Maonero angu ega emagazini pamusoro pemwaka we6-5 wekuvapo kwayo. Chinyorwa ichi chine mwero wekushoropodzwa kwaMurzilka neMapikicha Anosekesa, saka vanyori vakashinga vezvinyorwa zveSoviet zvine mukurumbira zvinogona kuve nani pakuverenga chinyorwa ichi.
Yese yekutarisisa pasi pekuchekwa inongedzo kune yakazara saizi mifananidzo yemapeji emagazini anowirirana.
1990: Nguva yegoridhe
Pakupera kwema80s, kudiwa kwese uye kusingadzoreki kweimwe nzira isina pfungwa kune echinyakare socialist propaganda yakanga yaumba munzanga yeSoviet. Izvi zvakakanganisawo maperiodical emativi ese. Kugadzira mukwikwidzi akasimba mumutsara wemagazini evana kwaive pachirongwa. Iyo Tram purojekiti yakagamuchira rutsigiro rwehurumende yepamusoro uye yakabva yatanga nekutenderera kwemamiriyoni maviri. Panguva imwecheteyo, magazini yacho yakaruramisa zviwanikwa zvakaiswa mariri, zvichibva zvazivikanwa.
Chii chinonakidza nezvemagazini itsva? Chii chaivamo chakanga chisiri mumabhuku evana veSoviet vaneta?
Ichi chinyorwa chakanyorwa nerutsigiro rweEDISON Software.
Maonero emutengi:
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Kuputsa maitiro
Kuenzaniswa neyakajeka asi yakapfava "Mifananidzo Inosetsa" uye "Murzilka" yakapera, hunyanzvi hwakayerera kubva pamapeji ese.
Zvisiri-standard uye zvisiri-format zvakaonekwa zvese pamwero wemifananidzo uye pamwero wezvinyorwa. Panguva imwecheteyo, nzira yekugadzira yakasanganiswa nekurongeka kwakadzikama, apo mapeji ari muchimiro chimwe chete pane chero chinyorwa anodzokororwa kune akati wandei akatevedzana (uyezve kunyangwe nekusuwa unoona kuti nhevedzano yapera uye haipo. mune zvitsva).
Pano, semuenzaniso, mutsara wedingindira pamusoro petsumo nezvirevo zvakatsaurirwa kumisoro ine chekuita nedzimwe nhengo dzemuviri. Mutambi Baldin anogadzira mifananidzo inoshamisa yaunoda kutarisa kwenguva yakareba, uchidzidza zvese. Musanganiswa wekuseka kwakasarudzika mumweya weKharms ine inofema yehunyanzvi maitiro.
Nenzira, kushandiswa kazhinji kwe "serial" madingindira gore rose, kana mune akati wandei nyaya dzakateerana, yakasarudzika "Tram" zvakanaka kwazvo. Izvi ndizvo zvakaitikawo mumagazini eSoviet (somuenzaniso, nyaya pamusoro pezvakaitwa naHercules mumagazini ose eVK muna 1984), asi izvi zvaive zvisiri izvo pane mutemo.
Ruzivo rwesainzi
Pasinei nokuti mifananidzo yaingova marara, rugwaro rwose rwakanga rwakanangana nevana vane pfungwa uye vabereki vanofunga (avo vakaita chisarudzo chekutenga magazini). Kunyange zvazvo mifananidzo inoshamisa yaidzora zvinyorwa, mashoko acho aiwanzokosha uye ainyanya kunakidza.
Kunyanya kusimbiswa mumagazini kwakaiswa pakupa vana ruzivo rwezvesayenzi yemazuva ano, uye zvinyorwa zvakapfekedzwa muchikwangwani chisiri chechimiro che "Tram". Inenge nzvimbo ina-dimensional, Mobius strip, mutauro weEsperanto, mhuri yemhuri yeRurik, zvidhori zvemaziso, zvikamu zvekurara uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinonakidza zvakatsanangurwa nenzira iyo yakajeka kumwana uye munhu mukuru.
Kunyomba kusinganzwisisike uye kubhuroka chaiko
Pakusarudza zvinyorwa, bhodhi rekudhirowa rakasiya zvachose "kutsvedza" kuri hunhu hwe "Funny Mifananidzo", kuchitsiva nekutamba kwekutsoropodza kwevana pachavo, kune nyika yevakuru uye ivo pachavo.
Hazvina kungoerekana zvaitika kuti pamapeji emagazini munhu aigona kusangana nenhetembo "dzisinganzwisisike" saIgor Irtenyev, Grigory Oster uye kunyange, Mwari ndiregererei, Viktor Shenderovich. Magazini iyi yaive nedoromoro yekuseka kwakakodzera uye gangaidzo muchimiro cheKharms (sezvo, Kharms pachake).
Magiredhi uye maitiro emuenzaniso hazvisi chinhu chikuru kumwana
"Tram" yakasiya zvachose tsika yezvinyorwa zvemagazini evana veSoviet. Vana vakagamuchirwa sezvavari. Kuda zivo kwakakurudzirwa, asi hakuna kuiswa. Magiredhi epamusoro uye maitiro emuenzaniso haana kuratidzwa sehunhu hunosungirwa hwemwana "chaiwo". Uyezve, vasikana vakanaka nevakomana vakanaka vaisekwa pamapeji emagazini yacho. Zvimwe zvinosetsa zvaiita sezvichitendera mahooligans nevadzidzi veC-giredhi, asi muchokwadi, pfungwa yakaburitswa yekuti kuita zvechikoro handicho chinhu chikuru.
Magazini yeTram yaifadza nokuti yaiziva kodzero yemwana chero upi zvake kuti angove iye pachake, pasina kuisa chido chekuva "mwana wechikoro weSoviet."
Kusiya mavara anodzokororwa
Sarudzo yakabudirira yaive yekuti magazini, kutaura zvazviri, yakasiya kushandiswa kwese kwechero hunhu (kana boka rezvakadaro) seMurzilka kana Chikwata cheMerry Men.
Dambudziko raMurzilka naMerry Men nderekuti magazini azere navo. Ivo vari kungotsamwisa nekuvapo kwavo kunogumbura pabutiro rega rega, mumakomiki ese, muzvirahwe zvakawanda uye nyaya. Vana vagara “vakadyiswa” navo.
Ehe, mamwe mavara anodzokororwa aivepo mu "Tram," asi akashandiswa zvisingaite, kwete mumagazini ese uye kumwe kumapeji ekupedzisira. Semuenzaniso, paive nemakomiki asingawanzo pamusoro pemutikitivha Bertram Weiss nemubatsiri wake imbwa Composter. Zvisinei, havagoni kunzi "chiso" chemagazini. Detective storyboards pamusoro pavo yaingova mhando yechirahwe.
Vatambi vakuru pamapeji vakanga vasiri katuni, asi vana pachavo. Kana "Mifananidzo Inosetsa" uye "Murzilka" aive magazini yevana, ipapo "Tram" - nezvevana.
Mitambo yebhodhi
Pfungwa yakasimba yaive isiri-standard mitambo. Mumitambo kubva ku "Funny Pictures", mashoma anofinha anodzokororwa kubva kumakore gumi kusvika gumi, kazhinji mukuuraya kwakapusa - "famba nemumaza kubva paA kuenda kunongedzo B", "sarudza kuti ndechipi chinhu ndechemuridzi", nezvimwe. .
Mu "Tram" chiyero chemitambo chakanga chakakwirira zvikuru. Kunyangwe kana ichi chiri kufamba kuburikidza nelabyrinth, saka nezvimwe zvinoomesesa zvisiri-standard mamiriro umo iwe unofanirwa kugadzirisa zvisina kujairika logic matambudziko. Vanowanzo vashanyi vemagazini havana kujairika chess uye cheki mitambo. Uye inenge nguva dzose iyi mitambo kwete yeimwe chete, asi yevaviri kana kupfuura vatori vechikamu, kunyange kana idzi dziri mbiri mbiri labyrinths.
Vana vanyori pamwe chete
Kufamba kwakasimba kwaive kumiririrwa kwakakura kwekusika kwevana pachavo pamapeji.
Magazini imwe neimwe yaiva nenhamba inokosha yenhetembo, mifananidzo, nyaya, nyambo, uye zvirahwe zvaitumirwa nevaverengi vaduku vacho pachavo.
Izvi zvakaita kuti vana vaswedere pedyo nemagazini iyi; vakanga vasiri vaverengi vayo chete, asi vagadziri.
1991: Atova Orthodox, asi achiri akanaka
Gore rakatevera racho magazini yacho yakachengetawo mwero wakakwirira wounhu. Pakati pezvinhu zvegore rino, tinogona kuona zvirahwe zvakakosha zvakavharidzirwa mumufananidzo wenyaya iri pakavha.
Hutsva hutsva hwa1991, hunoratidzika kunge huine gakava mazuva ano, kuvepo kunokosha kwepeji reOrthodox (kana maviri) muchinyorwa chega chega chemagazini. Zvisinei, mumazuva iwayo kunyange Komsomol "Funny Pictures" yakatanga kutadza sezvizvi, zvino nokukurumidza kushuma apo Kisimusi neIsita zvichava.
Magazini yeTram ichachengetedza maitiro eOrthodox kusvika kumagumo. Zvisinei, izvi hazvina kukanganisa maitiro, zvinyorwa uye hutano hwezvimwe zvinhu. Panzvimbo poumwari, magazini yacho yakanga ichiri kuda sayenzi; panzvimbo pokuzvininipisa, yakanga ichiri kukoka vana kuti vave vamene.
Pamwe chete neizvi, ndaizoona kutsoropodza kushoropodzwa kwehutongi hweSoviet mune imwe magazini ine zvematongerwo enyika. Mugore rapfuura, kutsoropodza uku kwaive kushoma uye kwakapatsanuka zvakanyanya, pamwero wemajee mapfupi. Gore rino zvakare maive nehushoma hwezvematongerwo enyika mumagazini, asi zvakabuda zvakajeka.
Heino, semuenzaniso, chidimbu kubva mumagazini yaNyamavhuvhu (Emergency Committee ichaitika chete pakupera kwemwedzi uno):
1992: Nguva Yekukanganwa
Yekutanga alarm bhero kwaive kusavapo kwekupedzisira, yechigumi nembiri ya12. Gore rakatevera racho, 1991, magazini yacho haina kubudiswa zvachose.
Mushure mekuputsika kweUSSR, Soviet Children's Fund yakatumidzwa zita rekuti V.I. Lenin (kwaakatumirwa magazini yeTram) yakarongwazve muRussian Children's Fund. Pakanga pasina mari yakawanikwa yekubhadhara Tram, uye magazini, ine kutenderera kwemamiriyoni maviri, zvichiita sekuti kamwe kamwe uye nekusingaperi yakamira kuvapo.
Zvisinei, vagadziri vemagazini yacho havana kukanda mapfumo pasi. Mumwe mutsigiri mukuru akawanikwa (bhangi ranga risingachashandi kubva kuKuzbass) uye gore rakatevera kubudiswa kwebhuku rakakurumbira rakatangazve. Chokwadi, nekutenderera kwakapetwa ka20 kudiki pane kare. Musika wemahara wakaronga kuti zviuru zana zvemakopi ndizvo zvinonyanya kuita zvine musoro kudhinda.
Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti "Murzilka" uye "Funny Pictures" (iyo, kufanana nengano dzeSoviet periodicals, yakaramba ichitsigirwa nehurumende), haina kuchengetedza mamiriyoni emadhora emadhora. Chaizvoizvo makore mashomanana gare gare vakadonha kusvika 100-200 zviuru makopi pamwedzi, uye iye zvino kutenderera hakupfuuri zviuru makumi mashanu.
1993: Kutanga Kwekupedzisira
Kurovha kwegore negore kwokumanikidzirwa hakuna kubatsira magazini yacho. Zvinoita sekuti kwandiri subjectively kuti gore rino "Tram" yakangoerekana yave kufinha. Mifananidzo uye zvinyorwa zvaiita kunge zvakarasa mashiripiti ekutanga, zviri mukati zvakava neimwe nzira isinga taurike, yakajairika kana chimwe chinhu. Magazini iyi yakarasikirwa neyaimbova hooligan kufarira kumwe kunhu.
Madingindira ekuchinjika achipfuura nemunyaya dzakawanda akarega kushandiswa. Chiratidzo chakaipa chaiva chokuti mapikicha akatanga kushandiswa panzvimbo pemifananidzo. Mamiriro acho ave nyore, anenge echinyakare. Semuenzaniso, kana yaive seti yezvinyorwa zvipfupi (majee, zvirahwe, nhetembo pfupi), zvino mumakore akanakisa yaiwanzopararira zvakapararira peji rese rakasanganiswa nemifananidzo yepfungwa - zvino yaitaridzika zvakanaka. Iye zvino zvese zvave zvakarongeka zvakarongwa mumakoramu maviri anofinha, pasina mifananidzo, asi ine monochromatic dull inozadza.
Zvinyorwa zveOrthodox dzimwe nguva zvakatanga kutora mapeji akawanda. Panzvimbo pemajee anosetsa, majee akajairika akatanga kubudiswa. Uye kazhinji, kuseka kwave kusingasekeseki. Vaverengi vechidiki vakapotsa varega kutumira basa ravo. Panzvimbo pezvo, chikamu chechienzi a la “kuzivana” chakaoneka, apo vana vanonyora muchidimbu nezvezvavanofarira, vanoratidza zera ravo ndokusiya kero yavo yeimba yakazara nokuda kwetsamba. Magazini inopandukira pane dzimwe nguva yakatanga kufanana nemapepanhau ekushambadzira kwepachena (ane majee uye kufambidzana kushambadzira papeji yekupedzisira) kune avhareji yemadzimai epamba.
1994: Dinosaurs uye Programming
Gore rino magazini iyi inoita seyatanga kudzoka mugwara.
Chekutanga, takadzokera kupfungwa yedingindira regore. Panguva ino yaive dinosaurs. Imwe neimwe nyaya yakataurwa zvakadzama nezveimwe yemhando yemadzvinyu akatsakatika, majee uye nyaya dzakavakirwa pavari.
Ehe, pfungwa yacho yaive pachena yechipiri (Spielberg's Jurassic Park yakaburitswa gore raive rapfuura, iro rakaisa zvine simba fashoni yepasirese yezvinokambaira zvinouraya), asi zvaive zvatove zvakanaka kuti magazini iyi yakanga isiri kungoburitsa imwe nyaya, asi yaiedza kugadzira zvakarongeka. content.
Gore rino rinonakidzawo nenyaya dzakatevedzana dzedzidzo dzakatsaurirwa kuhurongwa (mupepeti-mukuru-Tim Sobakin mugadziri wedzidzo uye yekutanga basa, nenzira).
Handifungi kuti nyaya idzi dzakanaka kune vana vechikoro chepakati (hurukuro dzakawanda dzakareba, dzakaoma, pasina mifananidzo), asi zvichida iyi yaiva imwe yekuedza kwekutanga muRussia kutaura zvakarongeka pamusoro pepurogiramu pamapeji emagazini yevana.
Pasinei neshanduko idzi diki dzakanaka, chimwe chinhu chinouraya chakaitika kumagazini yeTram - yakaguma kuva zvisina kujairika magazini yevana.
1995: Pakupedzisira
Uye gore rino hapana chishamiso chakaitika. Zvaiva pachena kuti kudhindwa kwacho kwaisazodzokera padanho ra1990-91. Apo zvinyorwa “zviviri” zvakavamba kubudiswa muna February-March (zvikurukuru, kwete bedzi mwedzi nomwedzi, asi kamwe chete mwedzi miviri yoga yoga), zvakava pachena kuti magazini yacho yaisazogara kwenguva refu. Uye saka zvakaitika, nyaya yaJune (yechina chete gore rino) yakava yekupedzisira.
Source: www.habr.com