Kugadzira motokari dzinozvifambisa dzinogona kuita sarudzo dzevanhu dzave dziri chinangwa chenguva refu chemakambani akaita seWaymo, GM Cruise, Uber nevamwe. Intel Mobileye inopa Responsibility-Sensitive Safety (RSS) masvomhu modhi, iyo kambani inotsanangura se "common sense" nzira inoratidzirwa nekuronga iyo autopilot kuti iite "zvakanaka" nzira, sekupa dzimwe mota kodzero yenzira. . Kune rimwe divi, NVIDIA irikushingairira kuvandudza Safety Force Field, tekinoroji-yakavakirwa sarudzo yekuita tekinoroji inotarisisa zviito zvisina kuchengetedzeka zvevashandisi vemigwagwa vakatenderedza nekuongorora data kubva kuma sensors emotokari munguva chaiyo. Iye zvino boka revasayendisiti kubva kuMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) rabatana netsvagurudzo iyi uye vakaronga nzira nyowani yakavakirwa pakushandiswa kwemamepu akafanana neGPS uye data rinoonekwa rinowanikwa kubva kumakamera akaiswa pamotokari kuitira kuti autopilot ifambe pane isingazivikanwe. nzira dzakafanana nemunhu.nzira.
Vanhu vane shasha pakutyaira mota mumigwagwa yavasati vambopinda. Tinongoenzanisa zvatinoona zvakatipoteredza nezvatinoona pamidziyo yedu yeGPS kuti tizive kuti tiri kupi uye patinofanira kuenda. Mota dzinozvityaira, kune rumwe rutivi, zvinoomera zvakanyanya kufamba munzvimbo dzisingazivikanwe dzemugwagwa. Kune yega yega nzvimbo nyowani, autopilot inoda kunyatsoongorora nzira nyowani, uye kazhinji otomatiki kudzora masisitimu anovimba neakaoma 3D mepu ayo vatengesi vanovagadzirira pamberi.
Mune bepa rakataurwa svondo rino paInternational Conference on Robotics and Automation, MIT vaongorori vanotsanangura nzira yekutyaira yakazvimirira iyo "inodzidza" uye inorangarira maitiro emutyairi wekuita sarudzo pavanenge vachifamba mumigwagwa munzvimbo yeguta diki vachishandisa data chete. makamera uye iri nyore GPS-yakafanana mepu. Iye akadzidziswa autopilot anogona ipapo kutyaira mota isina mutyairi munzvimbo nyowani, kutevedzera kutyaira kwevanhu.
Kungofanana nemunhu, autopilot inoonawo kusawirirana pakati pemepu yayo nemaitiro emumugwagwa. Izvi zvinobatsira kuti sisitimu ione kana yakamira munzira, masensa, kana mepu isiriyo kuitira kuti igadzirise mafambiro emotokari.
Kuti atange kudzidzisa sisitimu iyi, mutyairi wevanhu aityaira otomatiki Toyota Prius ine akawanda makamera uye yakakosha GPS yekufambisa sisitimu yekuunganidza data kubva mumigwagwa yemudhorobha, kusanganisira dzakasiyana siyana migwagwa nezvipingamupinyi. Iyo sisitimu yakazobudirira kutyaira mota ichitevedza nzira yakafanorongwa mune imwe nzvimbo yesango yakaitirwa kuyedza mota dzinozvimiririra.
"Nehurongwa hwedu, haufanirwe kudzidzira munzira yega yega," anodaro munyori wekudzidza Alexander Amini, mudzidzi weMIT akapedza kudzidza. "Unogona kudhawunirodha mepu itsva yemota yako kuti ifambe mumigwagwa isina kumboonekwa."
"Chinangwa chedu ndechekugadzira kufamba kwakazvimirira kunoenderana nekutyaira munzvimbo nyowani," anowedzera munyori-munyori Daniela Rus, director weComputer Science uye Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL). "Semuyenzaniso, kana tikadzidzisa mota inozvimiririra kutyaira munzvimbo dzemudhorobha senge migwagwa yeCambridge, system yacho inofanirwawo kutyaira zvakanaka musango, kunyangwe isati yamboona nzvimbo yakadai."
Traditional navigation system process sensor data kuburikidza nemamodule akawanda akagadzirirwa mabasa akadai senzvimbo, mepu, kuona chinhu, kuronga kufamba uye kutungamira. Kwemakore, boka raDaniela rave kugadzira ekupedzisira-kusvika-kumagumo ekufambisa masisitimu ayo anogadzirisa sensor data uye kudzora mota pasina kudiwa kweakasarudzika mamodule. Kusvika ikozvino, zvisinei, aya mamodheru ave achishandiswa zvakanyanya pakufamba kwakachengeteka mumugwagwa, pasina chero chinangwa chaicho. Mubasa idzva, vatsvakurudzi vakanatsa hurongwa hwavo hwekupedzisira-kusvika-kumagumo kwechinangwa-kuenda-kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo yaimbozivikanwa. Kuti vaite izvi, masayendisiti akadzidzisa autopilot yavo kufanotaura kugoverwa kwakazara kwemirairo yese inogoneka yekudzora chero nguva uchityaira.
Iyo sisitimu inoshandisa muchina wekudzidza modhi inonzi convolutional neural network (CNN), inowanzoshandiswa kucherechedzwa kwemufananidzo. Panguva yekudzidziswa, sisitimu inocherekedza maitiro ekutyaira kwemutyairi wemunhu. CNN inobatanidza chidhiraivho chinotenderera nekukona kwemugwagwa, iyo yainoona kuburikidza nemakamera uye pamepu yayo diki. Nekuda kweizvozvo, iyo sisitimu inodzidza iyo inonyanya kutungamira mirairo yeakasiyana mamiriro ekutyaira, senge nzira dzakatwasuka, mana-nzira mharadzano kana T-junctions, maforogo uye kutendeuka.
"Pakutanga, pa-T-intersection, kune nzira dzakawanda dzakasiyana motokari inogona kutendeuka," anodaro Rus. "Modhi yacho inotanga nekufunga nezvese mafambiro aya, uye sezvo CNN ichiwedzera uye yakawanda data pamusoro pezviri kuitwa nevanhu mune mamwe mamiriro munzira, ichaona kuti vamwe vatyairi vanotsaukira kuruboshwe uye vamwe kukona kurudyi, asi hapana anoenda zvakananga. . Kumberi chaiko kunorambidzwa senzira inobvira, uye modhi inopedzisa kuti paT-junctions inogona kungofamba kuruboshwe kana kurudyi.
Paunenge uchityaira, iyo CNN zvakare inoburitsa zvinoonekwa mugwagwa maficha kubva kumakamera, ichiibvumira kufanotaura dzingangoshanduka nzira. Somuenzaniso, rinoratidza chikwangwani chitsvuku chekumira kana kuti mutsara wakatyoka padivi pemugwagwa sezviratidzo zvemharadzano iri kuuya. Panguva yega yega, inoshandisa iyo yakafanotaurwa mukana wekugoverwa kwemirairo yekudzora kusarudza yakanyanya kurongeka kuraira.
Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti, sekureva kwevaongorori, yavo autopilot inoshandisa mepu dziri nyore kwazvo kuchengeta nekugadzirisa. Autonomous control system inowanzo shandisa lidar mepu, iyo inotora 4000 GB yedata kuchengetedza guta reSan Francisco chete. Kune imwe neimwe itsva kuenda, mota inofanirwa kushandisa uye kugadzira mepu nyowani, izvo zvinoda huwandu hukuru hwekurangarira. Kune rimwe divi, iyo mepu inoshandiswa neiyo Autopilot nyowani inovhara nyika yese ichingogara 40 gigabytes yedata.
Munguva yekutyaira yakazvimiririra, iyo sisitimu zvakare inogara ichienzanisa data yayo yekuona nedata remepu uye inomira chero kusawirirana. Izvi zvinobatsira mota inozvimiririra zvirinani kuona pairi munzira. Uye izvi zvinoita kuti mota irambe iri munzira yakachengetedzeka, kunyangwe ikawana ruzivo rwekupinda rwunopokana: kana, toti, mota iri kufamba munzira yakatwasuka isina kutendeuka, uye iyo GPS inoratidza kuti mota inofanira kutendeukira kurudyi, mota ichaita. kuziva kuenda zvakananga kana kumira.
"Munyika chaiyo, masensa anokundikana," anodaro Amini. "Tinoda kuve nechokwadi chekuti autopilot yedu inoenderana nekutadza kwakasiyana kwema sensor nekugadzira sisitimu inogona kugamuchira chero masaini eruzha uye ichiri kufamba munzira nemazvo."
Source: 3dnews.ru