Vesainzi vakakwanisa kuburitsa kutaura kwepfungwa vachishandisa chinoiswa muuropi

Vanhu vakarasikirwa nekugona kutaura nezwi ravo vega vanowanzo shandisa akasiyana matauriro synthesizer. Tekinoroji dzemazuva ano dzinopa mhinduro dzakawanda padambudziko iri: kubva kunyorero yekhibhodi kuenda kune yekunyora mameseji uchishandisa kutarisa uye kuratidzwa kwakakosha. Nekudaro, zvese zviripo zvinogadzirisa zvinononoka, uye zvakanyanya kuomarara mamiriro emunhu, zvinotora nguva yakareba kuti ataipa. Zvinogoneka kuti dambudziko iri richapedzwa munguva pfupi pachishandiswa neural interface, iyo inoshandiswa nenzira yekuisirwa kwakakosha kwemagetsi emagetsi akaiswa zvakananga pahuropi, izvo zvinopa kurongeka kwakanyanya pakuverenga basa rayo, iro system inogona kududzira kuti inzwisise. kutaura.

Vatsvagiri kubva kuYunivhesiti yeCalifornia, San Francisco, mune yavo chinyorwa chemagazini yeNature pana Kubvumbi 25, vakatsanangura kuti vakakwanisa sei kutaura kutaura kwomunhu mundangariro vachishandisa simbisirwa. Sezvinoshumwa, ruzha rwakanga rwusina kururama mune dzimwe nzvimbo, asi mitsara yakakwanisa kudzokororwa zvizere, uye zvinotokosha zvikuru, kunzwisiswa navateereri vokunze. Izvi zvaida makore ekuongorora uye kuenzanisa zviratidzo zvehuropi zvakarekodhwa, uye tekinoroji haisati yagadzirira kushandiswa kunze kwerabhoritari. Zvisinei, kuedza kwacho kwakaratidza kuti “uchishandisa uropi chete, unogona kutsanangura uye kuberekazve kutaura,” anodaro Gopala Anumanchipalli, musayendisiti weuropi nematauriro.

“Michina inotsanangurwa muchidzidzo chitsva ichi inovimbisa kupedzisira yadzoreredza kugona kwevanhu kutaura vakasununguka,” anotsanangura kudaro Frank Guenther, nyanzvi yezveuropiyo paBoston University. "Zvakaoma kuwedzeredza kukosha kweizvi kune vanhu vese ava ... Zvinoshamisa kuparadzanisa uye kutyisa kusakwanisa kutaura zvaunoda uye kungotaurirana nenharaunda."

Sezvatotaurwa, maturusi ekutaura aripo anotsamira pakutaipa mazwi uchishandisa imwe nzira kana imwe anonetesa uye anowanzoburitsa mazwi asingapfuure gumi paminiti. Muzvidzidzo zvakapfuura, masayendisiti akange atoshandisa zviratidzo zvehuropi kuti atore zvidimbu zvidiki zvekutaura, senge mavhawero kana mazwi ega ega, asi nemazwi mashoma kupfuura mubasa idzva.

Anumanchipalli, pamwe chete neurosurgeon Edward Chang uye bioengineer Josh Chartier, vakadzidza vanhu vashanu vaive nemagetsi emagetsi akaiswa kwechinguva muuropi hwavo sechikamu chekurapa pfari. Nemhaka yokuti vanhu ava vaikwanisa kutaura vari voga, vatsvakurudzi vakakwanisa kunyora basa rehuropi sezvo nyaya dzaitaura mitsara. Chikwata chakabva chabatanidza masaini ehuropi anodzora miromo, rurimi, shaya uye dovi nemafambiro chaiwo eizwi. Izvi zvakabvumira masayendisiti kugadzira yakasarudzika dhizaini yezwi kumunhu wega wega.

Vatsvakurudzi vakabva vashandura mafambiro ebhokisi rezwi rezwi kuita manzwi. Kushandisa uyu mutoo “kwakavandudza kutaura ndokuita kuti kuve kwomuzvarirwo zvikuru,” anodaro Chartier. Inenge 70 muzana yemashoko akanyorwa patsva ainzwisiswa nevateereri vaikumbirwa kududzira hurukuro yakasanganiswa. Somuenzaniso, apo mumwe musoro akaedza kuti, “Ita katsi kuti udzivise makonzo,” muteereri akanzwa, “Katsi yecalico kudzivirira tsuro.” Pakazara, mamwe manzwi akanaka, se "sh (sh)." Mamwe, akadai sa "buh" uye "puh", ainzwika zvakapfava.

Iyi tekinoroji inobva pakuziva kuti munhu anoshandisa sei izwi rezwi. Asi vanhu vazhinji havazove neruzivo urwu uye basa rehuropi, sezvo ivo, pamutemo, havagone kutaura nekuda kweuropi sitiroko, kukuvadzwa kwezwi rezwi, kana chirwere chaLou Gehrig (iyo Stephen Hawking akatambura nayo).

"Nekure chipingamupinyi chikuru ndechekuti unoita sei kuvaka decoder iwe usina muenzaniso wekutaura kwaichavakirwa," anodaro Mark Slutsky, neuroscientist uye neuro-engineer paJohns School of Medicine. Feinberg weNorthwestern University muChicago.

Nekudaro, mune dzimwe bvunzo, vaongorori vakawana kuti maalgorithms aishandiswa kushandura mafambiro ezwi rezwi kuita manzwi aive akafanana zvakakwana kubva kumunhu kuenda kumunhu zvekuti anogona kushandiswa zvakare kune vanhu vakasiyana, pamwe kunyangwe avo vasingatombogone kutaura.

Asi panguva ino, kugadzira mepu yepasirese yebasa rezviratidzo zvehuropi zvinoenderana nebasa reizwi rinotaridzika sebasa rakaoma rakakwana kuti rishandise kune vanhu vane matauriro asina kushanda kwenguva yakareba.

Source: 3dnews.ru