiyo satellite constellation density graph, kusarudzwa kwemaobhiti kunova pachena. Imwe neimwe bar graph inomiririra imwe yeSpaceX's ina FCC filings. Ini pachangu, zvinoratidzika kwandiri kuti mushumo mutsva wega wega wakafanana nekuwedzera kune yakapfuura, asi chero zvakadaro, hazvina kuoma kuona kuti mamwe ma satellite anowedzera sei huwandu pamusoro penzvimbo dzinoenderana kuchamhembe kwehemisphere. Kusiyana neizvi, hukuru husina kushandiswa hunoramba huri kumaodzanyemba kwehemisphere - fara, Australia!
Chii chinoitika kune data remushandisi kana rasvika kune satellite? Mune yekutanga vhezheni, iyo Starlink setiraiti yakabva yavadzosera kuchiteshi chepasi chakatsaurirwa pedyo nenzvimbo dzebasa. Iyi gadziriso inonzi "direct relay". Mune ramangwana, Starlink satellites achakwanisa kutaurirana nemumwe kuburikidza nelaser. Kutsinhana kwedata kuchakwira pamusoro pemaguta ane vanhu vakawanda, asi iyo data inogona kugoverwa pamusoro petiweki ye lasers muzvikamu zviviri. Mukuita, izvi zvinoreva kuti kune mukana wakakura weiyo yakavanzika yekukurukurirana backhaul network mune network yemasatelliti, zvichireva kuti data remushandisi rinogona "kuendeswazve kuPasi" pane chero nzvimbo yakakodzera. Mukuita, zvinoratidzika kwandiri kuti SpaceX pasi zviteshi zvichabatanidzwa kunze kwemaguta.
Zvinoitika kuti satellite-kune-satellite kutaurirana harisi basa diki kunze kwekunge ma satellite afamba pamwechete. Mishumo ichangoburwa kuFCC inoshuma 11 akasiyana orbital constellations emasatellite. Mukati meboka rakapihwa, masatellite anofamba pakakwirira, pakona imwe chete, uye neakaenzana eccentricity, zvinoreva kuti ma lasers anogona kuwana masatellite ari padyo nepedyo zviri nyore. Asi kumhanya kwekuvhara pakati pemapoka kunoyerwa mu km/sec, saka kutaurirana pakati pemapoka, kana zvichibvira, kunofanirwa kuitwa kuburikidza nepfupi, nekukurumidza kudzoreka microwave links.
Orbital boka topology yakafanana neye wave-particle theory yechiedza uye hainyanyi kushanda kumuenzaniso wedu, asi ndinofunga kuti yakanaka, saka ndakaisanganisira muchinyorwa. Kana usingafarire chikamu chino, svetuka wakananga ku βLimits of Fundamental Physics.β
A torus - kana donut - chinhu chesvomhu chinotsanangurwa nemaradii maviri. Zviri nyore kudhirowa madenderedzwa pamusoro pe torus: parallel kana perpendicular kune chimiro chayo. Unogona kuona zvichinakidza kuona kuti kune dzimwe mhuri mbiri dzedenderedzwa dzinogona kudhirowa pamusoro petorasi, dzose dzinopfuura nepaburi pakati payo uye dzakatenderedza rondedzero. Izvi ndizvo zvinonzi , uye ndakashandisa dhizaini iyi pandakagadzira toroid yeBurning Man Tesla coil muna 2015.
Uye nepo satellite orbits ari, kunyatsotaura, ellipses kwete madenderedzwa, dhizaini imwechete inoshanda kune Starlink. Boka renyeredzi re4500 satellites pane akawanda orbital ndege, ese ari pakona imwe chete, anoumba chimiro chinoramba chichifamba pamusoro pePasi. Maumbirwo akananga kuchamhembe pamusoro penzvimbo yakapihwa yelatitude inotenderera ichidzokera kumaodzanyemba. Kuti udzivise kudhumhana, mikoto yacho inorebeswa zvishoma, kuitira kuti kuchamhembe-inofamba-famba ive makiromita akati wandei pamusoro (kana pazasi) yekumaodzanyemba-inofamba. Pamwe chete, ese ari maviri akaturikidzana anoumba torus-inoputika, sezvinoratidzwa pazasi mudhayagiramu yakanyanyisa.
Rega ndikuyeuchidze kuti mukati meiyi torus, kutaurirana kunoitwa pakati pevakidzani satellite. Kazhinji, hapana hukama hwakananga uye hunoramba huchienderera mberi pakati pemasatelliti muzvikamu zvakasiyana, sezvo kumhanya kwekuvhara kwelaser kutungamira kwakanyanyisa. Iyo nzira yekufambisa data pakati pezvikamu, zvakare, inopfuura pamusoro kana pazasi pe torus.
Huwandu hwe30 satellites ichave iri munzvimbo gumi neimwe dzakagadzirirwa tori, kure kuseri kweISS orbit! Iri dhayagiramu rinoratidza kuti ese aya akaturikidzwa sei, pasina eccentricity yakawedzera.
Chekupedzisira, iwe unofanirwa kufunga nezve yakanyanya kunaka kukwira kwendege. Pane dambudziko: kudzika kwakadzika, izvo zvinopa hukuru hwekupfuura nehukuru hudiki hwedanda, kana kukwirira kwepamusoro, izvo zvinokutendera kuti uvhare pasi rese nemasatelliti mashoma? Nokufamba kwenguva, mishumo kuFCC kubva kuSpaceX yakataura nezvekuwedzera kudzika kwakadzika, nekuti, sezvo Starship inovandudza, inoita kuti zvikwanise kukurumidza kutumira mapoka makuru enyeredzi.
Kudzika kwakadzika kune zvimwe zvakanaka, zvinosanganisira njodzi yakaderedzwa yekudhumhana nemarara emuchadenga kana mhedzisiro yakaipa yekutadza kwemidziyo. Nekuda kwekuwedzera kwekudhonza kwemuchadenga, yakadzika-yekunyepa Starlink satellite (330 km) ichatsva mukati memavhiki ekutadza kudzora maitiro. Zvechokwadi, 300 km inzvimbo iyo ma satellite haatombobhururuka, uye kuchengetedza kukwira kunoda yakavakirwa muKrypton yemagetsi roketi injini, pamwe chete nedhizaini yakagadziridzwa. Sezvineiwo, setiraiti yakanyatsonongedza inofambiswa neinjini yechitundumuseremusere yemagetsi inokwanisa kuchengetedza kureba kwemakiromita zana nemakumi matanhatu, asi SpaceX haigone kuburitsa masatelliti akadzikira kudaro, nekuti kune mamwe manomano ekuwedzera simba.
Kuganhurirwa kweKukosha Fizikisi
Zvinoita sezvisingagoneke kuti mutengo wekutambira satellite uchadonha zvakanyanya pazasi zviuru makumi matatu nemashanu, kunyangwe kugadzirwa kwacho kwave kumberi uye kwakazara otomatiki, uye ngarava dzeStarship dzinogona kushandiswazve, uye hazvisati zvanyatsozivikanwa kuti zvipi zvirambidzo fizikisi ichaisa pane satellite. . Ongororo iri pamusoro inotora peak throughput ye35 Gbps. (kana iwe ukatenderedza kusvika ku80 matanda, imwe neimwe inokwanisa kufambisa 100 Mbps).
Iyo yakanyanya chiteshi chenji inogumira yakaiswa kuti uye inopihwa muhuwandu hwebandwidth (1 + SNR). Bandwidth inowanzoganhurwa , nepo SNR iri simba rinowanikwa resatellite, ruzha rwemashure uye kupindira pachiteshi nekuda kwe . Chimwe chipingamupinyi chinocherechedzwa ndechekumhanyisa kumhanya. Iyo yazvino Xilinx Ultrascale + FPGAs ine , izvo zvakanaka kupihwa zvipimo zvazvino zveruzivo rwechiteshi pasina kugadzira maASICs. Asi kunyange ipapo 58 Gb/sec. zvinozoda inonakidza frequency kugovera, kazhinji muKa- kana V-bhendi mabhendi. V (40β75 GHz) ine mitsetse inosvikika, asi inobatwa zvakanyanya nemhepo, kunyanya munzvimbo dzine mwando.
100 matanda anoshanda here? Pane zvinhu zviviri kudambudziko iri: beamwidth uye phased array element density. Beam wide inotarwa newavelength yakakamurwa nedhayamita yeantenna. Digital phased array antenna ichiri yakasarudzika tekinoroji, asi iyo yakanyanya kunaka zviyero zvinotemerwa nehupamhi. (approx. 1m), uye kushandisa radio frequency communications kunodhura. Iyo wave hupamhi muKa-bhendi inenge 1 cm, nepo hupamhi hwedanda hunofanira kunge huri 0,01 radian - nehupamhi hwehupamhi pa50% yeamplitude. Tichifunga danda yakasimba kona ye1 steradian (yakafanana nekuvharwa kwe50mm kamera lens), ipapo 2500 matanda ega ega angave akakwana munzvimbo iyi. Linearity zvinoreva kuti 2500 matanda angada mashoma e2500 antenna zvinhu mukati meiyo array, izvo zviri, musimboti, zvinogoneka, kunyangwe zvakaoma kuwana. Uye izvi zvese zvichapisa zvakanyanya!
Anosvika 2500 chiteshi, imwe neimwe inotsigira 58 Gb/s, huwandu hukuru hweruzivo - kungotaura, ipapo 145 Tb/s. Kuenzanisa, ese Internet traffic muna 2020 . Nhau dzakanaka kune avo vane hanya nezve yakaderera bandwidth yesatellite internet. Kana boka renyeredzi re30 satellites rikatanga kushanda panosvika 000, traffic yeInternet yepasi rose ingangoita 2026 Tb/sec. Dai hafu yeiyi simba yaunzwa ne ~ 800 masatelliti pamusoro penzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda panguva ipi zvayo, ipapo peak throughput per satellite ingangoita 500 Gbps, iyo inokwira kagumi pane yedu yekutanga macalculation, i.e. kuwanda kwemari kunogona kuwedzera kagumi.
Kune satellite mu 330-kilometer orbit, danda re 0,01 radians rinovhara nzvimbo ye10 sq. km. Munzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda seManhattan, vanhu vanosvika zviuru mazana matatu vanogara munzvimbo iyi. Ko kana vese vakatanga kuona Netflix kamwechete (300 Mbps muHD mhando)? Iyo yakazara data chikumbiro ichava 000 GB/sec, iyo ingangoita 7 nguva iyo yazvino muganhu wakasimba wakatemerwa neFPGA serial interface. Pane nzira mbiri kubva mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, iyo imwe chete inogoneka mumuviri.
Chekutanga ndechekuisa mamwe ma satellite mu orbit kuitira kuti chero nguva pane anodarika makumi matatu neshanu akarembera pamusoro penzvimbo dzinodiwa zvakanyanya. Kana tikatora zvakare 35 steradian yenzvimbo inogamuchirika yedenga uye avhareji orbital altitude ye1 km, tinowana density yemapoka e400 / sq. km, kana 0,0002 pamwero - kana akagoverwa zvakaenzana pamusoro. pamusoro penyika yose. Ngatiyeukei kuti SpaceX yakasarudzwa orbits inowedzera kuvharika pamusoro penzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda mukati me100-000 madhigirii kuchamhembe kwelatitude, uye iko zvino huwandu hwemakumi matatu emasatelliti hunoita semashiripiti.
Pfungwa yechipiri inotonhorera zvakanyanya, asi, zvinosuruvarisa, haigoneki. Rangarira kuti hupamhi hwedanda hunotarwa nehupamhi hweiyo yakakamurwa array antenna. Ko kana akawanda arrays pane akawanda satellite akabatanidza simba kugadzira danda rakatetepa - senge teresikopu seredhiyo seizvi (yakakura kwazvo antenna system)? Iyi nzira inouya nekukanganisika kumwe chete: hwaro pakati pema satellites hunoda kuverengerwa nekungwarira-ne submillimeter kurongeka-kudzikamisa chikamu chedanda. Uye kunyangwe dai izvi zvaibvira, danda raizobuda raizotadza kunge riine mativi emativi, nekuda kwekudzikira kwakadzikira kweboka renyeredzi remudenga. Pasi, hupamhi hwedanda hwaizotetepa kusvika pamamirimita mashoma (zvakakwana kuronda antenna mbozhanhare), asi paizove nemamirioni azvo nekuda kwekusasimba kwepakati. Ndatenda .
Zvinoitika kuti kupatsanurwa kwechiteshi nekusiyana-siyana-mushure mezvose, masatellite akapatsanurwa mudenga-anopa kuvandudzwa kwakaringana mukufambisa pasina kutyora mitemo yefizikisi.
Kushanda
Chii chinonzi Starlink mutengi profile? Nekusagadzikana, aya mazana emamiriyoni evashandisi vane antenna saizi yemabhokisi epizza pamatenga avo, asi kune mamwe masosi emari yakawanda.
Munzvimbo dziri kure nekumaruwa, zviteshi zvepasi hazvidi maantenna akateedzana kuti awedzere kupenya, saka zvidiki zvidiki zvevanyoreri zvinogoneka, kubva kuIoT asset trackers kuenda kunhare dzesatellite dzakabatwa, mabhekoni ekukurumidzira kana zviridzwa zvesainzi zvekutevera mhuka.
Munzvimbo dzakaoma dzemudhorobha, Starlink ichapa yekutanga uye backup backhaul kune cellular network. Imwe neimwe sero shongwe inogona kunge iine chiteshi chepamusoro chepasi pamusoro, asi shandisa pasi-based magetsi ekuwedzera uye ekupedzisira-mamaira kutapurirana.
Chekupedzisira, kunyangwe munzvimbo dzakatsvikinyidzana panguva yekutanga kuburitswa, zvikumbiro zvepasi-orbit satellite zvine yakasarudzika yakaderera latency zvinogoneka. Makambani ezvemari pachawo anoisa mari yakawanda mumaoko ako - kungowana data rakakosha kubva kumativi ese epasi nekukurumidza zvishoma. Uye kunyangwe data kuburikidza neStarlink iine rwendo rurefu kupfuura zvakajairwa - kuburikidza nenzvimbo - kumhanya kwechiedza kuparadzira mune vacuum iri 50% yakakwirira kupfuura mugirazi requartz, uye izvi zvinodarika zvinogadzira mutsauko kana uchifambisa madaro marefu.
Migumisiro yakaipa
Chikamu chekupedzisira chinobata nemhedzisiro yakaipa. Chinangwa chechinyorwa ndechekukubvisa pane chero pfungwa dzisiridzo pamusoro pechirongwa, uye mhedzisiro yakaipa yekupokana ndiyo inonyanya kunetsa. Ndichapa mamwe mashoko, ndichirega kududzira kusingakoshi. Ini handisati ndiri clairvoyant, uye ini handina chero mukati kubva SpaceX.
Sekuona kwangu, mhedzisiro yakakomba inobva pakuwedzera kuwana kuInternet. Kunyangwe muguta rangu rekumusha rePasadena, guta rine simba uye tech-savvy revanhu vanopfuura miriyoni iro rinogara kune akati wandei maobservatories, yunivhesiti yepasi rose, uye nzvimbo huru yeNASA, sarudzo kana zvasvika kune masevhisi eInternet ishoma. Mhiri kweUS nepasirese, Indaneti yave basa reveruzhinji rinotsvaga rendi, maISPs ari kungoyedza kuita mamirioni makumi mashanu emadhora pamwedzi munzvimbo inotonhorera, isina kukwikwidza. Zvichida, chero sevhisi inopihwa kumafurati uye zvivakwa zvekugara ibasa revanhu vese, asi mhando yebasa reInternet haina kuenzana kupfuura mvura, magetsi kana gasi.
Dambudziko nemamiriro ezvinhu nderokuti, kusiyana nemvura, magetsi kana gasi, Indaneti ichiri muduku uye inokura nokukurumidza. Isu tiri kugara tichitsvaga mashandisirwo matsva ayo. Izvo zvakanyanya shanduko zvinhu hazvisati zvawanikwa, asi zvirongwa zvepakeji zvinokanganisa mukana wemakwikwi uye hunyanzvi. Mabhirioni avanhu akasiiwa nekuda kwemamiriro ekuzvarwa, kana nekuti nyika yavo iri kure zvakanyanya kubva kune submarine cable nzira. IInternet ichiri kuendeswa kumatunhu makuru epasi ne geostationary satellites, nemitengo yekubiridzira.
Starlink, iyo inoramba ichiparadzira iyo Internet kubva kudenga, inotyora iyi modhi. Ini handisati ndaziva imwe nzira iri nani yekubatanidza mabhiriyoni evanhu kuInternet. SpaceX iri munzira yekuve mupi webasa reInternet uye, pamwe, kambani yeInternet inokwikwidza Google neFacebook. Ndinobheja kuti hauna kumbofunga nezvazvo.
Hazvisi pachena kuti satellite Internet ndiyo yakanakisa sarudzo. SpaceX uye SpaceX chete ndiyo inokwanisa kukurumidza kugadzira boka renyeredzi resatellite, nekuti chete yakapedza makore gumi ichityora hurumende-yemauto monopoly pakuvhurwa kwezvikepe. Kunyangwe kana Iridium yaizopfuura nharembozha mumusika zvakapetwa kagumi, yaisazowana kugamuchirwa kwakapararira uchishandisa mapedhi ekutanga echinyakare. Pasina SpaceX uye yakasarudzika bhizinesi modhi, pane mukana wakanaka wepasirese satellite internet yaisazomboitika.
Kurova kukuru kwechipiri kuchave kwekuongorora nyeredzi. Mushure mekutangwa kwemasatellite ekutanga makumi matanhatu eStarlink, pakava nekutsoropodza kubva kunharaunda yepasirese yezvenyeredzi, ichiti kuwanda kwakapetwa huwandu hwemasatelliti kwaizovharisa kusvika kwavo kudenga kwehusiku. Pane chirevo chinoti: pakati pevazivi venyeredzi, iyo ine telescope huru ndiyo inotonhorera. Pasina kuwedzeredza, kuita ruzivo rwenyeredzi munguva yemazuva ano ibasa rinotyisa, rinoyeuchidza kurwisana kunoramba kuripo kuvandudza kunaka kwekuongorora kunopesana nemusana wekukura kwekusvibiswa kwechiedza uye mamwe manyuko eruzha.
Chinhu chekupedzisira chinodiwa nenyanzvi dzemuchadenga zviuru zvemasatellite anopenya anopenya pakatarisana neteresikopu. Chokwadi, boka renyeredzi rekutanga reIridium rakawana mukurumbira wekugadzira "flare" nekuda kwemapaneru makuru airatidza chiedza chezuva munzvimbo diki dzePasi. Zvakaitika kuti vakazosvika pakupenya kwechikamu chechina cheMwedzi uye dzimwe nguva vakakuvadza netsaona masensa enyeredzi. Kutya kuti Starlink inopinda nechisimba mabhendi eredhiyo anoshandiswa muredhiyo nyeredzi zvakare hazvina musoro.
Kana iwe ukadhawunirodha setiraiti yekutevera app, unogona kuona akawanda emasatellite achibhururuka mudenga manheru akajeka. Satellite anoonekwa zuva ranyura uye kusati kwaedza, asi chete kana akavhenekerwa nemwaranzi yezuva. Gare gare pakati pehusiku, masatellite haaonekwe mumumvuri wePasi. Madiki, ari kure zvakanyanya, anofamba nekukurumidza. Pane mukana wekuti vanozovharidzira nyeredzi iri kure zvishoma pane millisecond, asi ini ndinofunga kunyangwe kuona ichi chichava hemorrhoid.
Kunetseka kwakasimba pamusoro pekuvhenekera kwedenga kwakasimuka kubva pakuti mutsara wemasatelliti ekutanga kwekutanga wakavakwa padyo neiyo Terminator yePasi, i.e. Husiku nehusiku, Europe - uye yaive chirimo - yakatarisa mufananidzo weiyo epic yemasatellite achibhururuka mudenga manheru manheru. Kupfuurirazve, kutevedzera kwakavakirwa pamishumo yeFCC kwakaratidza kuti masetelliti ari munzira yemakiromita 1150 aizoonekwa kunyangwe mushure merubvunzavaeni rwenyeredzi rwapfuura. Kazhinji, rubvunzavaeni runopfuura nematanho matatu: civil, maritime and astronomical, i.e. apo zuva riri 6, 12 uye 18 madhigirii pasi pehorizoni, zvichiteerana. Pakupera kwerubvunzavaeni rwemuchadenga, mwaranzi yezuva inenge 650 km kubva pamusoro pakakwirira, kunze kwemhepo uye yakawanda yepasi pasi orbit. Kubva pane data kubva , Ndinotenda kuti masatellite ese achaiswa pakakwirira pasi pe600 km. Muchiitiko ichi, dzaizoonekwa manheru, asi kwete mushure mehusiku, zvichideredza zvakanyanya kukanganisa kunogona kuitika pakuongorora nyeredzi.
Dambudziko rechitatu imarara ari mu orbit. IN Ndakaratidza kuti ma satellites nemarara ari pasi pe 600 km zvichawira kunze kwekutenderera mukati memakore mashomanana - nekuda kwekudhonza kwemhepo, zvichideredza zvakanyanya mukana weKessler syndrome. SpaceX iri kuvhiringa netsvina sekunge haina basa nejunk yemuchadenga zvachose. Pano ndiri kutarisa ruzivo rweStarlink kuita, uye ndiri kuomerwa nekufungidzira nzira iri nani yekudzikisa huwandu hwemarara mu orbit.
Iwo ma satellite anotangwa kusvika pakakwirira 350 km, zvino, achishandisa injini dzakavakirwa-mukati, anobhururuka achienda kunzira yaanoda. Chero setiraiti inofa panguva yekuvhurwa ichave kunze kwekutenderera mukati memavhiki mashoma, uye haizove ichitenderera kune imwe nzvimbo yakakwirira kwechiuru chemakore anotevera. Kuiswa uku zvine hungwaru kunosanganisira kuyedzwa kupinda mahara. Kupfuurirazve, Starlink satellite akati sandara muchinjika-chikamu, zvinoreva kuti kana arasikirwa neukwiriri hwekutonga, anopinda mukati memhepo yakakora.
Vashoma vanhu vanoziva kuti SpaceX yakava piyona mune zvemuchadenga nekushandisa dzimwe mhando dzekuisa panzvimbo ye squibs. Anenge ese mawebhusaiti ekuvhura anoshandisa squibs kana achiisa nhanho, setiraiti, fairings, nezvimwewo, nezvimwe, nekudaro zvichiwedzera huwandu hunogona kuitika hwemarara. SpaceX zvakare inobvisa nemaune nhanho dzepamusoro kubva pakutenderera, ichidzidzivirira kubva kurembera muchadenga nekusingaperi, kuitira kuti irege kushatisa uye iparare munzvimbo yakaoma yechadenga.
Chekupedzisira, nyaya yekupedzisira yandinoda kutaura mukana wekuti SpaceX ichabvisa iyo iripo internet monopoly nekugadzira yayo. Mune niche yayo, SpaceX inototonga kuvhurwa. Chete chishuwo chehurumende dzinokwikwidza kuwana vimbiso yekuwana nzvimbo inodzivirira zvombo zvinodhura uye zvechinyakare, izvo zvinowanzounganidzwa nemakondirakiti makuru ekudzivirira ekudzivirira, kubva pakuraswa.
Hazvina kuoma kudaro kufungidzira SpaceX ichivhura zviuru zvitanhatu zvema satellite ayo gore rega rega muna 2030, pamwe neashoma spy satellite nekuda kwekare. Yakachipa uye yakavimbika setiraiti SpaceX ichatengesa "rack nzvimbo" yechitatu-bato zvishandiso. Chero yunivhesiti inogona kugadzira nzvimbo-inogona kushandiswa kamera inozokwanisa kuivhura mu orbit pasina kutakura mutengo wekuvaka nzvimbo yese chikuva. Nekukwira kwakadaro uye kusingabvumirwe kuwana nzvimbo, Starlink yatove yakabatana nemasetellite, nepo vagadziri venhoroondo vari kuita chinhu chekare.
Nhoroondo ine mienzaniso yemakambani anofunga zvemberi akatora niche yakakura kudaro pamusika zvekuti mazita avo akazova mazita emhuri: Hoover, Westinghouse, Kleenex, Google, Frisbee, Xerox, Kodak, Motorola, IBM.
Dambudziko rinogona kumuka apo kambani yemapiyona inobata maitiro ekurwisana nemakwikwi kuitira kuchengetedza chikamu chayo chemusika, kunyange zvazvo izvi zvagara zvichibvumirwa kubva Mutungamiri Reagan. SpaceX inogona kuchengetedza iyo Starlink monopoly, ichimanikidza vamwe vanogadzira nyeredzi dzenyeredzi kuti vatangise masatelliti pavintage Soviet maroketi. Zviito zvakafanana zvakaitwa , pamwe chete nekugadzirisa mitengo yekufambisa tsamba, zvakaita kuti iparare muna 1934. Neraki, SpaceX haifanire kuchengetedza mhedziso yekutonga pamaroketi anogona kushandiswa zvachose zvachose.
Chinotonyanya kunetsa ndechekuti SpaceX kutumira makumi ezviuru zveakadzika-orbit satellites inogona kugadzirwa semubatanidzwa weiyo commons. Kambani yakazvimiririra, ichitsvaga pfuma yega, iri kutora hutongi hwechigarire hwenzvimbo dzaimbowanikwa neruzhinji uye dzisina munhu orbital zvinzvimbo. Uye nepo hunyanzvi hweSpaceX hwakaita kuti zvikwanise kuita mari muvacuum, yakawanda yeSpaceX's intellictual capital yakavakwa nemabhiriyoni emadhora mumabhajeti ekutsvagisa.
Kune rimwe divi, isu tinoda mitemo inochengetedza yakavanzika mari, yekutsvagisa nekusimudzira mari. Pasina dziviriro iyi, vanovandudza havazokwanisi kupa mari mapurojekiti anoda chinzvimbo kana kufambisa makambani avo kunzvimbo dzavachapihwa dziviriro yakadaro. Chero zvazvingava, veruzhinji vanotambura nekuti purofiti haiwanikwe. Nekune rimwe divi, tinoda mitemo inochengetedza vanhu, ivo varidzi vezvibvumirano zvese kusanganisira denga, kubva kumasangano akazvimirira anotora zvinhu zvevanhu. Pachezvayo, hapana chimwe kana chimwe chiri chechokwadi kana kuti chinogoneka. Zviitiko zveSpaceX zvinopa mukana wekuwana nzvimbo yepakati mumusika mutsva uyu. Tichanzwisisa kuti yakawanikwa patinowedzera kuwanda kwezvitsva uye kusikwa kwehutano hwevanhu.
Pfungwa dzekupedzisira
Ndakanyora chinyorwa ichi mushure mekupedza imwe - . Yave svondo rinopisa. Ose ari maviri Starship uye Starlink tekinoroji ekuchinja ari kugadzirwa pamberi pemeso edu, muhupenyu hwedu. Kana ndikatarisa vazukuru vangu vachikura, vachashamiswa zvikuru kuti ini ndiri mukuru kune Starlink, pane kuti pandakanga ndichiri mwana pakanga pasina mafoni (mamuseum ekuratidzira) kana Indaneti yeruzhinji pachayo.
Vapfumi nemauto vanga vachishandisa satellite Internet kwenguva yakareba, asi inowanikwa, yakajairika uye yakachipa Starlink pasina Starship hazvigoneke.
Vanga vachitaura nezvekutanga kwenguva yakareba, asi Starship, yakachipa kwazvo uye saka inonakidza chikuva, haigoneki pasina Starlink.
Kuongorora kwenzvimbo kwave kutaurwa kwenguva yakareba, uye kana iwe... , wobva wava nechiedza chegirini. NeStarship uye Starlink, kuongorora kwenzvimbo yemunhu chinhu chinogoneka, chiri pedyo-nenguva yemberi, chingori chinhambwe chedombo kubva kuchiteshi che orbital kuenda kumaguta ane maindasitiri munzvimbo yakadzika.
Source: www.habr.com