Tsigiro yehunyanzvi. Imarii yaungaite kubva pane izvi? (Chikamu 1 - Russia)

Pane fungidziro isiriyo pamusika yekuti mabasa ekutsigira ndeevadzidzi vasina ruzivo chete. Vanoti iri ndiro danho rekutanga, uye basa rako remangwana richakura “zvichienderana…”. Mukuita, nyanzvi yekutsigira yakanaka, senge, semuenzaniso, muedzi akanaka, kudanwa. Zvese basa uye muhoro kukura zvinogoneka pano.
Kuongorora kwemusika kubva kuvagadziri Help Desk systems Okdesk.

Isu tinotaurirana zuva nezuva nevakawanda vevanhu vanopa rutsigiro rwevatengi uye sevhisi yevatengi, uye isu takafarira kunzwisisa kuti musika wekuRussia wevacancy wakaita sei munzvimbo ino. Chii chinonzi "customer" uye "technical" rutsigiro? Chii chakasiyana? Ndeapi "mazinga" ehunyanzvi? Zvinoita here kuwana mari kubva pane izvi uye yakawanda sei? Mhinduro kubva pakudzidza kwakadaro kwekutanga dziri pasi pekucheka. Kana mumwe munhu ane usimbe hwekuverenga, saka nhamba huru dzakakosha uye mhedziso dziri pamagumo echinyorwa chino.

Zvinyorwa zvishoma zvakakosha usati waverenga

• Mishumo yepamutemo yakavhurika ye "vashandi vevashandi" muchikamu ichi haisati yavandudzwa kwenguva yakareba - SuperJob ine data razvino ra2013 (zvisati zvasvika - ra2011), saka isu tichavimba ne2 masosi: yakataurwa "yepamutemo" mushumo. netsvakiridzo dzedu pachedu muDatabhesi reYandex.Basa rinounganidza data kubva kune akasiyana evashandi portals (kubvira Chikunguru-Nyamavhuvhu 2017).
• Izvo zvakapihwa huwandu hwekufungidzira (chikamu chezvinzvimbo, zvichienderana neruzivo, nezvimwewo) zvakaitwa zvichienderana nehuwandu hwemakambani, kwete kushambadza. Tinotenda kuti izvi hazvina kukanganisa kururama, sezvo nhamba yezviziviso isingatauri chero zvazvinoreva: mamwe makambani anotumira zviziviso zvakati kuti zvizadze munhu mumwe chete, mamwe anoisa chiziviso chimwe chete kuti ahaye dhipatimendi rose. Ndiko kuti, isu hatina kuunza chero kukanganisa kwakawedzerwa.
• Pakazara, nzvimbo dzemakambani e1025 muRussia yose dzakatariswa, iyo 930, payakaburitswa, yakarongedza zvirevo zvavo sechikamu cheIT. Mihoro mune zviziviso zvakaratidzwa kumakambani e436 chete (394 kubva kuIT), zvisinei, hazvisi nguva dzose zvakajeka kubva muzvinyorwa zvezviziviso kana nhamba yacho yakabudiswa isati yasvika kana mushure memitero (chena kana grey). Kana tichitaura manhamba muchinyorwa chino, takafunga kuti iyi ndiyo mari inotambirwa nemushandi mumunhu. Nekudaro, isu tichagara zvakare mune zvakadzama nezve "akawanda-mavara" mihoro pakupera kweiyi positi.

Kana mhinduro yenharaunda yakanaka, tichaedza kuita ongororo dzakadaro nguva nenguva, uye isu tichashandisa zvaunofunga senzvimbo yekutanga data.

Kutsigira kupatsanurwa

Usati wataura pamusoro pemari, zvakakosha kugadzirisa zvinyorwa zvakananga panyaya yemazwi.
Kutsigira kunogona kukamurwa kuita:

• "Technical". Ndokunge, imwe iyo inotariswa zvakanyanya pakugadzirisa matambudziko ehunyanzvi (kazhinji nezvivakwa, software inotsigirwa kana imwe michina).
• "Mutengi" (Basa reMutengi kana Tsigiro yeVatengi). Imwe iyo inonyanya kutariswa ndeyekusangana nezvinodiwa nevatengi. Rudzi urwu rwerutsigiro runozivikanwa kunyanya mu b2c. Uye chikamu ichi cherutsigiro chine chinangwa chekuvaka hukama hwenguva refu nevashandisi vasina munhu. Inonyanya kushandiswa mumabhangi, zvitoro zvepamhepo, nezvimwe.

Zvakanyatsozvimiririra pane izvi, tinogona kusiyanisa pakati pekutsigirwa kwemukati nekunze, kunyange kune nyika yedu zvichiri kuoma kusiyanisa "rutsigiro rwemukati" sechinhu chipi zvacho kunze kwe "technical".
Isu takanyora zvakawanda nezve kupatsanurwa kwerutsigiro uye otomatiki masisitimu akagadzirirwa imwe neimwe yeaya makirasi pano и pano.

Zvakakoshawo kuti masangano ekutsvaga basa anodhinda anotangazve, mabasa uye analytics haawanzo kupatsanura nzvimbo idzi dzebasa, achidana zvese "rutsigiro rwehunyanzvi" uye kugovera vavhoti chete nezita rebasa. Panguva yekuongorora kweYandex.Works inopa Isu takangowana makambani makumi mana nemasere ane mabasa anoenderana nemibvunzo "rutsigiro rwevatengi" / "rutsigiro rwevatengi". Uyezve, mamwe emabasa (mumakambani manomwe) aireva kuita kwemabasa ekutsigira tekinoroji, mamwe makambani mapfumbamwe akashandisa mazwi aya kutsvaga mukuru wenzvimbo yekufona kana dhipatimendi rimwechete rekutsigira tekinoroji.

Mumusika wekuMadokero (zvimwe pane izvi mune inotevera positi), unogona kuona kupatsanurwa kwakajeka kwezvinzvimbo muvatengi uye hunyanzvi. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvinodikanwa zvevanoda kukwikwidza zvakasiyana zvinoshamisa. Mukutsigirwa kwevatengi, zvinonyanya kukosha kuva "psychologist" uye kukwanisa kutaura zvakanaka. Ruzivo rwehunyanzvi rwakakosha murutsigiro rwehunyanzvi. Uye "techies" vanoda uye vanoziva nzira yekutaurirana nevatengi vanowanzokodzera huremu hwavo mugoridhe.

"Tafura yezviyero" kubva kune vashandi vevashandi

Pamusoro pemusiyano uri pachena pakati pezvinzvimbo (mutyairi / nyanzvi / mainjiniya / maneja), masangano ekutora vanhu anoshandisa chikamu chinoenderana nemabasa akataurwa pachinzvimbo uye zvinodiwa paruzivo uye ruzivo rwebasa. Dzimwe nguva kupatsanurwa kwavo nemazinga kunovhiringika nekupatsanurwa kuita mitsetse yekutsigira mukati meimwe kambani. Asi kazhinji pfungwa idzi hadzigoni kusanganiswa. Mitsetse yekutsigira mukati mekambani ndeye mabhizinesi maitiro, kazhinji akasiyana kune yega yega kambani, uye vashandi "matanho" ndeye hunyanzvi uye ruzivo rwenyanzvi.

"Mutsetse wekutanga werutsigiro" kana nzvimbo dzekutanga

Kupesana nezviri pamusoro apa disclaimer, kuzivikanwa kwekutanga basa nhanho uye mutsara wekutanga wetsigiro yehunyanzvi maererano nemaitiro ebhizinesi inogamuchirwa. Mutsetse wekutanga werutsigiro une zvidiki zvinodiwa paruzivo rwehunyanzvi; zvinoenderana, zvinoda vanhu vane ruzivo rushoma uye kugona. Zvisinei, mihoro yakaderera pano.
Pakati pezvakajairika zvinodiwa:

• kunzwisiswa kwakawanda kwe "hardware" (somuenzaniso, PC hardware, peripherals uye midziyo yehofisi, kana tiri kutaura pamusoro peT support);
• kupfava;
• kuramba kushushikana uye humwe hunhu hunosarudza kugona kutaurirana zvakakwana nevashandisi.

Panhanho iyi hapana chikonzero chedzidzo yepamusoro, uye mutauro wekunze hautombodiwi (nezvisingawanzo siyana).

Mutsara wekutanga wekutsigirwa. Mihoro

Mihoro inowanzosiyana zvichienderana neguta iro mushandirwi ari. Vazhinji vavo vari muMoscow, zvishoma pane zvose (pakati pemaguta makuru) muVolgograd.
Muna 2013, padanho iri munhu anogona kuverenga mari kubva 11 kusvika 25 zviuru rubles. Panguva ino pakati pezvinzvimbo zvine mihoro yakashambadzirwa, iyo inopa inosiyana kubva 15 kusvika 35 zviuru rubles.

Zvekare, pane zvinzvimbo pamusika zvine mubhadharo wepamusoro wepamusoro, asi kazhinji mushure mekudzidza zvirimo zvinobuda pachena kuti ndevemazinga epamusoro - zvinoda ruzivo rwebasa mundima dzine hukama, hunyanzvi husina mwero kana dzidzo chaiyo. Izvo zvakaoma kutora munhoroondo muhuwandu hwehuwandu.

Imwezve caveat - pa "nhanho iyi" chete 45% yezvinzvimbo zvine ruzivo rwemuhoro. A Pakazara, 20% inopa mabasa pasina ruzivo yezvese zvakaburitswa technical support vacancies.

Level "Takashambira, tinoziva"

Tichitarisa nemagwaro ezvinzvimbo zvakaburitswa, zvinzvimbo pa "chikamu chechipiri", 1-2 makore echiitiko chebasa chinodiwa, asi nyanzvi dzisina ruzivo rwekutsigira tekinoroji dzinogona kuzvinyorerawo. Zvisinei, munyaya iyi, ruzivo munzvimbo dzakabatana, somuenzaniso, mukutengesa chero midziyo, inova yakakosha.

Maererano neSuperJob data kubva makore mana apfuura, padanho iri, nyanzvi dzinogona kuvimba nemari yegumi nemashanu kusvika makumi matatu ezviuru zveRubles..

"Nyanzvi" rubatsiro rwehunyanzvi

Mune SuperJob mazwi, vakwikwidzi vanosvika padanho iri mushure megore rebasa uye neruzivo rwekutanga "administrative":

• kukwanisa kuwana zvikanganiso;
• kunzwisisa kwekushanda kwemakombiyuta masisitimu uye network;
• Ruzivo rwekuisa nekugadzirisa Hardware uye software.

Zvinodiwa zvedzidzo yepamusoro zvinoonekwa kakawanda mushambadziro. Kuziva Chirungu - kunyanya kuverenga zvinyorwa.

Nhamba dzemakore mana apfuura dzinoratidza mari muhuwandu kubva ku16 kusvika ku42 zviuru rubles. Yazvino data kubva kuYandex.Works - kubva 20 kusvika 100 zviuru rubles, zvichienderana neguta uye mugove we "admin" basa.

saka kune vashoma vacancies vane mari inodarika zviuru makumi matanhatu rubles, saka, zvakasiyana-siyana zvakadaro hazvifaniri kutsausa: 70-100 zviuru zveRubles muchikamu ichi zvinogamuchirwa ne "nyeredzi".

Pahuwandu hwehuwandu hwemabasa ekutsigira, 57% vanotarisira makore 1-2 echiitiko, 11% vanotarisira makore 3-5 echiitiko. ZVIMWE ruzivo runodiwa mune dzimwe nyaya dzinoshamisa (panguva yekuongorora, 3 chete vacancies inotarisirwa kuti vavhoti vave neanopfuura makore matanhatu echiitiko).

Kubva kudenga kusvika panyika kana mamiriro chaiwo ezvinhu

Vazhinji vashandirwi vakakura - makambani anogona kupa muhoro wakanaka kana tarisiro huru - haaratidze mihoro muzviziviso, vachisarudza kudoma mutengo wekupedzisira mushure mekutaurirana nemunhu mukwikwidzi.

Sekureva kweDenderedzwa Rangu, ingangoita yega yechishanu nzvimbo muchikamu cheIT haina data remuhoro - uye iyi i20% yemusika.! Nenzira, kana iwe usingavimbi nenhamba dzeH HR kubva kuzvinyorwa, asi vhura Yandex.Work, ipapo kunze kwemakambani anopfuura 1000 anopa mabasa ekutsigira tekinoroji muRussia, Isingasviki hafu yezvinzvimbo zvine data yemuhoro inoburitswa (mukuedza kwedu - zvishoma kudarika 400).

Nenzira, nhamba dzemasangano ekutora vanhu dzinosanganisira angave mabhizinesi ari kuwedzera rutsigiro rwehunyanzvi (kuunganidza vashandi vatsva) kana zvikamu zveindasitiri zvinoratidzwa nekuwanda kwevashandi. Nekudaro mari yakaderera pamusika wese - huwandu hwehuwandu hunoenderana nemutengo wakaderera (mihoro yenyanzvi dzekutanga inosanganisirwa mumishumo ine huremu hukuru).

Zvimwe zvinonaka

Mari yemushandi haingoratidzwi mumari chete. Kushaikwa kwemuhoro dzimwe nguva kunotsiviwa neakasiyana akabhadharwa sarudzo - yekuzvidira inishuwarenzi yehutano, masikati, yekufambisa yemakambani kubva kumetro, makirabhu ekusimba, zvidzidzo zveChirungu uye kumwe kudzidziswa.

Makambani akati wandei anofarira "kukura" rutsigiro rwehunyanzvi ivo pachavo. Muchiitiko ichi, misimboti yekutsvagisa mabasa akavhurika pakutanga akasiyana. Kunyanya kurongwa kudzidzisa vakwikwidzi, kunodzikira zvinodiwa zveruzivo uye ruzivo padanho rekubvumidzwa, uye kudzikisa muhoro wakavimbiswa pakutanga. Pamusika wevashandi wemaguta makuru iwe unogona kugara uchiwana akati wandei mapeji ekudzidzira asina kubhadharwa zvachose. Mubairo wekupa kune akadzidziswa mukwikwidzi (kana akabudirira musanganiswa wemamiriro ezvinhu) anozoitwa chete pakupera kweiyo internship.

Multi-mavara mihoro

Chimwe chinhu ndecheupfumi. Mihoro yevatema negrey iripo, uye mukurumbira wavo (maererano nemasangano anotora vanhu basa) uri kukura kunyangwe zvakayedzwa nehurumende "kuchenesa" bhizinesi. Hazvibviri kupa mazano ekupa kugoverwa kwakajeka kwemihoro uchifunga nezvechinhu ichi.

Remote technical rutsigiro uye kubatana

Kune vakawanda uye vashandi "vari kure". Nenzira, muU.SA, paavhareji, nyanzvi dzekutsigira tekinoroji dzinowana zvakatowanda kupfuura avo vanoshanda muhofisi. Isu hatina chero nhamba dzebasa dziri kure. Isu tinongoziva kuti kune 3-4 nguva dzakawanda mhinduro kune nzvimbo dziri kure, i.e. pane kudiwa kukuru kwebasa rakadaro. Panguva imwecheteyo, munharaunda dzeIT indasitiri, maererano ne "My Circle", atove munhu wese wechitatu anoshanda kure.

Mumusika wevashandi veRussia vachiri kuda kuchengetedza pakukwezva nyanzvi dzakamanikana nekubhadhara "multi-machine operators". Semuenzaniso, kutsigirwa kwevatengi dzimwe nguva kunosanganiswa nekutengesa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, zviziviso zvinoonekwa zvekuhaya vatengesi vane manejimendi / tsigiro hunyanzvi uye, neimwe nzira, vatariri vane kugona kutengesa nekutsigira. Hazvibviri kufunga nezvemihoro yevashandi vakadaro muhuwandu hwehuwandu.

Kune rumwe rutivi, nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinokwanisa, sezvatakanyora, dzinoshanda mabasa akawanda panguva imwe chete, uye uyu ndiwo mumwe mukana wekuwedzera zvakanyanya mari yavo.

Mhedzisiro yekuongorora ndiyo mufananidzo wose

Kunyange zvazvo nhamba chaidzo dziri kuramba dzichichinja, maitiro akajairwa maererano nekupinza basa kwenyanzvi dzerutsigiro achiripo.

Kazhinji kacho, basa renyanzvi dzakadaro rinotanga mumadhipatimendi ane kutsanangurwa kwakawanda kana kushoma kwemabasa - kwaunogona kuratidza mutsara wekutanga neakareruka mabasa (uye, maererano, zvidiki zvinodiwa paruzivo rwemumiriri). Idzi dzinogona kunge dziri nzvimbo dzekufona dzevanopa Internet kana zvimiro zvakafanana. Pano havatarise zvakanyanya paruzivo, asi pa "universal" hunyanzvi uye kugona:

• stress resistance,
• kuverenga,
• ruremekedzo,
• kurangwa,
• kutaura kwakachena.

Kunyangwe kana aya ma parameter asina kutaurwa mukushambadzira, neimwe nzira kana imwe, vashandirwi vazhinji vanovaongorora panguva yekuedzwa.

Nekuvandudzwa kweunyanzvi hwekuda, zvisinei nehuwandu hwenyanzvi, mihoro inowedzerawo. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, kuwedzera kwemari kunokonzerwa ne:

• dzidzo yepamusorosoro yehunyanzvi (kana dzidzo yakakosha, kana tichitaura nezve maindasitiri akadai semhepo inotonhorera);
• mutauro wekune dzimwe nyika - kazhinji Chirungu, asi kunewo zvikumbiro zvisiri-standard;
• ruzivo rwemitemo mune imwe nzvimbo kana nheyo dzekuverenga (kazhinji basa rekutsigira rinosanganisira mazano panyaya dzemari, kunyanya, sarudzo yekubhadhara nzira dzebasa kana kudzoka).

Unyanzvi hwehunyanzvi uye kugona kuzvimiririra kugadzirisa matambudziko makuru kunogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya muhoro wako. (shanduko kune chinzvimbo chekutsigira mainjiniya mune imwe yenzvimbo dzakamanikana). Uye muhoro unotevera "kusvetuka" kunoitika apo nyanzvi inotora chikamu chebasa rekutonga - inoshanduka kuita musoro weboka kana kupatsanura.

Panzvimbo pemhedziso kana nhamba dzakakosha

Makambani ese ane nzvimbo dzekutsigira muRussia muna Chikunguru-Nyamavhuvhu 2017: 1025.
Kusanganisira muhoro: 436 (42,5%).
Makambani ane nzvimbo dzekutsigira muIndastiri yeIT: 930 (91% yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwemakambani ane nzvimbo dzekutsigira).
Pane izvi, zvichiratidza muhoro: 394 (42% yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwemakambani ane vacancies mukutsigira muchikamu cheIT).

Pazasi isu tiri kutaura chete nezve IT vacancies:

• Pasina ruzivo: 187 (20% yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwemakambani ane zvigaro mukutsigirwa muchikamu cheIT), iyo 85 (45%) ine muhoro; zvinzvimbo - nyanzvi, injiniya, opareta.
• Zvakaitika 1 - 2 makore: 532 (57%), nemuhoro - 230 (43%); zvinzvimbo - nyanzvi, injiniya, opareta.
• Zvakaitika 3 - 5 makore: 101 (11%), nemuhoro - 33 (32%); zvinzvimbo - maneja, injiniya, nyanzvi.
• 6 kana kupfuura makore echiitiko - 3 chete vacancies (nemuhoro - chete 1); zvinzvimbo - injiniya uye maneja.

Makambani ane vacancies mukutsigirwa kwevatengi / rutsigiro rwevatengi - 48. Pakati peizvi, 9 zvinzvimbo zvekutonga munzvimbo dzekufona uye rutsigiro rwehunyanzvi; 3 yakanyatsoenderana nekutengesa, uye 7 ichokwadi tsigiro yehunyanzvi (sezvinova pachena kubva pakukurumidza kudzidza kwechinyorwa chekushambadzira).

Mubhuku rinotevera tichatarisa mafambiro ari kuita zvinhu kunze kwenyika: rudzii rwemari iripo uye kana paine musiyano pakati perutsigiro rwehunyanzvi nerutsigiro rwevatengi.

Source: www.habr.com