Kunyangwe mune zvesainzi ngano, kushanda nesimba kwesimba hakugone kudarika 100%—ndiyo fizikisi yemuchadenga medu. Kurasikirwa kunogara kuripo. Chinangwa chemasayendisiti ndechekuderedza kurasikirwa, izvo zvinova zvakaoma zvikuru pavanoswedera pedyo nemuganhu wedzidziso. Kune solar cell yekare yep-n junction, muganho unoshanda ne33%. Asi fizikisi yezuva yakaoma zvikuru. Uye masayendisiti anobva kuJapan ndakawana mukana enda kure kupfuura dzidziso iyi.
Pfungwa iyi yakagadzirwa nevaongorori vekuKyushu University vachibatsirana neJohannes Gutenberg University muGermany. Musero rezuva rekare, photon imwe inonyudzwa inogadzira exciton imwe (electron neburi) mu semiconductor. Photon iquantum imwe yechiedza (chikamu chidiki chesimba remwaranzi yeelectromagnetic yewavelength yakapihwa). Haigone kugadzira maerekitironi anopfuura rimwe chete. Simba iri rinonyudzwa neerekitironi uye rinoriisa mumamiriro ekufara, richiritumira richifamba nepakati pezvinhu semagetsi.
Maerekitironi anongoshanda chete kuchiedza (mafotoni) chewavelength chaiyo. Haatore simba quanta munzvimbo dzakaderera nepamusoro dzemwaranzi. Zvinhu zvakadaro hazvipo muzvisikwa, kana kuti masayendisiti haasati adzidza kugadzira. Panguva imwe chete, aya mafotoni "anodarika" anorova solar panel asi haagadzire kuyerera kwemaerekitironi mukati mawo; anongonyangarika sekupisa. Iyi ndiyo nzvimbo yakachengetwa iyo masayendisiti akakwanisa kushandisa pakugadzira magetsi. Zvikuru, vakakwanisa kushandisa zvinobudirira mafotoni ane simba rakawanda kubva muchikamu chebhuruu chespectrum.
Maitiro ekushanda kwetekinoroji iyi akavakirwa pamaitiro maviri akakosha. Maphoton ane simba rakawanda (bhuruu) ari muchinhu ichi anopatsanurwa ne singlet: exciton imwe inokamurwa kuita maviri nesimba rakaderera, uye imwe neimwe yemaexciton maviri aya inobatwa ne "molybdenum complex" yakabatanidzwa mu solar cell pamwe chete nechimwe chinhu. Saka, panzvimbo ye electron imwe chete, photon "yebhuruu" inonyatso kurudzira maerekitironi maviri ari muchinhu ichi kuti agadzire magetsi. Kusanganiswa kwezvinhu kunodzvinyirirawo zvinonzi Kutamiswa kwesimba reFörster, izvo mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairwa zvaizovhara kukwidibira kwemaerekitironi akati wandei uye kuderedza kushanda zvakanaka.
Kuedza uku kwakaratidza mhedzisiro inoshamisa, kureva kuti goho re quantum rinosvika 130% (1,3 excitons pa photon imwe neimwe). Vaongorori vanofungidzira kuti tekinoroji iyi inogona kuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka kwemasero ezuva anoungana rimwe chete kusvika 35–45%, izvo zvakakwirira zvakanyanya. Muganho weShockley–Queisser (33%) yemapaneru echinyakare esilicon uye mashandiro chaiwo emamodule ekutengesa (20–25%). Kubudirira uku kuchiri humbowo hwepfungwa uye kwakaitwa mumhinduro yemamorekuru, asi ndiko kwakava hwaro hwekubudirira mukugadzirwa kwesimba rezuva.
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Source: 3dnews.ru
