Paunenge uchitsvaga nzira dzekuwedzera mashandiro emabhizinesi muchikamu chesimba, pamwe nezvimwe zvivakwa zveindasitiri zvinoshandisa midziyo inopisa mafuta efosil (steam, mabhailer emvura inopisa, mabira ekugadzira, nezvimwewo), nyaya yekushandisa kugona kweflue. magasi haasimudzwe pakutanga.
Zvichakadaro, tichivimba nemaitiro ekuverenga aripo akagadziridzwa makumi emakore apfuura uye akamisa miitiro yekusarudza akakosha ekuita zviratidzo zvemidziyo yakadaro, masangano anoshanda anorasikirwa nemari, achivakanda pasi, panguva imwe cheteyo achiwedzera mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza pasi rose.
Kana, senge murairo "", iwe unofunga kuti zvakaipa kupotsa mukana wekutarisira nharaunda uye hutano hwevagari veguta rako nemabhenefiti ebhajeti rebhizinesi, verenga chinyorwa chekushandura magasi eflue kuita simba rekushandisa.
Kudzidza mitemo
Iyo yakakosha parameter inosarudza kushanda kweiyo boiler unit tembiricha ye flue magasi. Kupisa kwakarasika nemagasi emhepo kunogadzira chikamu chakakosha chese kurasikirwa kwekupisa (pamwe nekurasikirwa kwekupisa kubva kumakemikari uye mechanical underburning yemafuta, kurasikirwa nekupisa kwemuviri kubva kune slags, pamwe nekupisa kunopisa mukati mezvakatipoteredza nekuda kwekutonhora kwekunze). Kurasikirwa uku kune simba rinogadzirisa pakushanda kwebhailer, kuderedza kushanda kwayo. Nekudaro, isu tinonzwisisa kuti iyo yakadzika iyo flue gasi tembiricha, iyo yakakwirira kushanda kweiyo bhailer.
Iyo yakakwana flue gasi tembiricha yemhando dzakasiyana dzehuturu uye inoshanda paramita yebhailer inotarwa pahwaro hwehunyanzvi uye hwehupfumi kuverenga padanho rekutanga rekugadzirwa kwayo. Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo yakanyanya kukosha kushandiswa kwemhepo inopisa gasi kunowanikwa nekuwedzera saizi ye convective kudziyisa nzvimbo, pamwe nekusimudzira nzvimbo dzemuswe - economizers emvura, regenerative air heaters.
Asi kunyangwe pakaunzwa matekinoroji nemidziyo yekudzoreredza kupisa kwakanyanya, tembiricha yemagasi eflue, maererano nezvino zvinodzorwa zvinyorwa, inofanira kunge iri mumhando:
- 120-180 Β° C kune yakasimba mafuta boilers (zvichienderana nekunyorova kwehuni uye maparamendi ekushandisa ebhailer),
- 120-160 Β° C yemaboilers anoshandisa mafuta emafuta (zvichienderana nesarufa iri mairi),
- 120-130 Β° C yemabhairi egasi chaiwo.
Iwo anoratidzwa maitiro akatemerwa achifunga nezvekuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza zvinhu, asi zvakanyanya zvichibva pane zvinodiwa pakuita uye kusimba kwemidziyo.
Saka, iyo diki chikumbaridzo inoiswa nenzira yekubvisa njodzi yekunyungudika muchikamu che convective chebhailer uye nekuwedzera pamwe ne duct (mu flues uye chimney). Zvisinei, kudzivirira ngura hazvidi zvachose kubayira kupisa, kunoburitswa mumhepo panzvimbo pekuita basa rinobatsira.
Corrosion. Bvisa njodzi
Isu hatipokane kuti corrosion chinhu chisingafadzi chinogona kukanganisa kushanda kwakachengeteka kwekuisa boiler uye kupfupisa zvakanyanya hupenyu hwayo hwesevhisi.
Kana magasi eflue atonhodzwa kusvika pakupisa kwedova uye pazasi, mhute yemvura inonyunguduka, pamwe chete neiyo NOx, SOx makomisheni zvakare anoshanduka kuita mamiriro emvura, ayo, kana akasangana nemvura, anoumba maasidhi ane mhedzisiro inoparadza mukati menzvimbo dzemukati. yeboiler. Zvichienderana nemhando yehuni yakatsva, iyo acid dew point tembiricha inogona kusiyana, pamwe nekuumbwa kweasidhi inopfurwa se condensate. Chigumisiro, zvisinei, chakafanana - corrosion.
Magasi emagetsi anoshanda pagasi rechisikigo anonyanya kuve nezvinhu zvinotevera zvinopisa: mhute yemvura (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), kabhoni monoxide (CO) uye isina kupiswa hydrocarbons CnHm (ayo maviri ekupedzisira anoonekwa panguva yekupisa kusina kukwana kwehuni iyo mode combustion haina kugadziriswa).
Sezvo mweya wemuchadenga uine huwandu hwakawanda hwenitrogen, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, nitrogen oxides NO uye NO2, pamwe chete inonzi NOx, inoonekwa muzvigadzirwa zvinopisa, izvo zvinokanganisa zvakatipoteredza uye hutano hwevanhu. Kana yasanganiswa nemvura, nitrogen oxides inoumba corrosive nitric acid.
Kana mafuta emafuta nemarasha apiswa, sulfur oxides anonzi SOx anoonekwa muzvigadzirwa zvinopisa. Mhedzisiro yavo yakaipa pane zvakatipoteredza yakatsvakurudzwawo zvakanyanya uye haina mubvunzo. Iyo acidic condensate inoumbwa kana ichidyidzana nemvura inokonzeresa ngura yesarufa yekudziya kwenzvimbo.
Sechinyakare, tembiricha yegesi yeflue, sezvakaratidzwa pamusoro, inosarudzwa nenzira yekudzivirira midziyo kubva pakunaya kweasidhi panzvimbo yekudziya yebhailer. Uyezve, tembiricha yemagasi inofanirwa kuve nechokwadi che condensation yeNOx uye SOx kunze kwegasi nzira kuitira kuchengetedza kwete chete bhailer pachayo, asiwo maflue ane chimney kubva kune ngura maitiro. Hongu, kune mimwe mipimo inodzikamisa huwandu hunotenderwa hwekubuda kwenitrogen nesarufa okisijeni, asi izvi hazvipokane chokwadi chekuti zvigadzirwa zvinopisa zvinoungana mumhepo yePasi uye zvinodonha muchimiro chekunaya kweasidhi pamusoro payo. .
Iyo sarufa iri mumafuta emafuta nemarasha, pamwe nekupinzwa kwezvimedu zvisina kupiswa zvemafuta akasimba (kusanganisira madota) anoisa mamwe mamiriro ekunatswa kwemagasi eflue. Kushandiswa kwegasi rekuchenesa masisitimu kunowedzera zvakanyanya mutengo uye kuomarara kwemaitiro ekushandisa kupisa kubva kune flue magasi, zvichiita kuti nhanho dzakadaro dzisataridzike kubva pamaonero ehupfumi, uye kazhinji zvisingaite purofiti.
Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zviremera zvemunzvimbo zvinoisa tembiricha yegetsi gasi pamuromo westack kuti ive nechokwadi chekuparadzira gasi rakakwana uye pasina pombi. Mukuwedzera, mamwe mabhizimisi anogona nokuzvidira kugamuchira miitiro yakadaro kuti vavandudze chimiro chavo, sezvo voruzhinji kazhinji kazhinji vachidudzira kuvapo kwoutsi hunooneka sechiratidzo chokushatiswa kwezvakatipoteredza, nepo kusavapo kwoutsi hunogona kuonekwa sechiratidzo chokuchena. production.
Zvese izvi zvinotungamira kune chokwadi chekuti, mune mamwe mamiriro ekunze, mabhizinesi anogona kunyanya kupisa magasi eflue asati aaburitsa mumhepo. Kunyangwe, kunzwisisa kuumbwa kwemagasi ekupedza ebhoiler inoshanda pagasi rechisikigo (inokurukurwa zvakadzama pamusoro), zvinova pachena kuti chena "utsi" hunobva muchimney (kana iyo yekupisa nzira yakanyatso gadziridzwa) inonyanya kugadzirwa. mhute yemvura yakaumbwa mukati semugumisiro wekupisa kwegasi rechisikigo muvira rebhailer.
Hondo yekurwisa ngura inoda kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvinopokana nemhedzisiro yazvo (zvinhu zvakadaro zviripo uye zvinogona kushandiswa mukuisa zvinoshandisa gasi, zvigadzirwa zvepetroleum uye kunyange marara sehuni), pamwe nesangano rekuunganidza, kugadzirisa acidic. condensate uye kuraswa kwayo.
Technology
Kuunzwa kweseti yematanho ekudzikisa tembiricha yemafuta emagetsi kuseri kweiyo bhaira pane bhizinesi riripo kunovimbisa kuwedzera kwekubudirira kwekuiswa kwese, kunosanganisira iyo boiler unit, uchishandisa, chekutanga, iyo boiler pachayo (iyo kupisa. yakagadzirwa mukati).
Pfungwa yezvigadziriso zvakadaro zvinonyanya kuwira kune chimwe chinhu: mutsinhanisi wekupisa unoiswa muchikamu che flue kusvika kune chimney, iyo inotora kupisa kwemagasi emagetsi nemhepo inotonhorera (somuenzaniso, mvura). Mvura iyi inogona kuve yakananga yekutonhodza kwekupedzisira inoda kudziiswa, kana mumiririri wepakati anotamisa kupisa kuburikidza nekuwedzera kupisa midziyo kune imwe dunhu.
The schematic diagram inoratidzwa mumufananidzo:
Iyo inokonzeresa condensate inounganidzwa zvakananga muhuwandu hwehutsva hwekupisa, iyo inogadzirwa nezvinhu zvinodzivirira corrosion. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nenyaya yekuti tembiricha yedova inotaridza hunyoro huri muhuwandu hwemagasi ekupedza inokundwa chaizvo mukati mekupisa. Nokudaro, kwete chete kupisa kwepanyama kwemafuta emagetsi kunoshandiswa zvinobatsira, asiwo kupisa kwakadzikama kwekuputira kwehuputi hwemvura huri mavari. Iyo midziyo pachayo inofanirwa kugadzirwa nenzira yekuti dhizaini yayo haipe yakawandisa aerodynamic kuramba uye, semhedzisiro, inokanganisa mamiriro ekushanda eiyo boiler unit.
Dhizaini yekupisa yekupisa inogona kunge iri yakajairwa inodzoreredza kupisa yekupisa, uko kupisa kwekushisa kubva kumagasi kuenda kumvura kunoitika kuburikidza nemadziro anopatsanura, kana kusangana nekupisa kupisa, umo magasi eflue anosangana nemvura, inopfapfaidzwa. nozzles mukuyerera kwavo.
Kune inodzoreredza kupisa yekupisa, kugadzirisa nyaya yeasidhi condensate kunouya pakuronga kuunganidzwa kwayo uye kusarerekera. Panyaya yekusangana kwekupisa kupisa, nzira yakati siyanei inoshandiswa, yakangofanana nekucheneswa nguva nenguva kweiyo inotenderera yekupa mvura system: sezvo acidity yemvura inotenderera ichiwedzera, imwe huwandu hwayo inotorwa mutangi yekuchengetedza, uko. inobatwa nema reagents nekuzoraswa kwemvura kunotevera mudhiraivha system, kana nekuitungamira muiyo tekinoroji kutenderera.
Kumwe kushandiswa kwe flue gasi simba kunogona kushomeka nekuda kwekusiyana pakati petembiricha yemagasi uye chaiyo tembiricha inodiwa pakupinza kwesimba rekushandisa. Nekudaro, kunyangwe kumamiriro akaita seakafa-magumo, nzira yakagadziriswa inotsamira pamhando nyowani tekinoroji nemidziyo.
Kuti kuwedzere kushanda kweiyo flue gasi kupisa kudzoreredza maitiro, zvigadziriso zvinogadziriswa zvinoenderana nekupisa pombi zviri kuwedzera kushandiswa mukuita kwenyika sechinhu chakakosha chehurongwa. Mune mamwe maindasitiri emaindasitiri (semuenzaniso bioenergy), mhinduro dzakadai dzinoshandiswa pane mazhinji mabhailers akatumwa. Kuwedzera kuchengetedza mune zvekutanga simba zviwanikwa munyaya iyi kunowanikwa kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwete kwechinyakare vapor-compression magetsi emagetsi, asi yeakanyanya kuvimbika uye tekinoroji yekunyudza lithium bromide heat pumps (ABTH), inoda kupisa kwete magetsi kushanda (kazhinji izvi inogona kunge isina kushandiswa tsvina kupisa , iyo iripo mukuwanda munenge chero bhizinesi). Uku kupisa kubva kune yechitatu-bato yekudziya sosi inomutsa iyo yemukati ABTH kutenderera, iyo inokutendera iwe kushandura iripo tembiricha inogoneka yemagasi eflue uye kuiendesa kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzinopisa.
mugumisiro
Kutonhodzwa kwema boiler flue magasi uchishandisa zvigadziriso zvakadaro zvinogona kudzika - kusvika pa30 uye kunyangwe 20 Β°C kubva pakutanga 120-130 Β°C. Kupisa kunokonzeresa kwakaringana kupisa mvura kune zvinodiwa zvemakemikari ekugadzirisa mvura, kugadzira-up, mvura inopisa uye kunyangwe network yekudziya.
Muchiitiko ichi, kuchengetedza kwemafuta kunogona kusvika 5Γ·10%, uye kuwedzera kwekushanda kweiyo boiler unit inogona kusvika 2Γ·3%.
Nokudaro, kushandiswa kweiyo yakatsanangurwa teknolojia inobvumira kugadzirisa matambudziko akawanda panguva imwe chete. Izvi:
- iyo yakakwana uye inobatsira kushandiswa kwekupisa kwe flue magasi (pamwe nekupisa kwakadzikama kwehutsi hwemvura),
- kuderedzwa kweNOx uye SOx kubuda mumhepo,
- kuwana imwe sosi - mvura yakacheneswa (iyo inogona kushandiswa zvine mutsindo mune chero bhizinesi, semuenzaniso, sekudya kwekudziya network uye mamwe maseketi emvura),
- kubviswa kwehutsi hwehutsi (inova isingaonekwi kana kunyangarika zvachose).
Kudzidzira kunoratidza kuti kugona kwekushandisa zvigadziriso zvakadaro kunoenderana ne:
- mukana wekushandiswa kunobatsira kwekupisa kunowanikwa kubva kumagetsi eflue,
- nguva yekushandiswa kwesimba rinopisa rakagamuchirwa pagore,
- mutengo wezviwanikwa zvesimba mubhizinesi,
- kuvapo kwepamusoro pehuwandu hunobvumirwa huwandu hwekubudiswa kweNOx uye SOx (pamwe chete nekuoma kwemitemo yezvakatipoteredza),
- nzira yekudzikisa condensate uye sarudzo dzekuwedzera kushandiswa kwayo.
Source: www.habr.com