Dzidzo yepamusoro muRussia ndeye totem, fetish, fad uye yakagadziriswa pfungwa. Kubva paudiki, takadzidziswa kuti "kuenda kukoreji" ijackpot: migwagwa yese yakavhurika, vashandirwi vakarongedzerwa, mihoro iri pamutsetse. Ichi chiitiko chine nhoroondo uye midzi yemagariro, asi nhasi, pamwe chete nekuzivikanwa kwemayunivhesiti, dzidzo yepamusoro yakatanga kuderera, uye panewo zvikonzero zveizvi. Pahwaro uhwu, nyaya pamusoro pekusiya koreji Bill Gates naSteve Jobs, avo "kushaya dzidzo" kusina kuvadzivisa kuva vatungamiri mumunda wavo panyika ino, vanodzika midzi zvakanaka. Zvichakadaro, ndinotora kutaura kuti: dzidzo yepamusoro inofanirwa, inobatsira, uye inoumba nyanzvi yedanho repamusoro, asi neMabasa uye Gates, hazvisi zvese zviri nyore sezvavanotaura mune memes uye pane mamwe "machipisi." Ngatikurukurei nhasi matorero mashanu (5) kosi, kwete mikoridho, uye kuwana iyo nyanzvi uye yepamusoro yemunhu kubva mazviri. Gaudeamus igitur juvenes dum sumus, shamwari!

Kubva pane isingakanganwike Bashorg yakavakirwa pa zvinyorwa

Ichi chikamu chechipiri chenhevedzano "Rarama uye Dzidza"

Chikamu 1. Chikoro uye nhungamiro yebasa
Chikamu 2. Yunivhesiti
Chikamu 3. Dzidzo yokuwedzera
Chikamu 4. Dzidzo kubasa
Chikamu 5. Kuzvidzidzisa

Govera ruzivo rwako mune zvakataurwa - pamwe, nekuda kwekuedza kwechikwata cheRUVDS uye vaverengi vaHabr, Gunyana rekutanga remumwe munhu richave rakanyanya kuziva, rakarurama uye rine zvibereko. 

Saka dzidzo yepamusoro inofanirwa here kana kuti kwete?

Chinyorwa ichi pachiri kugadzirwa, musoro wacho wakabuda nhamba kubva kuVTsIOM, uye zvinoratidzika kwandiri kuti zvinoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo. 

VTsIOM nhambaChinhu

Mumakore gumi nemashanu apfuura, dzidzo yakashandira vanhu vekuRussia sechombo chekubudirira pabasa (15% muna 48 uye 2004% muna 44), kufambira mberi kwebasa (2019% muna 28 uye 2004% muna 26), pamwe chete nekuzvivandudza. senyanzvi (2019% muna 26 uye 2004% muna 22). 

Mumakore mapfumbamwe apfuura, vanhu vokuRussia vave vachiwedzera kuona dzidzo yepamusoro sechinhu chinodiwa—chikamu chevatsigiri vepfungwa yokuti munhu anofanira kuwana dhipuroma redzidzo yepamusoro nokuti itsika yakawedzera (kubva pa6% muna 2010 kusvika 18% muna 2019). . Kazhinji kazhinji izvi zvinotaurwa nevechidiki vane makore gumi nemasere kusvika makumi maviri nemana (18%). Pakati pavo, tsika yekuwana dzidzo yepamusoro kuitira kuvandudza magariro evanhu yakapararira (24% inopesana nechikamu che25% pakati pevose vakapindura).

Kazhinji, ruzhinji rwevanhu vekuRussia vane chivimbo chekuti dzidzo yepamusoro inoperekedza basa rinobudirira uye rinoita kuti zvive nyore kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvehupenyu, kunyangwe mumakore gumi nerimwe apfuura kwave kune vatsigiri vashoma veiyi maonero (11% muna 76 uye 2008% muna 58). 

Pamwe chete neizvi, kusava nechokwadi kuri kusimba maererano nedzidzo yepamusoro sechinhu chinodiwa kuti munhu aite basa rakabudirira (45% muna 2008 uye 68% muna 2019) uye kutongerwa basa rine mari shoma uye risingaremekedzi kana pasina diploma redzidzo yepamusoro (50% muna 2008). uye 65% muna 2019). Kazhinji, kusava nechokwadi kwakanyorwa pakati pevakapindura vane makore 18 kusvika ku25 (74% vanotaura pamusoro pekunyanya kukosha kwekukosha kwedzidzo yepamusoro, uye 76% havabvumirani nekuparadzwa kwebasa rekubhadhara mari shoma pasina diploma), kubva ku25 kusvika ku34. makore (77% uye 74% zvichiteerana) uye kubva ku35 kusvika ku44 makore (73% uye 74%, zvichiteerana). 

Mukuwedzera, zvose panguva yeperestroika uye nhasi, vanhu vokuRussia havatendi kuti dzidzo ine simba guru pamusoro pehupenyu hwemunhu, uye kutenda mune izvi kwakawedzera zvikuru (47% muna 1991 uye 70% muna 2019). 

Mumakore matatu apfuura, vanhu vekuRussia vari kuwedzera kuda kutenda kuti kuwanikwa kwedzidzo yepamusoro kune vagari vese kuri kudzikira (53% muna 2016 uye 63% muna 2019). Tichipesana neizvi, ruzhinji rwevakapindura havatendi kuti chero nzira dzakanaka dzekuwana diploma redzidzo yepamusoro munguva yedu, kunyangwe makore gumi nerimwe apfuura vaifunga zvishoma (11% muna 51 uye 2008% muna 65). Imwe 2019% yaizofunga nezvekudiwa kwedzidzo yepamusoro kana vaifanira kuibhadhara. Muna 55 nhamba iyi yaive 2008%.

Uyezve, nhare dzakavharwa dzekuti "kurima kubva paudiki, taura kwete kumakoridho mashanu" dzimwe nguva dzinopinda mumakambani makuru kwazvo. Ngationei kuti chokwadi chiri papi apa.

Nharo dze "

1. Haasi ese makambani nemasangano akagadzirira kuvhura mikova yavo kunyangwe kune mushandi ane tarenda asina diploma redzidzo yepamusoro. Pasina gwaro iri, unorambidzwa kupinda mumakambani makuru, makambani ehurumende nemakambani ane hurumende yenyika. kutora chikamu, mabhangi, masangano uye masangano ekuchengetedza mutemo (apo kune zvakare zvakawanda zvinonakidza uye zvinovimbisa zvinhu zvevagadziri uye mainjiniya). 
2. Paunenge uchienda kunze kwenyika uye uchitsvaga basa munyika itsva, ungangozodikanwa kuti upe dhipuroma rakashandurwa uye/kana chitupa chekupedza dhigirii. Mune makambani mazhinji kunze kwenyika, kuvapo kwegwaro redzidzo kunorapwa zvakanyanya, uye kunyanya kune vagari vekune dzimwe nyika.
3. Mamiriro ezvinhu munharaunda yetekinoroji ari kuchinja nekukurumidza, uye ruzivo rwekuronga rwaunogamuchira pachinzvimbo chedzidzo ruchakurumidza kudzikira, uchazviwana uri kunze kwezvinodiwa zvemusika. Basic tekinoroji (kana chero dzidzo) inokupa iwe mukana wekukurumidza kutangazve mune chero mamiriro.
4. Pasina kudzidza kuyunivhesiti, haugamuchire hwaro hweruzivo, hwaro chaihwo huri pasi pebasa renyanzvi yechokwadi. Iwe unogona kugona JavaScript uye kuona makomo ekumberi-kumagumo, asi kazhinji zvinoramba zvisingasvikike kwauri kuti uende zvakadzika muJava, Python, C/C ++, nekuda kwekuti mapurojekiti mazhinji aripo anodawo ruzivo rwemasvomhu, izvo zvisiri nyore kuita. tenzi uri woga. Uye zvakare, haugone kusarudza uye kushandura chimiro pasina ruzivo rwedzidzo yehunyanzvi hwekuranga. Hongu, ini ndichaita kubhuka ipapo ipapo, pane zvisizvo, asi pasina dzidzo yepamusoro haungambo kwanisa kunzwa mutsauko pakati pepfungwa yekodhi uye mugadziri wehurongwa kana mugadziri. 
5. Kunyangwe iwe uri munhu akasindimara, anoshanda nesimba uye ane tarenda ane chinotungamira butt, kuzvidzidza wega mune zvese zvakakosha zvidzidzo zvinotora nguva yakawanda kupfuura kudzidza kuyunivhesiti, uko vadzidzisi vanotoziva kuti sei uye rudzii rweruzivo rwekupa kwauri. 
6. Nokuramba kudzidza kuyunivhesiti, munhu anorasikirwa nezvakawanda zvinokosha zvekubatana kwevanhu uye unyanzvi, achisvetuka kubva kuchikoro ("mwana" nyika) kushanda ("mukuru"). "Kubudirira" uku kuchaita kuti inzwike muhupenyu hwehunyanzvi, kana kukanganisa kwebasa kukaitika uye vakomana vane zvitupa uye kugona kutaurirana pane imwechete wavelength nemushandirwi vanouya kumberi. Chiitiko chakafanana chinogona kucherechedzwa kana mudzidzi ane makore gumi nemashanu akapedza chikoro pakutanga apinda muchikoro - kutenderera gore re15-2th anongoerekana aputsika uye kubva kune ane chipo anoshanduka kuita C mudzidzi, zvakanyanya nekuda kwekuti pane imwe nzvimbo huwandu hunodiwa hwemashoko hauna kugamuchirwa. Ndiyo nyaya imwe chete nekutaurirana.
7. Yunivhesiti inzira yakanaka yekuzvinatsiridza iwe mukudzidza (dzidziso) uye kushanda (kudzidzira) panguva imwe chete uye uine nguva yekugadzira iyo yakakodzera chikuva chebasa remangwana (iwe unoshanda, unzwisise zvaunoda kutora kubva muzvidzidzo zvako, uuye dzidziso yekushanda, gadzirisa chimwe chinhu uye zvishoma nezvishoma uwane niche yako). 
8. Nguva pfupi yadarika, mayunivhesiti nemakambani anga achishanda pamwe chete maererano nekuhaya vashandi, mainternship, kudzidziswa kunoshanda, zvikoro zvezhizha, nezvimwe. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kudzidza kuyunivhesiti kunokuswededza pedyo nekushanda mumakambani epamusoro nemasangano, kunorerutsa uye kupfupisa nzira yebasa rako rekutanga. Mukana wakanaka, nharo dzine simba.
9. Yunivhesiti inzira yekunzvenga uto :) 

Nharo pamusoro pe "

Kutaura chokwadi, ini handina, saka ndicharatidza nharo dzevanopikisa dzidzo yepamusoro uye edza kuzviongorora.
 

1. Kubudirira muhupenyu hakunei nedanho redzidzo. Vateveri veanozvigadzira pros vanokatyamadzwa nemienzaniso yeZuckerberg, Gates, Mabasa uye vanozivisa kuti zvinogoneka kutanga basa uye kuve mamirioni. Idzi inyaya dzakanaka kwazvo, asi zvichiri kunze uko nyeredzi dzese dzakaenderana: tarenda, nyanzvi, chipo chemuzvinabhizinesi, uye hwaro hwakakodzera hwakapihwa nevabereki. Mukuwedzera, vakomana ava vakawana vavakaroorana navo uye vasonganiri mukati memadziro emayunivhesiti uye vakasiya chikoro pavakave neiyo pfungwa huru. Kusiyana neizvi, ndinogona kutaura Sergei Brin, Larry Page, Ilya Segalovich, Arkady Volozh - ava vanhu vane dzidzo yakaisvonaka, uye havana kurega nguva yavo pairi. Zvakare, iyo nyika inofanirwa kuverengerwa: muRussia uye nyika dzekare-USSR, kukosha kwedzidzo kunenge kwakafanana nechitendero.
2. Yunivhesiti ndeye zvese nezve theory, hapana kunhuwa kwekuita ikoko. Hongu, yunivhesiti ine dzidziso yakawanda, pasina iyo hapagone kuve nekuita. Iwe unogona kuvaka humba pasi chaipo, asi haugone kuvaka imba yekutandarira kana skyscraper nenzira iyi - inoyangarara nekudonha pauriri hwechipiri. Pasina masvomhu, fizikisi, izvo zvekutanga zvealgorithmization, kunzwisisa kwemisimboti yekushanda kwePC, nezvimwe. haugone kugadzira software inotonhorera kana kuve injinjiniya yakanaka - zvese zvaunoita zvichange zvakaita DIY. Kuti uve wakarurama kune maonero evanopikisa, dzidziso yeyunivhesiti inogona kunge isingakoshi, uye zvinhu zviviri zvichabatsira kurarama neizvi: 1) kufunga kwakadzama; 2) chiitiko chinoshanda, icho chinozotsanangura zvinodikanwa zveiyo theoretical hwaro.
3. Ruzivo nderwechinyakare; chokwadi chinongowanikwa mukuita. Rumwe ruzivo ruri kuve rwechinyakare uye, zvinosuruvarisa, vadzidzisi havasi kukurumidza kugadzirisa ruzivo muTalmuds yavo. Nekudaro, izvi zvine chekuita nechikamu chinoshanda, asi hachikanganisi dzidziso dzakakosha (zvakanaka, ndiko kuti, nzira dzekurapa appendicitis dzachinja, asi chimiro chemunhu hachina kushanduka munguva inofanoona), saka dambudziko rinoda kugadziriswa: enda. kuimba yekuverengera, kuInternet, kuna Habr uye kuzadza maburi neruzivo rwazvino . 
4. Yakareba uye inodhura. Makore mashanu eyunivhesiti inguva yakabudirira kwazvo yenguva muhupenyu: vechidiki vane nguva yekugadzira uye kuva vanhu vakuru, vanhu vanoshanda. Uye nguva ino inofanira kushandiswa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira mukusimudzira, pakuziva mitauro yekunze, pakuzviedza iwe pachako mukudzidzira (iwe uri mudzidzi, hapana achakutonga iwe nekuda kwekugara uchichinja mabasa, kudzidzira, kuputsa mune ruzivo rwebasa, nezvimwewo. asi mushure meyunivhesiti zvinhu izvi hazvishande uye zvichamutsa mibvunzo yakawanda). Shandisa zvakanyanya iyi nguva pfupi yenguva 100%. 

   Asi neyakabhadharwa, iyi idambudziko, hongu, kune nzvimbo shoma dzebhajeti, kune kukwikwidza kwakawanda. Mubvunzo wekubhadhara kwedzidzo unoramba wakazaruka - mune zvebhizimisi, kubhadhara kuchava kwenguva refu uye kunonoka.

5. Kune akawanda maprofesheni anowanikwa pasina dzidzo yepamusoro kana sekondari. Hongu, pane, ini ndinogona kudoma rondedzero: SMM maneja, asiri-musimboti copywriter, mutengesi, call-center mushandi, mutsigiri, pamwe kunyangwe director. Asi ndinofunga kuti iyi haisi iyo rondedzero inonakidza kuvaverengi. Kana usina chokwadi, vhura "My Circle" kana hh.ru uye tarisa zvinodiwa zvechinzvimbo chaunoda - kazhinji, dzidzo yepamusoro kana isina kukwana ndiyo yekutanga kana yechipiri mutsara. Uye vashandirwi vane chikonzero cheizvi: kana iwe wakagamuchira dzidzo yepamusoro, zvinoreva kuti iwe unoziva kufunga, kuongorora, kudzidziswa, kurongeka, kugadzirira kuzadzisa zvinangwa uye kunzwisisa chii chinoitika, basa, nguva dzekupedzisira, mabasa, nezvimwe. vari. Vanozvidzidzisa vanozvidzidzira vanozvimiririra vanosarudza kutora nzira yevashandi vakabhadharwa nebasa rekusingaperi havavimbike zvakanyanya nemushandirwi, kunyangwe dzimwe nguva izvi hazvina kurongeka. 

Kazhinji, kana iwe uine mukana, iwe unofanirwa kuenda neyunivhesiti: iwe unogashira hwaro, hunyanzvi, hukama, uye basa rakakura rinopihwa. Uye makore emudzidzi zvakare nezve rudo, hushamwari, kunakidzwa, kusingadzoreki kuyedza uye kazhinji inopenya, inonakidza nguva. Kuritsanangura mushoko rimwe - kaleidoscope.

Ndokupi kuwana dzidzo yepamusoro?

Saka, mudzidzi akapasa Unified State Exam, uye iye zvino ari munyoreri ane zvibodzwa zvakanaka, anokwanisa kuwana mayunivhesiti mazhinji mumaguta akasiyana. Asi, sezvamunoziva, Moscow State University uye Moscow State Technical University nhaka pfuma Moscow uye vasiri rabha, izvo zvinoreva kuti zvakakodzera kuongorora kana zvakakosha zvikuru kukunda Sparrow Hills.

• Guta rako pachako / dunhu ndiyo yakanakisa sarudzo: iwe unochengetedza paimba, chikafu, nzendo dzekumba, nezvimwe, une shamwari nemhuri padyo, hapana "immigrant" depression, iyo inokurova iwe usati watanga chando chikamu mushure mefungu. kudhakwa kwakaderedza rusununguko uye mufaro. Makwikwi mumusika wevashandi yakaderera, kunyangwe nhamba yemakambani idiki (zvakare, zvinoenderana nenharaunda - semuenzaniso, muNizhny Novgorod neKazan kune akawanda eIT makambani uye engineering nzvimbo). Asi guta rako rinogona kunge risina dhipatimendi raunoda / fakaroti / yunivhesiti / hunyanzvi.
• Rimwe guta (kwete guta guru) ndizvo zvinoitika paunowana nzvimbo iri pedyo kana yakakodzera yekudzidza nekufamba. Izvi zvinounza mamwe mari uye matambudziko, asi zvinowedzera denderedzwa reshamwari, zvaunofarira, uye zvinobatsira kukurumidza kukura. Kana wapedza kudzidza, unogona kusarudza mushandirwi muguta rekufunda, mutaundi rekumusha kwako, nezvimwe. - hapana zvinorambidzwa. 
• Rimwe guta (guta guru) isarudzo iyo vanhu vazhinji vanovavarira, zvinoreva kuti uchave nemakwikwi anotyisa muyunivhesiti uye mukutsvaga basa. Mari yacho ichave yakanyanya kukwira, asi ivo vanozobhadhara nekukurumidza: muguta guru kune mikana yakawanda yekudzidzira, kudzidziswa, basa - rakabhadharwa uye remahara, kana pasina basa. Muchokwadi, iwe unogona kudzidza 3-4 nguva zvakanyanya, kushanda nevarapi, uye nekushingaira kuwedzera denderedzwa rako rekubatanidza bhizinesi. Sezvinoratidzwa nechiitiko, kazhinji iwe uchagarawo muguta guru rebasa - saka ronga hukama hwako nemhuri yako. Panewo kukanganisa: kana ukadzokera kumusha wako, vashandi vanogona kunge vakangwarira uye vanobvunza mibvunzo pamusoro pekuti sei usina kugadzirisa muMoscow / St. Chero chingava chikonzero chechokwadi, chimwe chete chinoshanda: vavariro dzemhuri dzakabatana nevabereki.
• Kudzidzira kunze kwenyika inyaya yakaoma uye ine gakava. Kana ukabva wangopedza chikoro, saka unofanirwa kusarudza iyo "koreji-yunivhesiti" system, kana kugadzirira kuenda kuyunivhesiti (zvakanyanya kuoma). Zviri nyore - mushure megore rechipiri reyunivhesiti "yedu", pinda chikoro chebhizinesi kana yunivhesiti (chero iwe uine mwero wakakwana wemutauro wenyika yekudzidza). Uye pakupedzisira, imwe sarudzo: kupedza kudzidza kubva kuyunivhesiti yeRussia uye kuwana dzidzo kunze kwenyika (iyo MBA pane isingaenzaniswi nani, asi zvakanyanya pane iyo muchikamu chinotevera). Kana iwe uri kudzidza kune imwe nyika, unofanirwa kunzwisisa kwauchashanda uye naani: haasi makambani ese akagadzirira kuzviganhurira kune diploma yekune dzimwe nyika, kune vamwe ichi chinowedzera, kune vamwe chiri minus; mamwe madhipuroma anogona kunge asina basa. Somuenzaniso, mumwe wandinozivana naye akasiya yunivhesiti yeRussia mugore rake rechipiri ndokupedza kudzidza kuLondon Business School (mumwe wevakatanga kudzidza), asi asina kurongeka akadzokera kunogara kuRussia uye akatanga agamuchira mhinduro dzisinganzwisisiki “zvingava nani kana akapedza kudzidza payunivhesiti yako,” ipapo kuramba kuwana basa mune rimwe sangano rehurumende , uye ipapo akarega ndokutora makirasi enguva isina kuzara. Asi angangove makore gumi apfuura; zvino, chokwadika, zvaizova nyore.

Saka, iwe wakapinda yunivhesiti uye zvino zvakakosha kuve nechokwadi chekuti makore 5-6-7 anozove asiri mabiko uye kutandara nevaviri, asi inguva yekukwidza hunhu hwako kusvika ku80. 

Makore kuyunivhesiti - gara pa5+

Chekutanga kosi: newbies, hanzi, chiedza, demo uye denderedzwa rekutanga regehena?

▍ Mamiriro ezvinhu

Chikanganiso chikuru ndechekufunga kuti gore rekutanga kuenderera mberi kwechikoro, uye zvese zvichave zviri nyore uye zvakajairika. Chokwadi, hurongwa hwedzidzo, hwakambobata nevadzidzi zvine hunhu uye nenzira kwayo sezvazvinogona: mugore rekutanga kune dzidziso dzakawanda, uye 2-3 chete inokonzera matambudziko chaiwo mukudzidza (uye mune chero hunyanzvi, hatisi kungotaura chete. nezvemasvomhu epamusoro). Asi kosi yekutanga yakaoma, nekuti:

• nzvimbo itsva yekukurukurirana uye nhanho itsva yekukurukurirana
• Mwana wechikoro wanezuro atova munhu mukuru uye akazvimiririra kune wese
• matambudziko ezuva nezuva anomuka (kunyanya kana uchidzidza kure nekumba)
• Chimiro chekudzidzisa chiri kuchinja: hurukuro, kudzidzira (semina), bvunzo, bvunzo - izvi zvaive zvishoma kuchikoro.
• humwe ruzivo rwechikoro hunoita sehusingakoshi zvachose uye husina maturo, maonero enyika yesayenzi anonyatsopindurwa (pamusoro pemanzwiro akafanana paunodzidza nezvekuvapo kwenhamba dzisina musoro)
• kuziva kuti giredhi rako uye magumo zvingangotsamira kwete chete padanho rekugadzirira, asiwo nemafungiro, uye dzimwe nguva mamiriro epfungwa dzemudzidzisi. 

▍Ungararama sei?

Chinhu chikuru ndechekugadzirira kutanga kwezvidzidzo zvako uye kuyeuka chirevo chegoridhe uye chechokwadi: "Kwemakore matatu ekutanga iwe unoshanda kumagiredhi ako, ipapo mamakisi anokushandira iwe." Mitemo iri nyore sezvinobvira.

• Usakundwa nemuedzo wekusvetuka makirasi uye kuita chimwe chinhu nekuda kwekure kure kwebvunzo - chekutanga, ruzivo rutsva zvachose, chechipiri, haufanirwe kukanganisa hukama hwako nevadzidzisi, chechitatu, nekuda kwekupinda hurukuro nemasemina. kusunungurwa pabvunzo nekuongorora kwakanaka (nditendei, zviri nani "kugara kunze" huzivi neCSE pane kuzvidzidza panguva yechikamu apo masvomhu epamusoro kana nyanzvi yefizikisi, chemistry, uye biology zvava kusvika).
• Kudzidza. Ndinonyatso kutaridzika saCaptain Obvious izvozvi? Iri mugore rekutanga iwe uchawana ruzivo runoumba hwaro hwemakore ako ekudzidza. Zvichakadaro, zvese zvinoshivirira uye zvakavimbika, unogona kudzidza kudzidza: nzwisisa kuti ingani hurukuro nemasemina zvakakukwanira iwe, uko zviri nyore kutora zvimwe zvinhu, zviri nyore sei kugadzirira bvunzo (ndiri kupa chirevo: mberi), uye pakupedzisira, munzvimbo dzipi mumuviri uye zvivako zvayo, zviri nani kuvanza mapepa ekubiridzira (zvinotonhorera zvikuru kunyora pamitsetse michena yemashizha ane mitsetse yakagadzirwa). Nekudaro, iwe uchasangana neakaomesesa 2nd uye 3rd makosi akashonga zvakakwana uye kuita kuti basa rako rive nyore.
• Nzwisisa zviwanikwa uye kwaunobva. Kuyunivhesiti, unotarisana nemhando dzinoverengeka dzezvinyorwa zveruzivo: hurukuro, zvinyorwa (vadzidzisi vakanaka vane zvinyorwa zviri nani), mabhuku ezvidzidzo, mabhuku edzidzo (semuenzaniso, ini handingati akafanana Schildt kana O'Reilly mabhuku ezvinyorwa), magazini. (kune vadzidzi veIT, hazvina basa zvakadaro, asi kune zvechisikigo sainzi uye vanhu - inofanirwa kuverenga), iyo Internet uye kunyanya nzvimbo dzehunyanzvi (Habr, Toster, Stack Overflow). Zvakakosha kusarudza kuti ndezvipi zvinoenderana nehunyanzvi hwako uye magadzirirwo ezvinyorwa. Mumakore ekukwegura hapazovi nenguva yeizvi - iwe uchada kudzidza maererano nemitemo yakagadzwa, dzidziso dzakakosha dzichawedzera. Nenzira, mabhuku mashomanana akaverengwa pamusoro pehurukuro ndeye +100 pakugadzirira bvunzo uye kunaka kwemhinduro, asi "mudzidzi akachenjera" anogona kutungamirira kumatambudziko. 
• Taurirana, ziva vaunodzidza navo uye hupenyu hwemudzidzi, wira murudo :)

Mugore rako rekutanga, haufanirwe kutsauswa uye kutsvaga basa, kuregeredza zvidzidzo zvako, kana kuita zvekuzvivaraidza. Ino ndiyo nguva yekusatombotanga, asi kuwana simba uye misa pamberi pegore rechipiri - kutanga chaiko. Haina kunyanya kuoma, yakasununguka uye inonakidza kupfuura chikoro, inongonakidza. 

Kosi yechipiri: kutanga kusvika greyhound

▍ Mamiriro ezvinhu

Mugore rechipiri, kuenzana pakati pezvidzidzo zvakasiyana uye zvidzidzo zvakajairika zvinotanga kushanduka, kudzidza kunowedzera kuoma uye ... kujeka, sezvo mudzidzi anotarisana nezvinetso zvinoshanda uye anotanga kuona unyanzvi hwake. Mafomu matsva ekubika anooneka, ayo mugore rekutanga anoita senge kuyedza: colloquium, yakakomba kosi, mapurojekiti akabatanidzwa. Kudzidza kuri kuenda muchikamu chitsva, asi hachisati chave kufambira mberi - isu tinofanirwa kugona chikamu chikuru cheruzivo rutsva. Asi ipapo iwe unotojaira kuvadzidzisi, mitemo yehofisi yedhipatimendi, vaunodzidza navo uye mitemo yemutambo.

▍Ungararama sei?

• Ramba uchidzidza pasina kusvetuka, uye nyatso nyora ruzivo. Ini ndaifarira chirongwa ichi: nyora pasi hurukuro, uchimaka mapoinzi asina kujeka nemubvunzo mumicheto munzira, uye ipapo mukati mevhiki uve nenguva yekuona pfungwa idzi uye, kana chimwe chinhu chikaramba chisina kujeka, enda unobvunza mudzidzisi. Iyi nzira inonyanya kuwedzera kudzika kwezivo, uye nzira yakakomba inoita fungidziro inofadza (+1 pabvunzo). 
• Kana paine mukana wakadaro, wedzera mutoro uye enda kunodzidza kune yechipiri dzidzo yepamusoro kana kuwana dzidzo ine chekuita nemutauro weChirungu (chero mumwe mutauro waunoda). Uku hakusi kupenga: chekutanga, uropi hwakatojaira kudzidza nekuwedzera hupamhi hwekudzidza hauzozviremedze, uye chechipiri, hapana makirasi mazhinji pamakosi ekunyorerana (zvikamu zvekutanga kaviri pagore, izvo, zvakare, hazvienderane. pamwe nemasikati). Iwe uchapedza kudzidza kubva kuyunivhesiti nemadiploma maviri uye ugamuchire bhonasi yakanaka pakutanga kwebasa rako. 

  

• Tanga kuongorora zvaunoda ramangwana uye uone sarudzo yako yekutanga: unoda kuenda kunoshanda mundima yekutengeserana kana sainzi. Iyo imwezve vector yekuedza kwako inoenderana neizvi: batanidza kune dhipatimendi / marabhoritari uye, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, uwane bhajeti-inotsigirwa nemari chikoro (zvakanaka, tinonyora takatendeseka, handiti?) mukurwa chaiko. Nenzira, basa remudzidzi wezvesayenzi ibatsiro rakanakisisa mune zvidzidzo, zvose kubva pakuona kwehutano hwemashoko uye kubva pakuona kwekuremekedzwa kwakawanda. Zvisinei, pfungwa inogona kuchinja. Sarudzo yangu pane imwe nguva yakawira pasainzi - pakanga paine dhipatimendi, uye akawanda emisangano yesainzi, uye zvinyorwa kubva pagore rechipiri kusvika rechishanu, uye rubatsiro kumudzidzisi mukunyora dissertation yake, uye bhajeti-inotsigirwa nemari yechikoro. Asi sarudzo yakaitwa mukufarira mari uye chikoro chakapedza chikoro chakapera nemakore matatu eruzivo rwekutengesa uye dzidziso yakafanana. Pakasvika nguva yekuita sarudzo, simba rebhizimisi nemari zvakasarudza. Ini handizvidembi, asi ini handizvikurudzire zvakare. Sayenzi inotonhorera, kushanda mubhizinesi zvakare. Iko kusanganiswa ndeyemoto, asi iyi ndeyevane rombo rakanaka :)

Nenzira, mushure megore rechipiri mamwe makambani anoendesa vadzidzi kuzvikoro zvezhizha uye mainternship, chero vaine ruzivo rwakakwana rweiyo tekinoroji stack (yeiyo Khabrov, Intel ine mukurumbira neizvi, kosi yakanaka kwazvo yezhizha ine mabasa chero kufarira). Iva nechokwadi chekuedza kukwira pane imwe.

Kosi yechitatu: kosi yebasa

▍ Mamiriro ezvinhu

Gore rechitatu inguva yekuchinja muhupenyu hwemudzidzi: hunyanzvi hwekudzidzisa hunokunda, nguva yasvika yekuona nyanzvi, zviri mubhuku rerekodhi zvinowana simba, equator inoitika muchando (muyedzo wakadii!). Basa rakakosha pane ino nhanho nderekuwana yakakwira avhareji mamakisi kuitira kuti upinde mune yaunoda nyanzvi, uye kwete kuganhurwa nekwaunotumirwa. Basa rechipiri nderekuedza ruoko rwako pabasa chairo, ingave iri 0,25 chiyero mukambani, shanda murabhoritari, kana isina kubhadharwa internship. Izvi zvinozoita kuti zvive nyore kwauri kuwiriranisa zvibodzwa zvinoshanda uye theoretical kuyerera kuitira kuti ugadzire yakakosha nyanzvi.

▍Ungararama sei?

• Tsvaga basa maererano nehuwandu hwako (izvi zvakakosha) kwehafu yezuva. Izvi zvinoitwa zviri nyore: nyora resume uye tsamba yekuvhara, kwaunoratidza hunyanzvi hwako hwese uye zvawawana uye wozvitumira kune kero dzeHR dzemakambani akakodzera; enda kubvunzurudzo wakadzikama uye mubvumirane pane yakakosha chirongwa chebasa uye muhoro mudiki (usave wakapusa pano - muhoro unofanirwa kuwanikwa kuburikidza neruzivo, uye kwete kutorwa nekuzvikudza). Kubasa, ive shuwa yekubvunza mibvunzo, teerera kune vaunoshanda navo uye wakadzikama kupedza mabasa - rangarira, hunyanzvi hunotanga nemabasa enguva dzose anoda kunzwisiswa kune yakakosha.
• Ramba uchidzidza uchishandisa hunyanzvi hwatozivikanwa uye hacks yehupenyu. Iva nechokwadi chekuwana hukama pakati pebasa nekudzidza - izvi zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kunzwisisa nekurangarira.
• Ramba uri munzira yako yesainzi: sarudza musoro uri padyo newe uye edza kupira kosi yako yese kwairi - saka panozopera zvidzidzo zvako unenge watopedza thesis. Iri izano rinotonhorera uye zvinotoshamisa kuti nei risingawanzo kushandiswa.

Gore rechina: kukura muhunyanzvi

▍ Mamiriro ezvinhu

Yechina kosi, sekutonga, iri nyore kupfuura yechitatu - nekuti inosimudzira, inoidzika. Iwe unotova nekunzwisisa kwehunyanzvi hwako, iwe une ingangoita imwe internship uye akati wandei ekudzidzira kumashure kwako, iwe unoziva zvinofungwa nevadzidzisi nezvazvo, uye ivo vanoziva izvo zvauri mese zvakakosha. Ndiyo panguva ino iwe unogona kubhadhara zvakanyanya kubasa, uye dzimwe nguva zvibvumira kurega zvidzidzo zveupenzi uye seminamato (pasina kunyanyisa).

▍Ungararama sei?

• Usagumbuka uye usapinda mudambudziko.
• Chenjerera basa.
• Famba mberi uye kudzamisa zvidzidzo zvako nebasa resainzi. Ino ndiyo nguva yekutaura zvakasimba kana iwe uchizopedza chikoro uye chii chakakosha. Tarisa papasipoti yehunyanzvi hwakasarudzwa, tarisa kana iripo kuyunivhesiti yako (mune imwe nyaya yemumwe munhu nyaya yacho ichaita yakaoma kunzwisisa).

Mutsetse wokupedzisa uri pamberi pako. Inotevera - ingave gore rechishanu kana dhigirii raTenzi, izvo zvisinganyanyosiyana kubva kune mumwe nemumwe (kunze kwenguva yekudzidza). 

Gore rechishanu / dhigirii ratenzi: kukura - basa - kukura'

▍ Mamiriro ezvinhu

Gore rechishanu rinonakidza zvikuru. Kune rimwe divi, vanoedza kurovera zvese zvavanogona mumesita yekutanga uye kune zvirango zvakaoma chaizvo nekutaura kunorema. Nekune rimwe divi, semesita yechipiri inogadzira fungidziro isiriyo yekupedza kudzidza kubva kuyunivhesiti: hurukuro dzinongove dzekutanga pamberi pebvunzo dzehurumende, hapana bvunzo kana zvinomanikidza zvinodiwa. Asi gore rino chinhu chinonyanya kukosha ndeye bvunzo dzehurumende (nyika bvunzo) uye diploma kudzivirira. Uye mune dzimwe nzira dzakareruka kupfuura makore apfuura, asi mutoro uye kuedza kumwe chete (zvakanaka, mune imwe nyaya yakakwana) inoita kuti ive yakaoma yakaoma.

▍Ungararama sei?

• Mugore rechishanu, chinhu chikuru hachisi kunonoka kugadzirira. Maiwe, iyo diploma / thesis yatenzi yezororo raMay inobuda zvinosemesa uye zvinonyadzisa, kunyangwe yakazvarwa kubva kusainzi uye kosi yemakore apfuura. Ndiyo nyaya imwechete nemichina yenyika - nhamo, vhoriyamu iyi haigone kuvharwa nehusiku humwe. 
• Mukutanga kwegore, iwe uchapihwa mutariri wediploma uye pre-graduate kudzidzira. Sangana naye, taura, bvunza nezvezvinodiwa, ita chirongwa. Maiwe, zvinoitika kuti mudzidzisi akanyatsokodzera anozova mutariri anosemesa uye asingatarisirwi wetisisi uyo anozoverenga zvidhinha zvako panguva yekupedzisira uye anoshoropodza zvese, kana (uye izvi zvakanyanya kuipa) kusiya pakuongorora kwakadzama. Kana muna Zvita-Ndira iwe uchinzwa kuti kune matambudziko nemutariri weiyo thesis, anoramba achida kutsiva uye usatya kumurega: haazodzingwa kana kunyimwa mabhonasi, uye iwe uchava nematambudziko akavimbiswa.
• Paunongogamuchira migove yebvunzo dzehurumende, tora kabhuku uye gwaro rakasiyana muPC yako uye tanga kugadzirira. Kwasara mwedzi musangano wehurumende usati waitwa, unofanira kunge uine mibvunzo yese yagadziriswa. Iwe haufaniri kutora zvinyorwa zvegore rapera - sekutonga, vane makore 7-10, uye mazhinji acho ane ruzivo rwekare. Ini handidi kuvimbisa chero munhu, asi hurumende ine hunyengeri - pazuva rebvunzo pacharo uye nezuro, mamwe mashura anoitika. Iyo chaiyo dhizaini ndiyo kiyi yekubudirira, unonzwisisa :)
• Nyora thesis yako pamberi, gadzirira zvinhu, shanda kuburikidza nechikamu chinoshanda. Iva nechokwadi chekuratidza diploma yako kubasa kana kunzvimbo yako yekudzidzira kune nyanzvi ine hanya, nenzira iyi unogona kudzivirira kukanganisa kwakanyanya. 
• Pamiyedzo yenyika, pindura nechivimbo uye zvakajeka, uchisiya mapoinzi akajeka - ivo vanokumisa nekukubvunza nezve idzi pfungwa. Haisi kushanda nguva dzose, asi zvakazara zano rakanaka. Padhipuroma rako, yeuka chinhu chimwe: muvateereri unoziva musoro wako zvirinani kupfuura chero ani zvake, zvinoreva kuti zvakakosha kuendesa ruzivo rwako kune komisheni, kuratidza kutsanangurwa kwechinyorwa uye kufarira (usarovera kana kuverenga kubva pachidimbu. yepepa). 

Mushure mekudzivirira diploma yako, kukosha kwako senyanzvi kunowedzera zvakanyanya - uye izvi ndezvechokwadi, nokuti mumusika weRussia mu99% yezviitiko, nyanzvi isina dzidzo inongova mudzidzi. Asi chekutanga, kukosha kwako kunowedzera kana iwe uchitoshanda - nekuti ikozvino unogona kupa zuva rakazara kushanda. Yave nguva yekutora nhanho yekutanga yekukura kwebasa. 

Yunivhesiti: mubvunzo - mhinduro

Chii chekuita kana ukafoira bvunzo?

Usavhunduka, usapemha, usaedze kuita chiokomuhomwe. Iwe uchave nemimwe mikana miviri + komisheni (inosiyana kubva kuyunivhesiti kuenda kuyunivhesiti). Nzwisisa zvikanganiso zvako, dzidzira mashoko acho, kumbira mudzidzisi wako nevaunodzidza navo kuti vakubatsire. Zvinokwanisika kuhaya mudzidzisi ari kutora bvunzo semurairidzi kwenguva pfupi. Kana chikonzero chiri chemusoro, nyunyuta uye kumbira kuti komisheni iitwe.

Nzira yekupasa sei bvunzo nyore?

Gadzirira mberi, enda nepakati pematikiti ese. Paunenge uchigadzirira kushandisa 2-3 mamwe masosi eruzivo, dzidza kuunza ruzivo muchimiro chedhayagiramu - nenzira iyi iwe uchayeuka zviri nani "skeleton", uye mamwe ese anokura ari ega. 

Ndingatsanangurira sei mudzidzisi kuti ndiri kushanda?

Vadzidzisi vazhinji havadi vadzidzi vanoshanda nekuti vanokonzera matambudziko mazhinji. Edza kukumbira ruregerero pachine nguva (kwete mushure mechokwadi!) Uye tsanangura kuti dzimwe nguva hauzokwanisi kuenda kumisangano uye hurukuro nokuti unofanira kushanda. Asi iwe unovimbisa zvakasimba kuti hausi kusunungurwa kubva pabvunzo uye kuedza pfungwa dzakanaka kubva muhurukuro mumamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo ebasa.

Ndingatsanangurira sei wandinoshandira kuti ndiri kudzidza?

Vashandirwi havadi vadzidzi, asi iko zvino vari kuwedzera kugara. Kurukurai muhoro, kushanda uye maawa ekushanda, purogiramu, kukurumidza kwekugadzirisa matambudziko. Sarudza huwandu hwemabasa awakagadzirira kuita nemhando yakavimbiswa. Musoro wakatendeseka uye wakangwara une chikamu chechikamu chemuhoro wakakwana hauzove wakawandisa, asi kana iwe usingakwanise kusvika pachibvumirano, shandura basa rako, usatambise nguva. Kunzwisisa uye ruremekedzo zvakakosha kupfuura chero tsika dzekambani. Maiwe, havasi vese vanonzwisisa izvi.

Maraibhurari akafa here?

Aihwa. Uye zvakare, imba yekuverengera uye raibhurari yeyunivhesiti yako inzira iri nyore yekuchengetedza mari yakawanda pane zvimwe zvekuwedzera, mapepa ezvinyorwa uye zvinyorwa.

Kana iwe uchida kufamba-famba, chii chaunofanira kusarudza: hurukuro kana seminari (kudzidzira)?

Hapana mazano epasi rose. Hurukuro dzinopa rumwe ruzivo, kudzidzira kwakakosha chete kune tekinoroji (kuverenga) chirango; mune yasara, vaunodzidza navo uye iwe uchaverenga mishumo kubva papepa rakadhindwa. Uye zvinoitika kuti pamasemina pane nhaurirano uye basa reboka rinotonhorera, uye hurukuro iri kuverenga bhuku kubva zvino kusvika zvino. Tarisa mamiriro acho ezvinhu, asi zviri nani kuti usasvetuka pasina chikonzero, kuitira kuti gare gare zvive nyore kupfuura.

Ndinofanira kubatanidzwa muhurumende yevadzidzi?

Kana iwe uine nguva, hongu, izvi zvinokupa iwe zvishoma musoro kutanga muzvidzidzo zvako uye zvichakusunga iwe zvakanyanya kuyunivhesiti. Zvinonyanya kukosha kuita zvehungwaru electives: Scientific Student Society, iyo “Chii? Kupi? Rini?" zvichingoenda zvakadaro. Pane imwe nguva, ichi chinogona kuve chinhu chinogadzirisa kana uchinge wapinda purogiramu yatenzi kana pakuendesa kuhurongwa hwebhajeti. Chinhu chikuru hachisi kurega hupenyu hwemudzidzi huchibvisa nguva kubva pakudzidza nekushanda.

Vakandimanikidza...uye ndaida kuva (chiremba wemhuka, chiremba, programmer, biologist, munyori wenhoroondo, nyanzvi yezvematongerwo enyika, geologist ...).

Isu tinorarama munguva yakasarudzika: unogona kutamisa, kudzidzisazve, kuwana imwe dzidzo yepamusoro uye kuisanganisa neyako huru. Dzimwe nguva unogona kungoedza kushanda kunze kwehunyanzvi hwako, uchiratidza kugona kwako kuzvidzora uye kudzidza. Chinhu chikuru hachisi chokuzvinyudza mukurota kusina maturo, asi kuita - pa35 iwe hauchazoda kushingaira kushandura chero chinhu, uye basa richava mutoro. 

Yunivhesiti inhanho, ndiyo hwaro hwebasa rose iro chero munhu wemazuva ano anofanira kuve naro. Uye kuitora sechinhu chisina basa ingori maximalist chinzvimbo chinozodzoka kuzokushungurudza iwe gare gare. Naizvozvo, memes memes, asi hupenyu hwakasiyana uye hunoda mabhenefiti epamusoro munzvimbo yemakwikwi. Usatambise nguva, zvichadzorera.

Makaro postscript

Uye kana iwe watokura uye iwe unoshaya chimwe chinhu chekusimudzira, semuenzaniso, simba rakanaka VPS, enda ku RUVDS webhusaiti - Tine zvinhu zvakawanda zvinonakidza.

Source: www.habr.com