Epigraph:
Pane imwe nguva, Hedgehog uye Little Bear vakasangana musango.
- Mhoro, Hedgehog!
- Hello, Little Bear!
Saka, izwi neshoko, kuseka nekuseka, Hedgehog yakarohwa kumeso neDiki Bear...
Pazasi pane nhaurirano kubva kumutungamiri wechikwata chedu, pamwe neRAS Product Development Director Igor Marnat, nezve chaiyo yekunetsana kwebasa uye nzira dzinobvira dzekudzigadzirisa.
Kusawirirana kwakawanda kwatinosangana nako kubasa kunokura zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu akafanana neanotsanangurwa muepigraph pamusoro. Kune vatori vechikamu vakati wandei vakarerekera kune mumwe nemumwe pakutanga; vari kuyedza kugadzirisa imwe nyaya, asi pakupedzisira dambudziko rinoramba risina kugadziriswa, uye nekuda kwechimwe chikonzero hukama pakati pevatori vechikamu munhaurirano hunozoparara.
Upenyu hwakasiyana-siyana, uye misiyano inoitika muchiitiko chinorondedzerwa pamusoro apa. Dzimwe nguva hukama pakati pevatori vechikamu hahuna kunaka pakutanga, dzimwe nguva hapana kana nyaya inoda mhinduro yakananga (semuenzaniso, mu epigraph), dzimwe nguva mushure mekukurukurirana hukama hunoramba hwakafanana nekutanga, asi. nyaya yacho haina kupedzwa.
Chii chinowanzoitika mumamiriro ese ezvinhu anogona kutsanangurwa semamiriro ekunetsana kwebasa?
Kutanga, kune mativi maviri kana anopfuura. Mapato aya anogona kutora nzvimbo dzakasiyana musangano, kuve muhukama hwekuenzana (vaanoshanda navo muchikwata), kana pamatanho akasiyana ehutungamiriri (boss - subordinate), kuve munhu (mushandi) kana boka (muzviitiko zvekukonana pakati pemunhu. mushandi uye timu kana zvikwata zviviri), zvichingodaro. Mukana wekukonana uye kureruka kwekugadzirisa kwayo kunokonzerwa zvakanyanya nehuwandu hwekuvimba pakati pevatori vechikamu. Kana mapato achizivana, kunowedzera kuvimbana, ndiko kuwedzerawo mukana wekuti vazosvika pakubvumirana. Semuenzaniso, nhengo dzechikwata chakagoverwa dzisati dzamboonana chiso nechiso dzinowanzosangana nekukakavadzana pamusoro penyaya yebasa iri nyore kupfuura vanhu vakamboita zvishomanana zviso zvakatarisana. Naizvozvo, kana uchishanda muzvikwata zvakagoverwa, zvakakosha kuve nechokwadi chekuti nhengo dzese dzechikwata dzinosangana nguva nenguva pachedu.
Chechipiri, mumamiriro ezvinhu emakakatanwa kubasa, mapato ari mumamiriro ezvinhu ekugadzirisa imwe nyaya yakakosha kune rimwe remapato, kune ese ari maviri, kana kusangano rose. Panguva imwecheteyo, nekuda kweiyo mamiriro ezvinhu, mapato anowanzo kuve nenguva yakakwana uye nzira dzakasiyana dzekuzvigadzirisa (zvakarongeka, zvisina kurongeka, misangano, tsamba, sarudzo dzemaneja, kuvapo kwezvinangwa uye zvirongwa zvechikwata, chokwadi chehierarchy, nezvimwewo). Izvi zvakasiyana nemamiriro ekugadzirisa nyaya yebasa (kana isiri yebasa) musangano kubva, semuenzaniso, kugadzirisa mubvunzo unokosha: "Eh, kid, iwe unobva kupi?!" mumugwagwa, kana kukakavara kubva epigraph. Muchiitiko chekugadzirisa nyaya yebasa, hutano hwekushanda kwebasa uye tsika yekugadzirisa nyaya munyaya yeboka.
Chechitatu, chinotaridza kupokana (kubva pakuona kwenhaurirano yedu) inyaya yekuti mapato ari muchirongwa haagone kuuya akazvimirira kumhinduro yenyaya inokodzera mapato ese. Mamiriro acho anoda kupindira kwevatatu, mutongi wekunze. Iyi pfungwa inogona kuita seyakakakavadzana, asi, chaizvoizvo, kana mamiriro ekukonana akagadziriswa zvakanaka pasina kupindira kwemutongi wekunze, nyaya yacho yakagadziriswa nekubudirira uye hukama hwemapato hauna kuipa, iyi ndiyo mamiriro atinofanira kuedza. . Isu tingangodaro tisingatomboziva nezve gakava rakadaro, kana isu tichazviwana nemukana mushure mekugadziriswa. Iyo yakawanda nyaya iyo timu inogona kugadzirisa yega, iyo inowedzera kushanda kwayo.
Chimwe chimiro chekukonana kunofanirwa kubata pairi chiyero chekunyanya manzwiro panguva yesarudzo. Kusawirirana hakurevi hazvo kuti kune chokuita nehupamhi hwepfungwa. Vatori vechikamu havafanirwe kusheedzera uye nekusimudza maoko kuti mamiriro acho ave, muchokwadi, kupokana. Nyaya yacho haigadziriswi, kumwe kushushikana mupfungwa kuripo (zvichida hakunyatso kuratidzwa kunze), izvo zvinoreva kuti takatarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu emakakatanwa.
Zvakakosha here kupindira mumamiriro ekukonana zvachose, kana kuti zviri nani kurega kugadzirisa kwavo kuchitora nzira uye kumirira kuti dambudziko rigadzirise pacharo? Need to. Haisi nguva dzose musimba rako kana kugona kugadzirisa kukonana zvachose, asi chero mamiriro ezvinhu, mukukonana kwechero chiyero, unogona kutora chinzvimbo chevakuru, nekudaro uchiunza vanhu vakati wandei vakakukomberedza kwairi, kuderedza mhedzisiro yakaipa kusawirirana uye kubatsira mukugadziriswa kwayo.
Tisati tatarisa mienzaniso mishoma yemamiriro ekukonana, ngatitarisei pfungwa shoma dzakakosha dzinoenderana nekukonana kwese.
Paunenge uchigadzirisa kukakavara, zvakakosha kuva pamusoro pekurwa, uye kwete mukati maro (izvi zvinonziwo "kutora meta-position"), kureva, kwete kuva chikamu cheimwe yemapato ari mukugadzirisa kugadzirisa. Zvikasadaro, kuve nemutongi wekunze kunobatsira sarudzo inongosimbisa chinzvimbo chemumwe wemapato mukukuvadza kwerimwe bato. Pakuita sarudzo, zvakakosha kuti igamuchirwe mutsika nemapato ese, sezvavanotaura, "yakatengwa." Kuitira kuti, kunyangwe mapato asina kufadzwa nechisarudzo chakaitwa, akabvuma nemoyo wese kuchizadzisa. Sezvavanotaura, kukwanisa kusabvumirana uye kuzvipira. Zvikasadaro, kukakavara kunongochinja chitarisiko chayo, moto unopfungaira ucharamba uri pasi pepeat bog uye pane imwe nguva unozoputika zvakare.
Pfungwa yechipiri, ine chikamu chine chekuita neyekutanga, ndeyekuti kana iwe watofunga kutora chikamu mukugadzirisa kusawirirana, zvitore zvakakomba sezvinobvira kubva pakuona kwekutaurirana uye kudzidza mamiriro. Taurai pachenyu nomumwe nomumwe wemapato. Kupatsanura neimwe neimwe, yekutanga. Usagutsikana netsamba. Panyaya yechikwata chakagoverwa, zvirinani taura nevhidhiyo link. Usagutsikane nerunyerekupe uye mishumo yevakaona. Hwisisa nyaya, divi rimwe nerimwe rinodei, sei richida, zvavanotarisira, vakamboedza kugadzirisa nyaya iyi, chii chichaitika kana isina kugadziriswa, ndedzipi mhinduro dzavanoona, vanofungidzira sei chinzvimbo chemutongi. rumwe rutivi, vanofungei, chakanaka kana chakaipa, nezvimwe. Rodha zvese zvinogoneka mumusoro mako, uine pfungwa dzakavhurika, uchifungidzira kuti munhu wese akarurama. Iwe hausi mukati mekukonana, uri kunze kwayo, mune metaposition. Kana mamiriro acho achingowanikwa mune shinda yepositi, verenga zvakazara uye neshinda uye zvinyorwa zvine chekuita nazvo. Kana wapedza kuiverenga, ramba uchitaura nezwi rako. Unenge wavimbiswa kunzwa chinhu chakakosha chisiri mutsamba.
Chinhu chechitatu chakakosha inzira yekutaurirana. Izvi zvinhu zvakajairika, hapana cosmic, asi zvakakosha. Hatiedzi kuchengetedza nguva, tinotaura nevose vatori vechikamu, hatitsoropodzi munhu, asi tinofunga nezvemigumisiro yezviito zvake (kwete "hauna hutsinye", asi "zvichida vakomana vanogona kugumburwa." chinhu ichi"), tinopa mukana wekuchengetedza chiso, tinoitisa nhaurirano pachedu, kwete pamberi pemutsara.
Kusawirirana kunowanzokonzerwa nechimwe chezvikonzero zviviri. Yokutanga yakabatana kana munhu panguva yekukakavadzana ari munzvimbo yevakuru kana munzvimbo yemwana (zvimwe pane izvi pasi apa). Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekukura kwake mupfungwa, kukwanisa kugadzirisa manzwiro ake (iyo, nenzira, haisi nguva dzose yakabatana nezera rake). Chikonzero chechipiri chakajairika kusakwana kwemaitiro ebasa, izvo zvinogadzira mamiriro enzvimbo dzegrey umo mutoro unopararira pakati pevatori vechikamu, zvinotarisirwa nemapato hazvisi pachena kune mumwe nemumwe, uye mabasa mukuita akasvibiswa.
Saizvozvo, pakugadzirisa kusawirirana (pamwe neimwe nyaya), maneja anofanira kurangarira maonero matatu: kwenguva pfupi - kugadzirisa nyaya / kusawirirana pano uye ikozvino, yepakati-nguva - kuderedza mukana weimwe kusawirirana kunomuka. nokuda kwechikonzero chimwe chete, uye kwenguva refu - kukudziridza tsika yevakuru mumunhu weboka.
Mumwe nemumwe wedu ane mwana wemukati, anenge makore matatu kana mana. Nguva zhinji anorara kubasa, asi dzimwe nguva anomuka otora masimba. Mwana ane zvaanokoshesa. Zvakakosha kuti asimbise kuti iyi ibhokisi rake rejecha, amai vake vanomuda zvakanyanya, muchina wake ndiwo wakanakisa (dhizaini ndiyo yakanyanya kunaka, anoronga zvakanakisa, ...). Mumamiriro ezvinhu emakakatanwa, mwana anogona kudzvanya matoyi, kutsika tsoka uye kutsemura spatula yake, asi haakwanise kugadzirisa nyaya dzevakuru (chigadziriso chekuvaka, nzira dzekuedza otomatiki, mazuva ekuburitsa, nezvimwewo), haafunge maererano nemabhenefiti. kuchikwata. Mwana ari mukurwisana anogona kukurudzirwa, kunyaradzwa uye kutumirwa kunorara nekumukumbira kuti afonere mukuru wake. Usati watanga kurukurirano mumamiriro ezvinhu emakakatanwa, iva nechokwadi chokuti uri kutaura nomunhu mukuru, kwete mwana, uye kuti iwe umene uri munzvimbo yomukuru. Kana nharidzano yako yokutendeseka panguva ino iri yokupedza nhau yakakomba, uri munzvimbo yomunhu mukuru. Kana chinangwa chako chiri chekutsika-tsika tsoka dzako nekutsemura bendekete rako, iyi inzvimbo yemwana. Tumira mwana wako wemukati kunorara uye fonera munhu mukuru, kana kurongazve hurukuro. Munhu anoita chisarudzo chepfungwa, uye ipapo anotsvaka chikonzero chine musoro nokuda kwayo. Sarudzo yakaitwa nemwana yakavakirwa pane zvinokosheswa nevana haizove yakanaka.
Mukuwedzera kune mufambiro panguva yekukakavadzana, nzvimbo yemwana kana yevakuru inoratidzirwawo nehuwandu hwemutoro uyo munhu akagadzirira kutora paari. Mukuratidzwa kwayo kwakanyanya, chinzvimbo chemwana chemugadziri, chandakasangana nacho kanopfuura kamwe, chinotaridzika seizvi: Ndakanyora kodhi, ndakaitumira kuti iongororwe - basa rangu rapera. Vaongorori vanofanira kuiongorora uye kuibvumira, QA inofanira kuiongorora, kana pane matambudziko, vachandizivisa. Zvinoshamisa kuti, kunyange vanhu vakakura uye vane ruzivo dzimwe nguva vanoita nenzira iyi. Imwe mugumo wechikero ndeyokuti munhu anofunga kuti ane mutoro wekuona kuti kodhi yake inoshanda, yakafukidzwa nemiedzo, yakaongororwa iye pachake, yakabudirira kupfuura kuongorora (kana zvichidiwa, hapana dambudziko repinging reviewers, kukurukura nyaya. nezwi, nezvimwewo) uye yakadzvinyirirwa, QA ichapa rubatsiro kana zvichidikanwa, mamiriro ebvunzo achatsanangurwa, nezvimwe. Muzviitiko zvakajairika, mugadziri anotanga ari padyo neanosvika kumagumo echikero, kana kutamira ikoko sezvaanowana ruzivo (chero tsika chaiyo inorimwa mukati mechikwata). Muzviitiko zvakanyanyisa, anoramba achishanda, kazhinji achitora nzvimbo yemwana, ipapo iye neboka nguva nenguva vane matambudziko uye kukakavara.
Kusimudzira kodzero, tsika yakakura muchikwata ibasa rakakosha kune chero maneja. Zvinotora nguva yakareba uye kushanda kwezuva nezuva, asi mhedzisiro yacho yakakosha. Pane nzira mbiri dzekupesvedzera tsika dzechikwata - kutungamidza nemuenzaniso (uchatevedzwa zvechokwadi; timu inogara yakatarisa kune mutungamiri) uye kukurukura nekupa mubairo maitiro akanaka. Hapana chinhu chisina kujeka kana chakanyanya kurongeka pano, kana uchingokurukura nezvematambudziko, cherechedza kuti chimwe chinhu chingave chaitwa pano, simbisa kuti waona pazvinenge zvasarudzwa nemazvo, kurumbidza, chinyorwa panguva yekuburitswa kwekuongorora, nezvimwe.
Ngatitarisei akati wandei akajairwa mamiriro ekukonana, kubva nyore kusvika kune yakaoma:
Kunetsana kusinei nenyaya dzebasa
Kazhinji kazhinji kune kukakavara kubasa kusinganei nenyaya dzebasa. Kuitika kwavo uye nyore kugadzirisa zvinowanzoenderana zvakananga nehuwandu hwehungwaru hwepfungwa dzevatori vechikamu, nhanho yavo yekukura, uye hazvina hukama nekukwana kana kusakwana kwemaitiro ebasa.
Mienzaniso yakajairika: mumwe munhu haashandise muchina wekuwachisa kana kugezesa kazhinji zvakakwana, izvo zvisingadiwe nevamwe, mumwe munhu akatsikitsira, vamwe vachiwana mhepo kana vakavhura hwindo, mumwe munhu ane ruzha, uye vamwe vanoda kunyarara kuti vashande, uye zvichingodaro. Zviri nani kuti tisanonoke kugadzirisa kusawirirana kwerudzi urwu uye kusavarega vachitora nzira yavo. Ivo havazogadzirise vega uye vanokukanganisa kubva kubasa mazuva ese uye kuchetura mamiriro emuchikwata. Sezvineiwo, kuzvigadzirisa kazhinji harisi dambudziko rakakura - kungotaura wakadzikama (one-on-one, hongu) nemumwe waunoshanda naye anoregeredza hutsanana, ipai pekugara pakanaka kune vanhu vanofarira kunyarara / kutonhorera, tenga mahedhifoni anobata ruzha kana kuisa zvikamu. , nezvimwewo.
Mumwe muenzaniso wandakasangana nawo kakawanda panguva yebasa rangu kusapindirana kwepfungwa kwenhengo dzechikwata. Nokuda kwechimwe chikonzero, vanhu havagoni kushanda pamwe chete; kudyidzana kwese kunopera mukunyomba. Dzimwe nguva izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti vanhu vane maonero epolar pane imwe nyaya inotsikirira (kazhinji yezvematongerwo enyika) uye havazive nzira yekuvasiya kunze kwebasa. Kuvanyengetedza kuti vabvumirane kana kuchinja maitiro avo ibasa risina maturo. Kusarudzika chete kwandakasangana nako vechidiki vandinoshanda navo vane maonero akazaruka; maitiro avo anogona achiri kuchinjwa zvishoma nezvishoma kuburikidza nekukurukura nguva nenguva. Kazhinji nyaya inogadziriswa zvinobudirira nekuvapatsanura muzvikwata zvakasiyana, kana kupa mukana wekupindirana pabasa kashoma.
Mumamiriro ese ari pamusoro apa, zvakakosha kutaura nevatori vechikamu pachedu, kukurukura nezvemamiriro ezvinhu, vachibvunza kana vachiona dambudziko mune iyi nyaya zvachose, vachibvunza kuti, mukuona kwavo, ndezvipi zvinogadziriswa, uye nekuita kuti vatore chikamu mukuita izvi. chisarudzo.
Kubva pamaonero ekugadzirisa maitirwo ebasa (yepakati-yenguva maonero andataura), hapana zvakawanda zvinogona kuitwa pano; iyo chete poindi yekugadzirisa ndeyekufunga nezve kuenderana chinhu kana uchigadzira timu uye kwete kuisa vanhu. pamwe chete mberi ndiani achanetsana.
Kubva pamaonero echikwata chetsika, mamiriro akadai anomuka kazhinji muzvikwata zvine tsika yakakura, apo vanhu vanoremekedza timu uye vavanoshanda navo uye vanoziva kugadzirisa nyaya vakazvimirira. Mukuwedzera, kukakavara kwakadaro kunogadziriswa nyore nyore (kazhinji kazhinji) muzvikwata umo kune chivimbo chepamusoro, vanhu vakashanda pamwe chete kwenguva yakareba uye / kana kutaurirana kakawanda kunze kwebasa.
Kusawirirana kunoenderana nenyaya dzebasa:
Kukakavadzana kwakadaro kunowanzokonzerwa nezvikonzero zviviri panguva imwe chete, zvose manzwiro (chokwadi chokuti mumwe wevatori vechikamu haasi panzvimbo yemunhu mukuru) uye kusakwana kwebasa rekushanda pachako. Pamwe rudzi rwakajairika rwekukonana kwandakasangana nako ndiko kukakavara panguva yekuongororwa kwekodhi kana nhaurirano dzezvivakwa pakati pevagadziri.
Ini ndaizosimbisa maviri akajairika kesi pano:
1) Muchiitiko chekutanga, mugadziri haakwanise kuwana ongororo yekodhi kubva kune waanoshanda naye. Chigamba chinotumirwa kuti chiongororwe, uye hapana chinoitika. Pakutanga kuona, hapana kupokana kuri pachena pakati pemativi maviri aya, asi kana iwe uchifunga nezvazvo, uku kukakavara kukuru. Nyaya yebasa haina kugadziriswa, rimwe remapato (kumirira kuongororwa) rinosangana nekusagadzikana kuri pachena. Iyo yakanyanyisa subtype yenyaya iyi kusimudzira munharaunda kana muzvikwata zvakasiyana, nepo muongorori angave asingafarire iyi chaiyo kodhi, nekuda kwekurodha kana mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, anogona kunge asina hanya nechikumbiro chekuongorora zvachose, uye wekunze arbiter. (maneja anowanikwa kumativi ese) ) anogona kunge asipo zvachose.
Nzira yekugadzirisa iyo inobatsira mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro inonyatsoenderana nekuona kwenguva refu, tsika yemunhu mukuru. Chekutanga, smart chiitiko chinoshanda. Iwe haufanirwe kutarisira kuti iyo kodhi yakaturika pawongororo ichakwezva kutarisa kwemuongorori pachayo. Tinofanira kubatsira vanoongorora kuti vamuone. Pingani vanhu vaviri, bvunza mubvunzo pa syncape, tora chikamu munhaurirano. Zviripachena, kupinza kungangokuvadza pane kubatsira, unofanirwa kushandisa njere. Chechipiri, kufanogadzirira kunoshanda zvakanaka. Kana boka racho richinzwisisa zviri kuitika uye nei, nei iyi kodeti ichidiwa zvachose, dhizaini yakakurukurwa uye yakabvumirana mberi nemunhu wese, vanhu vanowanzoteerera kune code yakadaro uye kuigamuchira kubasa. Chechitatu, chiremera chinoshanda. Kana iwe uchida kuongororwa, ita wongororo yakawanda iwe pachako. Ita wongororo yemhando yepamusoro, ine macheki chaiwo, bvunzo chaidzo, uye mhinduro dzinobatsira. Kana zita rako remadunhurirwa richizivikanwa muchikwata, pane mukana mukuru wekuti kodhi yako ionekwe.
Kubva pakuona kwekufamba kwebasa, kuvandudzwa kunobvira pano ndiko kukoshesa kwakananga kwakanangana nekubatsira mugadziri kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvake nezvechikwata (wongorora vamwe, nyora tsamba kunharaunda, perekedza kodhi ine tsananguro yezvivakwa, zvinyorwa, bvunzo, kutora chikamu muhurukuro ne munharaunda, nezvimwewo), kudzivirira zvigamba kubva pakurembera mumutsetse kwenguva yakareba, zvichingodaro.
2) Yechipiri yakajairika nyaya yekukonana panguva yekodhi kana dhizaini ongororo maonero akasiyana pane zvehunyanzvi nyaya, manyorerwo ekodhi, uye sarudzo yezvishandiso. Chinonyanya kukosha munyaya iyi idanho rekuvimbana pakati pevatori vechikamu, veboka rimwe chete, uye ruzivo rwekushanda pamwe chete. Mhedzisiro yakafa inoitika apo mumwe wevatori vechikamu anotora nzvimbo yemwana uye haaedzi kunzwa izvo mutauriri anoda kumuudza. Kazhinji, zvese zviri zviviri maitiro akatsanangurwa nerimwe bato uye maitiro ataurwa pakutanga anogona kushanda zvinobudirira uye hazvina basa kuti ndeupi wekusarudza.
Rimwe zuva, mugadziri wepurogiramu kubva kuchikwata changu (ngatimuti Pasha) akagadzira chigamba chine shanduko kune iyo pasuru yekuisa hurongwa, iyo yakagadziridzwa uye yakatsigirwa nevamwe vaunoshanda navo kubva kudhipatimendi rakavakidzana. Mumwe wavo (Igor) aive nemafungiro ake akasimba maererano nemagadzirirwo eLinux masevhisi kana achiendesa mapakeji. Maonero aya aisiyana nemaitiro akataurwa pachigamba, uye havana kubvumirana. Semazuva ese, mazuva ekupedzisira akanga achipera, uye zvakanga zvakafanira kuuya kune imwe mhando yesarudzo; zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti mumwe wavo atore nzvimbo yevakuru. Pasha akaziva kuti nzira mbiri dzine kodzero yehupenyu, asi aida kuti sarudzo yake ipfuure, nokuti Hapana kana imwe kana yechipiri sarudzo yaive neyakajeka yehunyanzvi mabhenefiti.
Hurukuro yedu yaitaridzika seizvi (zvakanyanya hurongwa, hongu, hurukuro yakatora hafu yeawa):
- Pasha, isu tine chimiro chechando mumazuva mashoma. Zvakakosha kuti titore zvese pamwe chete uye titange kuyedza nekukurumidza sezvinobvira. Tingapfuura sei naIgor?
- Anoda kumisa masevhisi zvakasiyana, akanamatira makomendi ipapo kwandiri ...
- Uye chii chiripo, shanduko huru, kupokana kwakawanda?
- Kwete, kune basa kwemaawa mashoma, asi pakupedzisira hapana mutsauko, ichashanda chero nzira, nei izvi zvichidikanwa? Ndakaita chinhu chinoshanda, ngatichigamuchire.
- Teerera, wanga uchikurukura zvese izvi kwenguva yakareba sei?
- Ehe, tanga tichimaka nguva kwevhiki nehafu ikozvino.
- Um... tinogona here kugadzirisa nyaya mumaawa mashoma iyo yatotora vhiki nehafu, uye kusazviita?
- Zvakanaka, hongu, asi ini handidi kuti Igor afunge kuti ndakapinda mukati ...
- Teerera, chii chinonyanya kukosha kwauri, kubudisa kusunungurwa, pamwe chete nechisarudzo chako mukati, kana kuuraya Igor? Tinogona kuzvivharira, saka, zvakadaro, pane mukana wakanaka wekubhururuka nekuburitswa.
- Zvakanaka ... zvingava zvakanaka, zvechokwadi, kupukuta mhino yaIgor, asi zvakanaka, kusunungurwa kunonyanya kukosha, ndinobvumirana.
- Izvo zvakanyanya kukosha kwauri izvo Igor anofunga? Kutaura chokwadi, haapi mhosva zvachose, anongoda nzira yakabatana munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzechinhu chaanotarisira.
- Zvakanaka, regai ndiite sezvaanobvunza mumashoko uye ngatitange kuedza.
- Ndatenda, Pasha! Ndakanga ndine chokwadi chekuti pamiviri imi muchave makura, kunyangwe Igorek ari mukuru kwauri :)
Nyaya yacho yakagadziriswa, kusunungurwa kwakabudiswa panguva, Pasha haana kunzwa kusagutsikana kukuru, nokuti iye pachake akataura mhinduro ndokuishandisa. Igor aiwanzofadzwa, nekuti ... Mafungiro ake akacherechedzwa vakaita sekureva kwake.
Imwe mhando yekukonana kwakafanana isarudzo pakati pezvigadziriso zvehunyanzvi / maraibhurari / nzira muprojekiti, kunyanya muchikwata chakagoverwa. Mune rimwe remapurojekiti, iro raive rakamisikidzwa sekushandisa C/C ++, zvakazoitika kuti manejimendi ehunyanzvi hweprojekiti aipesana nekushandisa STL (Standard Template Library). Iyi iraibhurari yemutauro yakajairwa inorerutsa budiriro, uye timu yedu yakajaira kwairi. Zvakazoitika kuti purojekiti iri padyo neC pane C ++, iyo isina kukurudzira timu zvakanyanya, nekuti. manejimendi akaedza nepavanogona napo uye vakatsvaga chaizvo vatambi vanotonhorera. Panguva imwecheteyo, chikamu cheAmerican chechikwata, vese mainjiniya nemaneja, vaive vashanda mukambani kwenguva yakareba, vakajairana nemamiriro ezvinhu aripo, uye vaifara nezvose. Chikamu cheRussia chechikwata chakaunzwa pamwechete nguva pfupi yadarika, mukati memavhiki mashoma (kusanganisira ini). Chikamu cheRussia chechikwata hachina kuda kusiya nzira yakajairika yekusimudzira.
Hurukuro dzisingaperi dzakanyorwa dzakatanga pakati pemakondinendi maviri, mabhii pamatatu kana mana skrini aibhururuka achidzoka nekudzoka, mumapoka ekutumira uye ega, kubva kune vanogadzira mapurogiramu kuenda kune vanogadzira uye maneja. Sezvinowanzoitika, mabhii ehurefu uhwu akaverengwa nemunhu kunze kwevanyori nevatsigiri vavo vane shungu. Hurukuro dzakazadzwa nekunetsana, dzichipfuura akawanda-screen pfungwa munzira dzakasiyana maererano nehunyanzvi hwakanakira STL, yakaedzwa zvakadii, yakachengeteka sei, uye kazhinji, hupenyu hunoshamisa sei nahwo, uye hunotyisa sei pasina iyo. .
Izvi zvese zvakatora nguva yakati rebei, kusvika ndakazoona kuti taikurukura nezvehunyanzvi hwenyaya, asi dambudziko raive risiri tekinoroji. Dambudziko harisi zvakanakira kana kuipa kweSTL kana kuoma kwekushanda pasina iyo. Dambudziko nderesangano. Taingoda kunzwisisa kuti kambani yataishandira yaishanda sei. Hapana mumwe wedu aive neruzivo rwekushanda mukambani yakadaro kare. Chinhu chacho chaiva chokuti mushure mekugadzirwa kwekodhi uye kusunungurwa mukugadzirwa, rubatsiro rwakabatwa nevanhu vakasiyana zvachose kubva kune mamwe mapoka, kubva kune dzimwe nyika. Iri boka hombe reinjiniya remakumi ezviuru zvemainjiniya (pamwe chete) raingokwanisa kuwana hushoma hushoma hwemaitiro ehunyanzvi, sekutaura, hushoma hushoma. Chero chipi zvacho chaipfuura chiyero cheinjiniya chakagadzwa mukambani nemuviri hachina kukwanisa kutsigirwa mune ramangwana. Chiyero chechikwata chinotariswa nedanho renhengo dzaro dzisina kusimba. Mushure mekunge tanzwisisa kurudziro chaiyo zviito zvechikamu cheAmerica chechikwata, nyaya iyi yakabviswa muhurongwa, uye pamwe chete takabudirira kugadzira uye kuburitsa chigadzirwa tichishandisa zviyero zvakagamuchirwa nekambani. Matsamba nekutaura mune iyi nyaya hazvina kushanda zvakanaka; zvakatora nzendo dzakawanda uye kutaurirana kwakawanda kwevanhu kuti vauye kune imwe dhinomineta.
Kubva pakuona kwekufamba kwebasa, munyaya iyi, zvingabatsira kuva netsanangudzo yezvishandiso zvinoshandiswa, zvinodiwa kwavari, zvirambidzo pakuwedzera zvitsva, uye kururamisa kwezvirambidzo zvakadaro. Mapepa akadai anoenderana neaya anotsanangurwa mundima Reuse Strategy and Development Environment ye "Manager's Handbook for Software Development", yakagadzirwa mu. . Pasinei nezera rayo, rinotsanangura zvakakwana mabasa makuru uye matanho ekuronga ekugadzirwa kwesoftware yerudzi urwu. Kuve nemagwaro akadai kunoita kuti zvive nyore kukurukura kuti ndezvipi zvikamu uye nzira dzinogona kushandiswa muchigadzirwa, uye nei.
Kubva pakuona kwetsika, zviri pachena, nechinzvimbo chakanyanya kukura, umo mapato anoedza kunzwa uye kunzwisisa kurudziro chaiyo yezviito zvevamwe vavo uye kuita zvinoenderana nezvinokosheswa zvepurojekiti uye timu, uye kwete ego ega. , kusawirirana kwaizogadziriswa nyore uye nekukurumidza.
Mune imwe mhirizhonga pamusoro pekusarudzwa kwekugadzirisa kwekugadzirisa, zvakanditorerawo nguva yakawanda inooneka kuti ndinzwisise kukurudzira kweimwe yemapato (yakanga iri nyaya isina kujairika), asi mushure mokunge kukurudzirwa kwave kwakajeka, mhinduro yakanga iri pachena.
Mamiriro acho ndeaya: mugadziri mutsva anooneka muchikwata chevanhu vangangosvika makumi maviri, ngatimudeedzai Stas. Panguva iyoyo, yedu yakajairwa chishandiso chekutaurirana sechikwata yaive Skype. Sezvazvakazoitika gare gare, Stas yaive fan hombe yeakavhurika miyero uye yakavhurika sosi software, uye yaingoshandisa maturusi uye masisitimu anoshanda ayo masosi aivepo pachena uye aishandisa mapuroteni akatsanangurwa pachena. Skype haisi imwe yezvishandiso izvi. Takapedza nguva yakawanda tichikurukura zvakanakira uye zvakaipira nzira iyi, tichiedza kuburitsa analogues eSkype pane akasiyana masisitimu anoshanda, kuedza kweStas kunyengerera timu kuti ichinje kune mamwe maitiro, kunyorera iye pachake netsamba, kumufonera iye pachake pa foni, mutengere yechipiri komputa yakanangana neSkype, nezvimwe. Pakupedzisira, ndakaona kuti dambudziko iri, muchidimbu, harisi unyanzvi kana sangano, asi pane pfungwa, kunyange, mumwe angati, zvechitendero (kuStas). Kunyangwe tikazopedzisira tabatanidza Stas neSkype (izvo zvakatora mwedzi yakati wandei), dambudziko raizomuka zvakare pane chero chimbo chinotevera. Ndakanga ndisina nzira chaiyo yandiinayo yekushandura maonero epasirese eStas, uye pakanga pasina chikonzero chekuedza kushandura maonero epasirese echikwata chakashanda zvakakwana munzvimbo ino. Munhu wacho nekambani yaingove orthogonal mukuona kwavo kwenyika. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, mhinduro yakanaka ndeyekuronga. Takaendesa Stas kune chimwe timu, kwaaive ari organic.
Chikonzero chekukakavadzana uku, mumaonero angu, ndiko kusawirirana pakati pehutsika hwemunhu (uyo ane maonero akasimba asingamubvumiri kukanganisa) uye tsika yekambani. Muchiitiko ichi, iko, hongu, kukanganisa kwemaneja. Zvakanga zvakaipa pakutanga kumutora kuti aite chirongwa cherudzi urwu. Stas yakazoenda kune yakavhurika sosi software yekuvandudza purojekiti uye yakakunda ipapo.
Muenzaniso wakanaka wekukakavadzana kunokonzerwa nemaitiro ehucheche emugadziri uye kukanganisa kwemaitiro ebasa mamiriro ezvinhu umo, pasina kutsanangurwa kwekuita, mugadziri uye timu yeQA vane tarisiro dzakasiyana maererano nekugadzirira. chimiro chakaendeswa kuQA. Mugadziri akatenda kuti zvaive zvakakwana kunyora kodhi uye kukanda chimiro pamusoro pefenzi kuQA - vaizoigadzirisa ipapo. Mugadziri ane ruzivo rwakakwana uye ane ruzivo, nenzira, asi icho chaive chikumbaridzo chake chemukati chemhando. QA haana kubvumirana neizvi uye akada kuti aratidze uye atsanangure kwavari zvaakanga azviongorora, uye akakumbira gwaro rekuedza kwavari. Vakanga vaine matambudziko nekushanda kubva kune uyu mugadziri munguva yakapfuura uye vaisada kutambisa nguva yavo zvakare. Nenzira, ivo vaive vakarurama - chimiro hachina kushanda, haana kutarisa kodhi asati aitumira kuQA.
Kuti ndigadzirise mamiriro acho ezvinhu, ndakamukumbira kuti andiratidze kuti zvinhu zvose zvakanyatsoshanda (hazvina kushanda, uye aifanira kuzvigadzirisa), takataura neboka uye neQA tsanangudzo yekuita (havana kuzviita mukati. kunyora, nekuti isu takanga tisingadi kuita kuti hurongwa uhu huve hutongi hwejekerere ), zvakanaka, takakurumidza kuparadzana nenyanzvi iyi (kune zororo).
Kubva pakuona kwekufambiswa kwebasa, zvinogoneka kuvandudzwa mune iyi nyaya kuvepo kwetsanangudzo yezvakaitwa, zvinodiwa zverutsigiro rwechikamu chimwe nechimwe uye bvunzo dzekubatanidza, uye tsananguro yekuedzwa kunoitwa nemugadziri. Mune rimwe remapurojekiti, takayera mwero wekuvharwa kwekodhi nemiedzo panguva yeCI uye kana iyo yekuvhara nhanho yakadzikira mushure mekuwedzera chigamba, bvunzo dzakatarwa sekukundikana, i.e. chero kodhi nyowani yaigona kungowedzerwa kana paine miyedzo mitsva yayo.
Mumwe muenzaniso wakajairwa wekukakavadzana wakanyatsoenderana nehurongwa hwekuita basa. Tine chigadzirwa, timu yekuvandudza chigadzirwa, timu yekutsigira, uye mutengi. Mutengi ane matambudziko nechigadzirwa uye vanobatika rutsigiro. Tsigiro inoongorora dambudziko uye inonzwisisa kuti dambudziko riri muchigadzirwa uye rinoendesa dambudziko kune chigadzirwa timu. Chikwata chechigadzirwa chiri munguva yakabatikana, kuburitswa kuri kusvika, saka tikiti rine dambudziko kubva kune mutengi, rakarasika pakati pemamwe matikiti emugadziri waanopihwa, rinorembera kwemavhiki akati wandei pasina kutariswa. Tsigiro inofunga kuti mugadziri ari kushanda padambudziko remutengi. Mutengi anomirira uye anotarisira kuti dambudziko ravo riri kugadziriswa. Muchokwadi, hapana chiri kuitika. Mushure memavhiki mashoma, mutengi anozopedzisira afunga kufarira kufambira mberi uye anobvunza rutsigiro kuti zvinhu zviri kufamba sei. Tsigiro inokumbira budiriro. Mugadziri anodedera, anotarisa kuburikidza nerondedzero yematikiti uye anowana tikiti kubva kumutengi ipapo. Kuverenga tikiti kubva kune mutengi, anonzwisisa kuti hapana ruzivo rwakakwana kugadzirisa dambudziko, uye anoda mamwe matanda uye marara. Tsigiro inokumbira rumwe ruzivo kubva kune mutengi. Uye ipapo mutengi anoona kuti hapana anga achishanda padambudziko rake nguva yese iyi. Uye kutinhira kucharova...
Mune ino mamiriro, mhinduro yekukonana pachayo iri pachena uye mutsara (gadzirisa chigadzirwa, gadziridza zvinyorwa uye bvunzo, fadza mutengi, buritsa hotfix, nezvimwewo). Zvakakosha kuongorora maitiro ebasa uye kunzwisisa kuti ndiani ane basa rekugadzirisa kushamwaridzana pakati pezvikwata zviviri, uye nei mamiriro ezvinhu aya akave akagoneka pakutanga. Zviripachena izvo zvinofanirwa kugadziriswa mukuita - mumwe munhu anofanirwa kutarisa iyo yakazara mufananidzo pasina zviyeuchidzo kubva kune vatengi, proactively. Matikiti kubva kumutengi anofanira kumira kunze pakati pemamwe matikiti kubva kuvagadziri. Tsigiro inofanirwa kuona kana timu yekusimudzira iri kushanda pamatiketi ayo, uye kana zvisiri, painogona kutanga kushanda, uye kana mhedzisiro inogona kutarisirwa. Tsigiro nekusimudzira zvinofanirwa kutaurirana nguva nenguva uye kukurukura mamiriro ematikiti, kuunganidzwa kweruzivo rwunodiwa pakugadzirisa kunofanirwa kuve otomatiki sezvinobvira, nezvimwe.
Sezvinongoita muhondo muvengi anoedza kurova nhanho pakati pemayuniti maviri, saka pabasa pakanyanya kutetepa uye nzvimbo isina njodzi kazhinji kupindirana kwezvikwata. Kana vatsigiro uye vatungamiri vekusimudzira vakwegura zvakakwana, vachakwanisa kugadzirisa hurongwa ivo pachavo, kana zvisingaiti, nzira yacho icharamba ichiunza kukakavara uye matambudziko kusvikira maneja apindira uyo anogona kugadzirisa mamiriro acho ezvinhu.
Mumwe muenzaniso wakajairwa wandakaona kakawanda mumakambani akasiyana mamiriro ekuti chigadzirwa chinonyorwa nechikwata chimwe, otomatiki yekubatanidza bvunzo yacho inonyorwa nechikwata chechipiri, uye zvivakwa izvo zvese zvinoshandiswa zvinoperekedzwa nechetatu. team. Matambudziko kana achimhanya bvunzo anomuka nguva dzese, uye chikonzero chematambudziko mavari chinogona kunge chiri zvese chigadzirwa uye bvunzo uye zvivakwa. Zvinowanzonetsa kubvumirana kuti ndiani anofanirwa kuita ongororo yekutanga yematambudziko, faira tsikidzi, parse matanda echigadzirwa, bvunzo uye zvivakwa, nezvimwe. Kukakavadzana pano kunowanzoitika, uye, panguva imwechete, yunifomu. Panyaya yekunyanya kusimba kwepfungwa, vatori vechikamu vanowanzowira munzvimbo yemwana uye nhaurirano dzinotanga munhevedzano: "sei ndichifanira kufunga nezveizvi," "vanopunzika kazhinji," nezvimwe.
Kubva pakuona kwekufamba kwebasa, matanho chaiwo ekugadzirisa nyaya anoenderana nekuumbwa kwezvikwata, rudzi rwebvunzo uye chigadzirwa, nezvimwe. Mune rimwe remapurojekiti, takaunza nguva nenguva, umo zvikwata zvakatarisa bvunzo imwe panguva, vhiki nevhiki. Mune imwe, kuongorora kwekutanga kwaigara kuchiitwa nevagadziri vebvunzo, asi kuongororwa kwaive kwakakosha uye chigadzirwa chaive chakanyatsogadzikana, saka chakashanda nemazvo. Chinokosha ndechekuona kuti hurongwa uhu huri pachena, kuti zvinotarisirwa zviri pachena kumapato ese, uye kuti mamiriro ezvinhu anonzwa akaenzana kumunhu wese.
Ko kusawirirana idambudziko here musangano?Chiratidzo chakaipa here kuti kunetsana kunowanzoitika muchikwata chako? Muzhinji, kwete, nokuti kana pane kukura, kubudirira, kune rumwe rudzi rwemasimba, ipapo nyaya dzinomuka dzisina kumbogadziriswa kare, uye pakugadzirisa, kukakavara kunogona kuitika. Ichi chiratidzo chekuti dzimwe nzvimbo dzinoda kutariswa, kuti kune nzvimbo dzekuvandudza. Zvakaipa kana kusawirirana kuchimuka kazhinji, kwakaoma kugadzirisa kana kutora nguva refu. Ichi chingangove chiratidzo chekusakwenenzverwa kwemaitiro ebasa uye kusakwana mukukura kwechikwata.
Source: www.habr.com