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Iyo Linux kernel ine makore makumi matatu nerimwe

Musi waNyamavhuvhu 25, 1991, mushure memwedzi mishanu yebudiriro, mudzidzi wemakore makumi maviri nerimwe Linus Torvalds akazivisa pacom.os.minix newsgroup kusikwa kweiyo inoshanda prototype yeLinux inoshanda sisitimu, iyo kupedzwa kwezvikepe zvebash. 21 uye gcc 1.08 yakacherechedzwa. Kuburitswa kweruzhinji kweLinux kernel kwakaziviswa munaGunyana 1.40. Kernel 17 yaive 0.0.1 KB muhukuru muchimiro chakamisikidzwa uye yaive nezviuru gumi zvemitsara yekodhi yekodhi. Iyo yazvino Linux kernel ine anopfuura mamirioni makumi maviri nemasere mitsara yekodhi. Zvinoenderana neongororo yakaitwa muna 62 neEuropean Union, mutengo unofungidzirwa wekugadzira purojekiti yakafanana neyemazuva ano Linux kernel kubva kutanga ingangodarika bhiriyoni remadhora ekuAmerica (kuverenga kwakaitwa apo kernel yaive nemamiriyoni gumi nematatu emitsara yekodhi), maererano nedzimwe fungidziro - kupfuura 10 bhiriyoni

Iyo Linux kernel yakafemerwa neMINIX inoshanda sisitimu, iyo Linus aisada nekuda kwerezinesi rayo shoma. Mushure meizvozvo, Linux payakave chirongwa chinozivikanwa, vasina kunaka vakaedza kupomera Linus yekukopa zvakananga kodhi yemamwe maMINIX subsystems. Kurwiswa uku kwakadzorwa naAndrew Tanenbaum, munyori weMINIX, uyo akapa mumwe wevadzidzi vake kuti aite kuenzanisa kwakadzama kweMinix kodhi uye yekutanga veruzhinji shanduro yeLinux. Mhedzisiro yechidzidzo ichi yakaratidza kuvepo kwechina chete isingakoshi machisi ekodhi mabhuroko nekuda kwePOSIX uye ANSI C zvinodiwa.

Linus pakutanga akafunga kudaidza kernel Freax, kubva pamazwi ekuti "mahara", "freak" uye X (Unix). Asi zita rekuti "Linux" rakapihwa kernel yekutenda kuna Ari Lemmke, uyo, pakukumbira kwaLinus, akaisa kernel payunivhesiti yeFTP server, achitumidza dhairekitori neiyo archive kwete "freax," sekukumbirwa kwaTorvalds, asi "linux. ” Zvinokosha kuziva kuti muzvinabhizinesi aishambadzira William Della Croce akakwanisa kunyoresa mucherechedzo weLinux uye aida kuunganidza mari nekufamba kwenguva, asi akazochinja pfungwa dzake ndokuendesa kodzero dzese kuchiratidzo kuna Linus. Iyo mascot yepamutemo yeLinux kernel, Tux penguin, yakasarudzwa semhedzisiro yemakwikwi akaitwa muna 1996. Zita rokuti Tux rinomirira Torvalds UniX.

Kukura kwemasimba eiyo kernel kodhi base (nhamba yemitsara yekodhi kodhi):

  • 0.0.1 - Gunyana 1991, zviuru gumi mitsetse yekodhi;
  • 1.0.0 - Kurume 1994, 176 zviuru mitsetse yekodhi;
  • 1.2.0 - Kurume 1995, 311 zviuru mitsetse yekodhi;
  • 2.0.0 - Chikumi 1996, 778 zviuru mitsetse yekodhi;
  • 2.2.0 - Ndira 1999, 1.8 miriyoni mitsetse yekodhi;
  • 2.4.0 - Ndira 2001, 3.4 miriyoni mitsetse yekodhi;
  • 2.6.0 - Zvita 2003, 5.9 miriyoni mitsetse yekodhi;
  • 2.6.28 - Zvita 2008, 10.2 miriyoni mitsetse yekodhi;
  • 2.6.35 - Nyamavhuvhu 2010, 13.4 miriyoni mitsetse yekodhi;
  • 3.0 - Nyamavhuvhu 2011, 14.6 miriyoni mitsetse yekodhi.
  • 3.5 - Chikunguru 2012, 15.5 miriyoni mitsetse yekodhi.
  • 3.10 - Chikunguru 2013, 15.8 miriyoni mitsetse yekodhi;
  • 3.16 - Nyamavhuvhu 2014, 17.5 miriyoni mitsetse yekodhi;
  • 4.1 - June 2015, mamiriyoni 19.5 mitsara yekodhi;
  • 4.7 - Chikunguru 2016, 21.7 miriyoni mitsetse yekodhi;
  • 4.12 - Chikunguru 2017, 24.1 miriyoni mitsetse yekodhi;
  • 4.18 - Nyamavhuvhu 2018, 25.3 miriyoni mitsetse yekodhi.
  • 5.2 - Chikunguru 2019, 26.55 miriyoni mitsetse yekodhi.
  • 5.8 - Nyamavhuvhu 2020, 28.4 miriyoni mitsetse yekodhi.
  • 5.13 - Chikumi 2021, 29.2 miriyoni mitsetse yekodhi.
  • 5.19 - Nyamavhuvhu 2022, 30.5 miriyoni mitsetse yekodhi.

Core Development progress:

  • Linux 0.0.1 - Gunyana 1991, yekutanga kuburitswa kweruzhinji, ichitsigira chete i386 CPU uye kubhowa kubva kune floppy disk;
  • Linux 0.12 - Ndira 1992, iyo kodhi yakatanga kugoverwa pasi peGPLv2 rezinesi;
  • Linux 0.95 - Kurume 1992, kugona kumhanyisa X Window System kunopihwa, tsigiro yekuyeuka chaiyo uye kupatsanurwa kwekuchinja kunoitwa.
  • Linux 0.96-0.99 - 1992-1993, basa rakatanga pane network stack. Iyo Ext2 faira system yakaunzwa, kutsigirwa kweiyo ELF faira fomati yakawedzerwa, vatyairi vemakadhi anonzwika uye SCSI controllers vakaunzwa, kurodha kwekernel module uye iyo / proc faira system yakaitwa.
  • Muna 1992, yekutanga kugovera SLS neYggdrasil yakaonekwa. Muzhizha ra1993, mapurojekiti eSlackware neDebian akavambwa.
  • Linux 1.0 - Kurume 1994, yekutanga kuburitswa yakagadzikana;
  • Linux 1.2 - Kurume 1995, kuwedzera kukuru kwenhamba yevatyairi, kutsigirwa kweAlfa, MIPS uye SPARC mapuratifomu, kuwedzera kugona kweiyo network stack, kutaridzika kwepaketi sefa, NFS rutsigiro;
  • Linux 2.0 - June 1996, tsigiro yemultiprocessor masisitimu;
  • Kurume 1997: LKML, Linux kernel developer mailing list, yakatangwa;
  • 1998: Yekutanga Linux-based cluster inosanganisirwa muTop500 runyorwa yakatangwa, ine 68 node ine Alpha CPU;
  • Linux 2.2 - Ndira 1999, kushanda zvakanaka kwememory management system kwakawedzera, rutsigiro rweIPv6 rwakawedzerwa, firewall nyowani yaitwa, nyowani nyowani subsystem yakaunzwa;
  • Linux 2.4 - Kukadzi 2001, inopa tsigiro ye8-processor masisitimu uye 64 GB ye RAM, Ext3 faira system, USB rutsigiro, ACPI;
  • Linux 2.6 - Zvita 2003, SELinux tsigiro, otomatiki tuning ye kernel paramita, sysfs, yakagadziridzwa memory management system;
  • Muna 2005, Xen hypervisor yakaunzwa, iyo yakaunza nguva yekuona;
  • MunaGunyana 2008, yekutanga kuburitswa kweiyo Android platform yakavakirwa paLinux kernel yakaumbwa;
  • Muna Chikunguru 2011, mushure memakore gumi ekuvandudzwa kwebazi re 10.x, shanduko kuenda ku2.6.x manhamba yakaitwa. Huwandu hwezvinhu zviri muGit repository hwasvika mamirioni maviri;
  • Muna 2015, iyo Linux kernel 4.0 yakaburitswa. Huwandu hwezvinhu zvegit mune repository hwasvika mamirioni mana;
  • Muna Kubvumbi 2018, chiitiko chakakosha chemamiriyoni matanhatu egit zvinhu mukernel repository chakayambuka.
  • Muna Ndira 2019, iyo Linux 5.0 kernel bazi yakaumbwa. Iyo repository yasvika 6.5 miriyoni git zvinhu.
  • Kernel 2020, yakaburitswa muna Nyamavhuvhu 5.8, yakava hombe maererano nehuwandu hwekuchinja kwese kernels panguva yese yekuvapo kweprojekiti.
  • Kernel 5.13 yakaisa rekodhi yehuwandu hwevagadziri (2150), avo shanduko dzakaverengerwa mukernel.
  • Muna 2021, kodhi yekuvandudza vatyairi muRust mutauro yakawedzerwa kune Linux-inotevera kernel bazi. Basa riri kuenderera mberi rekubatanidza zvikamu zvekutsigira Rust mucore kernel.
  • Muna Nyamavhuvhu 2022, bazi reLinux 6.0 kernel rakaumbwa, sezvo bazi re5.x rakanga raunganidza zvakaburitswa zvakakwana kushandura nhamba yekutanga munhamba yeshanduro.

68% yezvese shanduko kumusimboti yakagadzirwa nemakambani makumi maviri anoshanda zvakanyanya. Semuenzaniso, pakugadzira kernel 20, 5.19% yekuchinja kwese kwakagadzirwa neIntel, 10.9% naLinaro, 5.7% ne AMD, 5.5% neRed Hat, 5.2% neGoogle, 4.1% neMeta, 3.5% neSUSE, 3.1 % neHuawei, 2.9% - NVIDIA, 2.8% - Oracle. 2.7% yeshanduko yakagadzirwa nevanopa vakazvimiririra kana vagadziri vasina kutaura pachena kuti vakashandira mamwe makambani. Panyaya yehuwandu hwemitsara ye11.8 yekodhi yakawedzerwa kune kernel, mutungamiri ndi AMD, ane mugove wake waive 5.19% (mutyairi weamdgpu ane mitsara inodarika mamirioni mana ekodhi, mazhinji acho anogadzirwa otomatiki mafaira emusoro ane data yeGPU. register).

Source: opennet.ru

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