Nzira yekudzidza zvidzidzo zvakasiyana-siyana "kushandisa makadhi," iyo inonziwo Leitner system, yave ichizivikanwa kwemakore anenge 40. Pasinei nekuti makadhi anonyanya kushandiswa kuzadza mazwi, kudzidza mafomula, tsananguro kana mazuva, iyo nzira pachayo haisi imwe nzira ye "cramming", asi chishandiso chekutsigira maitiro edzidzo. Inochengetedza nguva inodiwa kubata nemusoro huwandu hukuru hweruzivo.
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Zuva mushure mehurukuro kumudzidzi maminitsi gumi chete ekudzokorora zvawadzidza. Muvhiki, zvinotora maminitsi mashanu. Mumwedzi, maminetsi mashoma anokwana kuti uropi hwake "hupindure": "Hongu, hongu, ndinorangarira zvese." Chidzidzo chakaitwa paYunivhesiti yeAlberta maitiro akanaka eFlashcards-Plus maitiro pamagiredhi evadzidzi.
Asi iyo Leitner system inogona kushandiswa kwete muzvikoro nemayunivhesiti chete. CD Mwana muvambi Derek Sievers Kudzidza kweFlashcard ndiyo nzira inoshanda kwazvo yekutsigira hunyanzvi hwekuvandudza. Nekubatsira kwayo, akagona HTML, CSS uye JavaScript.
Iyo gamba remumwe muenzaniso ndiRoger Craig muna 2010 pamutambo ratidza Jeopardy! uye yakagamuchira zviuru makumi manomwe nezvinomwe zvemadhora semari yemubayiro.
Mukudzidza pamhepo, sisitimu yacho inoshandiswa kwese kwese: kune anenge asina masevhisi ekudzidzisa uko makadhi asina kuvharirwa. Iyo sisitimu inoshandiswa mukufunda angangoita ese ekutanga dzidziso, uye akawanda ehunyanzvi maapplication akatogadzirirwa iyo - zvese desktop uye nhare. Yekutanga yavo, SuperMemo, yakagadzirwa naPiotr Wozniak muna 1985.
Chokutanga pane zvose, akaedza kuvandudza nzira yedzidzo pachake - maererano nekudzidza Chirungu. Iyo nzira yakaunza mhedzisiro, uye software yakave yakabudirira chaizvo, uye ichiri kuvandudzwa. Ehe, kune zvimwe, zvakakurumbira zvikumbiro senge и , iyo inoshandisa misimboti yakafanana kune SuperMemo.
Zvinodiwa zvekuonekwa kwenzira
Mumwe wemapiyona epfungwa dzekuedza, Hermann Ebbinghaus, achidzidza mitemo yendangariro pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, akarondedzera kunonzi masimba okukanganwa. Gare gare masayendisiti kanopfuura kamwe kuedza kwake, kuongorora "”, ndokuona kuti inochinja zvichienderana nehunhu hwezvinhu zviri kudzidzwa. Nokudaro, hurukuro kana kuti nhetembo, zviri mashoko ane revo, zvairangarirwa zviri nani. Mukuwedzera, hutano hwekudzidza hwakakonzerwa neunhu hwega uye mamiriro ekunze - kuneta, kunaka kwekurara uye zvakatipoteredza. Asi kazhinji, zvidzidzo zvakasimbisa maitiro ekutanga echiitiko chakawanikwa naHermann Ebbinghaus.
Kubva pairi, mhedziso inoratidzika seyakajeka yakaitwa: kuitira kuchengetedza ruzivo, kudzokorora kwezvinyorwa kunodiwa. Asi kuti hurongwa hwese hunyatsoshanda, izvi zvinofanirwa kuitwa pane dzimwe nguva. Iyi nzira yekudzokorora pakuwedzera nguva yakatanga kuyedzwa pavadzidzi naHerbert Spitzer paIowa State University muna 1939. Asi Ebbinghaus curve uye nzira yekudzokorora yakapatsanurwa ingadai yakaramba ichingoona dai zvisiri zvaRobert Bjork naSebastian Leitner. Kwemakumi emakore akati wandei, Björk akadzidza maitiro ekudzidzira nemusoro, akawanda emabasa anozadzisa zvakanyanya pfungwa dzeEbbinghaus, uye Leitner akakurudzira nzira yekuyeuka nemusoro vachishandisa makadhi muma70s.
Sei basa iri
Muchirongwa chekare chaLeitner, chakanyorwa mubhuku rinonzi How to Learn to Learn, anokurudzira kugadzirira mazana emakadhi emapepa. Ngatitii pane shoko mumutauro wokumwe kune rumwe rutivi rwekadhi, uye kududzira kwaro nemienzaniso yekushandiswa kune rimwe. Mukuwedzera, mabhokisi mashanu anodiwa. Kutanga, makadhi ose anoenda. Mushure mekuaona, makadhi ane mazwi asingazivikanwi anoramba ari mubhokisi, uye mazwi atozivikanwa anopinda mubhokisi rechipiri. Zuva rinotevera iwe unoda kutanga zvakare kubva mubhokisi rekutanga: zviri pachena, mamwe emashoko achayeukwa. Iyi ndiyo nzira iyo bhokisi rechipiri rinozadzwa nayo. Pazuva rechipiri, unofanira kuongorora zvose. Makadhi ane mazwi anozivikanwa kubva mubhokisi rekutanga anoendeswa kune yechipiri, kubva kune yechipiri kusvika kune yechitatu, zvichingodaro. "Unknown" inodzokera kubhokisi rekutanga. Nenzira iyi mabhokisi ese mashanu anozadzwa zvishoma nezvishoma.
Ipapo chinhu chinonyanya kukosha chinotanga. Makadhi kubva mubhokisi rekutanga anoongororwa uye anorongwa mazuva ese. Kubva chechipiri - mazuva maviri ega ega, kubva kune wechitatu - mazuva mana ega ega, kubva kune chechina - mazuva mapfumbamwe ega ega, kubva pachishanu - kamwe pamavhiki maviri. Izvo zvakarangarirwa zvinoendeswa kubhokisi rinotevera, izvo zvisiri - kune yapfuura.
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Zvinotora kanenge mwedzi kurangarira zvese kana zvinenge zvese. Asi makirasi ezuva nezuva haatore inopfuura hafu yeawa. Zvakanaka, kufanana Björk, zvinodikanwa kudzoreredza mundangariro izvo zvatakadzidza chaizvo patinotanga kuzvikanganwa. Asi mukuita, iyi nguva inenge isingabviri kutevedzera. Naizvozvo, hazvizogoneke kuwana XNUMX% mhedzisiro. Zvisinei, uchishandisa nzira yaLeitner, mushure memwedzi unogona kuyeuka zvakawanda zvinopfuura chikamu chimwe chete muzvishanu chemashoko anoramba ari mundangariro maererano nekucherechedza kwaEbbinghaus.
Imwe nzira ndeye kushandisa nyanzvi software. Software yakadaro ine misiyano miviri kubva pa "pepa" nzira. Chekutanga, dzinenge dzese dzine nharembozha, zvinoreva kuti unogona kudzidza uri munzira kuenda kubasa kana kuchikoro. Chechipiri, maapplication mazhinji anotendera iwe kuseta-mushandisi-inoshamwaridzika nguva yekudzokorora zvaunenge wadzidza.
Chii chiri mutsetse wepasi
Kudzokororwa kwepakati kwakangofanana nekugara uchirovedza muviri, izvo zvinodiwa kudzidzisa tsandanyama. Kudzokororwa kudzokororwa kwemashoko mamwe chetewo kunokurudzira uropi kuti huhuyeuke zvinobudirira uye huchichengeta mundangariro dzenguva refu.
Uropi hunozviudza kuti: “Oo, ndinozviona zvakare. Asi sezvo zvichiitika kakawanda, zvakakodzera kuyeuka. " Kune rumwe rutivi, Leitner's system haifaniri kuonekwa se "silver bullet", asi sechishandiso chinoshanda chekutsigira nzira yekudzidzisa. Kufanana nedzimwe nzira dzekudzidzisa, inofanira kusanganiswa nedzimwe nzira.
Matangiro edu:
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Source: www.habr.com