Pinda IT: tsvakiridzo yangu pamusoro pekuchinja kuenda kuIT kubva kune mamwe maindasitiri

Kana ndichitsvaga vashandi veIT, ndinowanzosangana nevanoda kukwikwidza vakachinja indasitiri yavo kuita IT mushure mekushanda kwenguva mune mamwe maindasitiri. Zvinoenderana nemanzwiro angu ekuzvibata, kune kubva ku20% kusvika ku30% yenyanzvi dzakadai mumusika wevashandi weIT. Vanhu vanowana dzidzo, kazhinji kwete yehunyanzvi - nyanzvi yehupfumi, accountant, gweta, HR, uyezve, vawana ruzivo rwebasa muhunyanzvi hwavo, vanoenda kuIT. Vamwe vanoramba vari pabasa, asi shandura indasitiri, asi vamwe vanochinja kwete chete indasitiri, asiwo basa.

Ndakasarudza kuita tsvakurudzo. Ndiri kufarira zvikonzero uye zvinokurudzira zvekutamira kuIT kubva kune mamwe maindasitiri. Uye zvakare matambudziko makuru anomuka panguva yekuchinja kwakadaro, ndeapi maturusi uye masosi eruzivo anoshandiswa neavo vanoda kuchinjira kuIT yekudzidziswa uye kuzvidzidzira. Ndakaongorora vanhu gumi nevaviri mumunhu uye 12 vanhu vakapedza ongororo yepamhepo. Maquestionnaires ainge apedzwa akamira kusvika ndichibva ndapeta maresults. Ongororo iyi yaive nemibvunzo yakawanda yakavhurika; zvaive zvakakosha kwandiri kuti vakapindura vakatsanangura sei ruzivo rwavo mumashoko avo, uye kwete izvo zvakagadzirirwa-zvakagadzirwa maumbirwo avaida kushandisa.

Survey link

Kutenda kuzhinji vaverengi vakatora chikamu muongororo. Ndafara zvikuru nenyaya dzenyu dzakadzama uye dzakatendeseka.

Pazasi ini ndinopa zvakabuda zvechidzidzo.

Vanhu zana nemakumi mana vakapinda muchidzidzo ichi.

Kuumbwa kwevateereri:
Vakadzi - 22%.
Varume - 78%.

Zvinoenderana nemhedzisiro yeongororo, anotevera hunyanzvi hweIT anonyanya kufarirwa pakati penyanzvi dzakashandura ndima yavo yekuita kuita IT:
Vagadziri (havana kuratidza hunyanzvi hwavo) - 50%
Vagadziri vepamberi - 9%
Backend Developers - 9%
HR - 6%
Vatariri veprojekiti - 6%
QA - 6%
Bhizinesi maitiro vaongorori - 6%
Vatariri vehurongwa - 5%
Tsigiro yehunyanzvi - 2%
Kutengeswa - 1%

Mabasa anonyanya kufarirwa anopinda nevakadzi ndeaya:
HR - 35%
Vagadziri (ese nyanzvi dzakasanganiswa) - 35%
Vatariri veprojekiti - 10%
Bhizinesi maitiro vaongorori - 10%
QA - 10%

Mabasa anozivikanwa zvikuru anopinda nevarume:
Vagadziri (pasina kutsanangura nyanzvi) - 48%
Vagadziri vepamberi - 11%
Backend Developers - 11%
Vatariri veprojekiti - 8%
Vatariri vehurongwa - 8%
Bhizinesi maitiro vaongorori - 5%
QA - 5%
Tsigiro yehunyanzvi - 3%
Kutengeswa - 1%

Maindasitiri akasiya vapindura:
Kupihwa kwesevhisi (kusanganisira catering) - 10%
Kudzidzisa (zvikoro, mayunivhesiti) - 10%
Mechanical engineering (dhizaini mainjiniya) - 9%
B2B kutengesa - 9%
Mari uye accounting - 9%
Retail - 8%
Kuvaka - 8%
Indasitiri yemagetsi emagetsi - 6%
Logistics uye kutakura - 6%
Electronics uye redhiyo engineering (injiniya) - 5%
Mushonga - 5%
Kugadzirwa (vashandisi, vashandisi vemichina) - 5%
Utori venhau, PR, kushambadzira - 5%
Vamwe vose (sainzi - physics, chemistry, psychology) - 5%

Kuchinjira kuIT yaive sarudzo ine musoro here?

Kune ruzhinji rwevakapindura, shanduko kuenda kuIT yaive ine musoro uye inodiwa (inoda kusvika 85%). Vakaita nhamburiko dzokuwana zivo isipo. Chikamu chidiki chavo chakachinja maindasitiri vachiri muhunyanzvi (HR, mamaneja eprojekiti). Iyo yakasara 15% yakaguma muIT netsaona, pasina chero chishuwo chakaratidza zvakajeka. Isu takangosarudza kuedza ruoko rwedu kune imwe indasitiri itsva. Uye vamwe vakatoona kurota kwehuduku mushure mekugamuchira dzidzo isiri-IT nekusimbirira kwehama.

Chii chakakukwezva kuIT?

Zvikonzero zvinonyanya kutaurwa zvaive:

• Kugona kushanda kure uye sarudza nzvimbo yako yekugara.
• Kubatanidzwa mukufambira mberi nekuvandudza.
• Ndinoda kutora chikamu mukugadzira chimwe chinhu chitsva (chiito chekugadzira).
• Anonakidza mabasa, kudiwa kwekugara uchidzidza nekuvandudza.
• Takakomberedzwa nevanhu vakangwara, vanogadzira.
• Zvinoonekwa, kukurudzira kukuru kwevashandi veIT kushanda zvichienzaniswa nekugadzirwa.
• Kuzviziva. Kukura kwomunhu. Kusika. Ndinoda kuita basa rinonakidza rine mabhenefiti anooneka uye mhedzisiro, uye kwete kusundira zvisina basa zvinhu.
• Yakagadzikana yakanyanya kudiwa kwenyanzvi, mabasa mazhinji, chivimbo mune ramangwana, tarisiro, uye kudiwa.
• Mamiriro ekushanda ari nani achienzaniswa nemamwe maindasitiri.
• Dzimwe nzira dzemazuva ano dzekutungamira, kuremekedzana.
• Mikana yekukura kwemuhoro. Higher mihoro ceilings zvichienzaniswa nemamwe maindasitiri.
• Ndaifarira kuita basa rehungwaru (musainzi), asi pane mari shoma uye hutungamiriri, mabasa akaiswa haana kunyanya kukosha.
• Mibairo yebasa rako iri nyore kuona uye kuratidza kune vamwe vanhu.
• Pane hudiki hudiki uye hukama hwegutsaruzhinji muchikwata; hapana hutongi hwakaomarara.
• Mukana wekuvandudza Chirungu chako mukutaurirana kwemazuva ese.
• Mihoro pakutanga yakakwira kupfuura, semuenzaniso, yevashandi vehurumende - vadzidzisi uye vanachiremba.
• IT vanhu vanofarira, vakadzidza, vakasiyana, vanhu vanogadzira, vanofara uye vanofara. Zvinofadza kushanda nevanhu vakadaro.

Vanosvika 25% yevakabvunzwa vakaratidza mihoro yakakwira, uye 15% yakaratidza nhamba huru yemabasa uye nekukurumidza uye nyore basa.

Zvawaitarisira zvakazadzikiswa here?

63% vakapindura kuti zvese zvavaitarisira uye pfungwa nezve indasitiri zvakasangana.
12% vakapindura kuti kushanda muIT kwakapfuura zvavaitarisira uye vakafara chose.
22% vakati zvavanotarisira hazvisati zvazadzikiswa zvizere.
3% inoti zvavaitarisira hazvina kuzadzikiswa.
Mumwe akamupindura akapindura kuti anozvidemba kushanda muIT, sezvo hutano hwake (kuona, musculoskeletal system) hwakadzikira panguva yebasa rake uye anoda kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo yebasa.

Kunetseka uye nharo dzekupokana nekutamira kuIT?

Zvinonyanya kunetseka zvakaonekwa se:

• Non-core education
• Kushaikwa kweruzivo rweindasitiri uye kutya kwekutarisa benzi uye kusagona.
• Kutya kudiwa kwekuziva huwandu hukuru hweruzivo rutsva.
• Kusatenda nezve mwero wangu weChirungu, kunyangwe ndichigona kunzwisisa zvese nemazvo uye kutaurirana pamwero unodiwa.
• Zvichava zvakaoma kuwana basa rako rekutanga.
• Chii chandinofanira kuita kana "ndisingakwanise kuibvisa"?
• Ndakavhiringika nehuwandu hwemashoko anopokana - vamwe vanorumbidza uye vanoti zvese zviri muIT zvinongonaka, vamwe vachiti basa iri ndere genius uye munhu wese aripo nekukurumidza anopisa uye anoshungurudzika.
• Vanhu vanodzidza izvi kuyunivhesiti, asi ndotangira papi?
• Kudonha kwemari pakutanga uye hapana anoziva kuti izvi zvichatora nguva yakareba sei.
• Kutya kuti vangazonyimwa basa nekuda kwezera ravo uye kushaya ruzivo rwehunyanzvi.
• Kutya kuzvinyadzisa pabvunzurudzo nekuda kwekushaya ruzivo.
• Kutya kusapfuura nguva yekuedzwa uye kusiiwa usina basa uye mari yakagadzikana.
• Runyerekupe nezve "chepfu" yevanoshanda navo.
• Zvaityisa kusiya basa uye indasitiri yandakanga ndapedzera makore anopfuura 7-10, umo ndakanga ndawana ruzivo uye imwe mhando yebasa chinzvimbo.
• Sekupokana nemuhoro wepamusoro, zvirongwa zvegrey zvinowanzoshandiswa (kwete muhoro wepamutemo wakazara kana kondirakiti nemumwe muzvinabhizinesi).

Vanosvika makumi maviri muzana evakabvunzwa vakataura kuti vanonzwisisa kuti mari yavo yaizodzikiswa nekusingaperi uye izvi zvakavatyisa, asi vakatora njodzi. Kubva pandinogumisa (zvichida ichi chirevo chinokakavadzana) kuti chikamu chakakosha cheavo "vanofunga" nezvekutamira kuIT havasarudze nekuda kwekusakwanisa kurarama kwenguva yakareba nemari shoma kupfuura yavanoshandiswa.
Vanenge 30% vaitya kuti "vaisazokwanisa kubata" basa idzva kana kuwana ruzivo rutsva.
20% vakashuma kunzwa kunetseka zvikuru vasati vabvunzurudza.
15% vaikahadzika kuti vaizokwanisa kuwana basa vasina ruzivo uye vakura.

Matambudziko makuru akamuka maererano nebasa idzva?

Hedzino dzinonyanya kufarirwa sarudzo:

• Kuoma uye kusahadzika pakusarudza gwara rekusimudzira - ndeupi mutauro wechirongwa uye stack inonyanya kuvimbisa, chii chakakosha kushandisa simba pakutanga?
• Zvakanga zvakafanira kudzidza nekukurumidza uye kugona huwandu hwakawanda hweruzivo rutsva - pfungwa uye mazwi, mamwe maitiro ebasa.
• Kuti ndikwanise kuziva ruzivo rwakawanda munguva shoma, ndakabatanidza kugona basa idzva nebasa, uye ndaifanira kugara ndichiisa pamberi.
• Kuzviranga kwaidiwa.
• Zvakanga zvakaoma zvikuru kutanga, ndakanga ndichinzwa kuti hapana chandainzwisisa zvachose, ndaida kusiya zvose.
• Zvakanga zvakaoma zvikuru nekuda kwekusaziva kwangu chirungu.
• Dzidza wega, pasina chipangamazano anotsanangura zvese.
• Kushaikwa kweruzivo rwekutanga, algorithms uye izvo vadzidzi vepayunivhesiti vakadzidziswa kwemakore mana.
• Kutya uye kuchiri kukonzera kusagadzikana, hazvibviri kufanotaura nguva ichatora kugadzirisa matambudziko mazhinji.
• Shanduko yetsika yekambani uye manejimendi maitiro. Panzvimbo pehudzvanyiriri, kune hutongi hwejekerere, asi hapana akadzima mutoro.
• Kwenguva yakareba, hama dzangu dzaisanzwisisa chikonzero nei ndakasiya basa rangu rakanga rakadzikama, asi pandakatanga kuwana mari yakawanda kupfuura kare, vakanzwisisa.
• Uropi hunoshanda zvisina kujairika.
• Adaptation mukambani uye hukama nevakawanda vane ruzivo vaunoshanda navo.
• Imposter syndrome.
• Pakutanga zvakanga zvakaoma kurarama nemari shoma.
• Slang yakawanda.
• Zvishandiso zvitsva zvaifanira kudzidzwa kubva pakutanga.
• Magadzirirwo emagadzirirwo akaoma zvikuru kune vanotanga programmers (hazvina kujeka kuti sei zvese izvi zvichiitwa, asi vanobvunza pabvunzurudzo).
• Kusavimba nevashandirwi uye, semhedzisiro, matambudziko ekutsvaga basa rekutanga muIT.

Inenge 10% yevakabvunzwa vakataura impostor syndrome. Handina chokwadi chekuti vese vanonzwisisa temu iyi nenzira imwechete. Kunzwisisa kunowanzogamuchirwa ndekwekuti munhu haaongorore kubudirira kwake uye, kunyange kana achiwana chimwe chinhu kuburikidza nebasa rake pachake, anofunga kuti ane rombo rakanaka.

Mashoko api akashandiswa kukunda matambudziko aya?

60% yevakapindura vakaedza emahara online makosi.
34% yevakapindura vakatenga zvidzidzo zvepamhepo. Panguva imwecheteyo, vese vakaedza emahara online makosi. Vazhinji vavo vakacherekedza kuti ruzivo rwuri mumakosi akabhadharwa haruna ega uye runogona kuwanikwa mumakosi emahara. Asi panguva imwecheteyo, kosi dzakabhadharwa dzinowanzo kuzara uye kurongeka zviri nani uye kurongeka. Mukufunga kwavo, kosi yakabhadharwa inobatsira kutora ruzivo nekukurumidza.
Vamwe vakacherekedza kuti kufambira mberi mukosi yepamhepo uye mukana wekuipedza waive wakakwira kumakosi akabhadharwa (ndakabhadhara, zvinoreva kuti ndinofanira kupedza kosi kusvika kumagumo).

Zvikamu zvitanhatu chete kubva muzana zvevakapindura vakati vakaenda kunobhadharwa pasina Indaneti kwenguva pfupi (mwedzi 6-1) nekutora chikamu kwemudzidzisi, kuenda kuzvidzidzo uye makirasi anoshanda.

Nzvimbo huru yeruzivo iyo munhu wese anoshandisa zvinyorwa paInternet uye nekutsvaga. Google inotonga sejini yekutsvaga. Vanopfuura 50% vevakapindura vakazvitaura neimwe nzira. Hapana akataura nezveYandex sejini yekutsvaga.

Kuzvidzidza wega, vakapindura vakanyanya kushandisa zvinotevera network zviwanikwa:

• Netology
• Habr
• ru.hexlet.io
• Mainit.com
• htmlacademy.ru
• javarush.ru
• YouTube
• Coursera (kunyanya makosi kubva kuMail.ru)
• data.stepik.org
• learn.javascript.ru

35% yevakapindura vakati pakutanga, kunyangwe kunyara uye kusava nechokwadi, vakabvunza vavanoshanda navo kuti vabatsirwe. Vasingasviki gumi muzana vevakabvunzurudzwa vakacherechedza kuti vavanoshanda navo vakavabatsira pasina chido. Uye vamwe vese vane chokwadi chekuti kubatsira vanotanga kwaive kusiri mutoro kune vavanoshanda navo vane ruzivo.

Iwe unofarira zvemukati zvevhidhiyo kana zvinyorwa / mabhuku ekuzvidzidza wega?

Inenge 42% yevakabvunzwa vanoda kuverenga zvinyorwa nemabhuku, vachicherechedza kuti zvinyorwa zvine ruzivo rwemazuva ano, asi nerubatsiro rwemabhuku ruzivo rwakakosha runowanikwa zviri nani.
14% vanosarudza kuona uye kuteerera kumavhidhiyo zvinhu uye podcasts.
Iwo asara 44% - iro boka hombe - vanoona zvese zviri zviviri zvinonzwika uye zvinyorwa zvakanaka.
Kubva pane idzi data, ndinokwevera mhedziso inotevera (pamwe ine gakava) - pakati penyanzvi dzeIT, vanhu vane hunyanzvi hwekuona-dhijitari. Ava ndivo vanonzwisisa zviri nani nharo dzine musoro dzinoratidzwa muzvinyorwa uye graphic fomu.

Maonero kune zvakabhadharwa

Vazhinji vakapindura vakati makosi akabhadharwa anonyanya kubatsira, asi hazvigone kutaurwa kuti izvi zvinogara zvichiwanikwa kuburikidza nemhando yepamusoro yemukati. Kanopfuura kamwe chete pane kutaura kuti kosi yakapedzwa zvachose uye kusvika kumagumo nekuda kwekuti yakabhadharwa.
Hazvibviri kunyatsoverenga mavhareji emari yezvakabhadharwa zvinyorwa zvemashoko. Sezvineiwo, zvinoratidzika kwandiri kuti kukosha uku kunenge 30-40 tr. ($500). Mhando yemitengo yakataurwa nevapinduri yaive kubva ku300 rubles. kusvika ku100 rub.
6% yevakapindura vakatenga mabhuku (6% chete!). Mhedzisiro iyi yakandishamisa pachangu. 42% vanoda kuverenga, asi 6% chete ndivo vakatenga mabhuku! Sezviri pachena, piracy munzvimbo iyi iri kuwedzera kuwedzera.

Kana uchishanda muIT, ndapota vhota mune inotevera sarudzo:

Vashandisi vakanyoresa chete ndivo vanogona kutora chikamu muongororo. Nyorera mu, Munogamuchirwa.

Ndinoshandira sangano rinoti:

• 41,0%Inogadzira uye inotengesa zvigadzirwa zvayo zvesoftware (kugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa)75

• 12,6%Inogadzira uye inotengesa michina uye software uye hardware masisitimu (kugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa)23

• 18,6%Inogadzira software uye hardware yekuraira (outsource)34

• 0,6%Kutengesa software uye hardware kubva kune vamwe vagadziri (mugovera)1

• 6,0%Inogadzira mhinduro dzakaomarara zvichienderana nesoftware uye hardware kubva kune vamwe vagadziri (musanganisi)11

• 1,1%Anodzidzisa (masangano edzidzo, makosi, zvikoro)2

• 5,5%Inochengetedza kana kupa IT zvivakwa semukontrakta10

• 7,6%Kwete zvakanangana neIT, ini ndinobatanidzwa mune yemukati automation14

• 7,1%Kwete zvakanangana neIT, ini ndinobatanidzwa mukuchengetedza IT zvivakwa13

183 vashandisi vakavhota. 32 vashandisi vakaramba.

Source: www.habr.com