"Underbed" yekutambira izita reslang yeserver iri mune yakajairika imba yekugara uye yakabatana neiyo imba Internet chiteshi. Masevha akadaro aiwanzo tambira yeruzhinji FTP sevha, peji remuridzi wemba, uye dzimwe nguva kunyangwe yese yekutambira mamwe mapurojekiti. Chiitiko ichi chaive chakajairika mumazuva ekutanga ekubuda kweInternet yepamba inokwanisika kuburikidza nechiteshi chakatsaurirwa, apo kuhaya sevha yakatsaurirwa munzvimbo yedata kwaidhura zvakanyanya, uye maseva chaiwo akange asati apararira uye ari nyore zvakakwana.
Kazhinji kacho, komputa yekare yakagoverwa sevha ye "underbed", umo madhiraivha akawanikwa akaiswa. Inogonawo kushanda se router yemba uye firewall. Wese anozviremekedza wekufonera mushandi aive nechokwadi chekuti ane server yakadai kumba.
Nekuuya kweanodhura masevhisi emakore, maseva epamba ave kushomeka, uye nhasi iyo yakawanda inogona kuwanikwa mudzimba dzekugara iNAS yekuchengetera mafoto maalbum, mafirimu uye backups.
Chinyorwa chinokurukura nyaya dzinoda kuziva dzine chekuita nemasevha epamba uye matambudziko anosanganikwa nawo nevatungamiriri vavo. Ngatione kuti chiitiko ichi chinotaridzika sei mazuva ano uye sarudza zvinhu zvinonakidza zvaunogona kugamuchira pane yako yakavanzika server nhasi.
Home network maseva muNovaya Kakhovka. Mufananidzo kubva pane saiti nag.ru
Yakarurama IP kero
Chinodiwa chikuru chevhavha yepamba kwaive kuvapo kweiyo chaiyo IP kero, ndiko kuti, routable kubva kuInternet. Vazhinji vapeji havana kupa basa rakadaro kuvanhu, uye raifanira kuwanikwa kuburikidza nechibvumirano chakakosha. Kazhinji mupi anodiwa kupedzisa kondirakiti yakaparadzana yekupihwa yakatsaurwa IP. Dzimwe nguva kunyange nzira iyi yaisanganisira kugadzira imwe NIC Handle yemuridzi, semugumisiro wezita rake rakazara nekero yepamba zvakawanikwa zvakananga uchishandisa murairo weWhois. Pano taifanira kungwarira patinenge tichikakavadzana paInternet, sezvo joke pamusoro pe "kuverenga ne IP" yakarega kuva joke. Nenzira, kwete kare kare kwaiva nekunyadzisa , iyo yakasarudza kuisa iyo yega data yevatengi vayo muwhois.
Permanent IP kero vs DynDNS
Zvakanaka kana iwe ukakwanisa kuwana IP kero yekusingaperi - saka iwe unogona kutungamira nyore nyore mazita ese emazita kwairi uye kukanganwa nezvazvo, asi izvi zvaisaita nguva dzose. Mazhinji makuru emubatanidzwa-mwero ADSL vanopa vakapa vatengi kero chaiyo yeIP chete kwenguva yechikamu, ndiko kuti, inogona kuchinja kana kamwe chete pazuva, kana iyo modem yakatangwazve kana kubatana kwakarasika. Muchiitiko ichi, Dyn (dynamic) DNS masevhisi akauya kuzonunura. Kunyanya kufarirwa sevhisi , iyo yaive yemahara kwenguva yakareba, yakaita kuti zvikwanise kuwana subdomain munharaunda *.dyndns.org, iyo inogona kukurumidza kuvandudzwa kana IP kero yachinja. Chinyorwa chakakosha padivi remutengi chinogara chichigogodza paDynDNS server, uye kana kero yayo yakabuda ikachinja, iyo kero nyowani yakangoiswa muA-rekodhi ye subdomain.
Yakavharwa madoko uye maprotocol akarambidzwa
Vazhinji vanopa, kunyanya hombe ADSL, vaipesana nevashandisi vanotambira chero masevhisi eruzhinji pamakero avo, saka vairambidza kupinda kunongedzo kumadoko ane mukurumbira seHTTP. Pane zviitiko zvinozivikanwa apo vanopa vakavhara zviteshi zvemaseva emutambo, seCounter-Strike uye Half-Life. Iyi tsika ichiri kufarirwa nhasi, iyo dzimwe nguva inokonzera matambudziko. Semuyenzaniso, vanenge vese vanopa vanovhara RPC uye NetBios Windows ports (135-139 uye 445) kudzivirira kupararira kwehutachiona, pamwe neanowanzo pinda zviteshi zveEmail SMTP, POP3, IMAP protocol.
Vanopa vanopa IP telephony masevhisi mukuwedzera kuInternet vanofarira kuvhara SIP protocol ports kuitira kuti vamanikidze vatengi kushandisa masevhisi avo efoni chete.
PTR uye kutumira tsamba
Kutambira yako wega mail server inyaya yakakura yakaparadzana. Kuchengeta sevha yeemail yako pasi pemubhedha wako iyo iri pasi pekutonga kwako ipfungwa inoyedza. Asi kushandiswa mukuita kwakanga kusingaiti nguva dzose. Mazhinji epamba ISP IP kero mitsara yakavharwa zvachose pane spam zvinyorwa (), saka maseva etsamba anongoramba kugamuchira maSmTP anouya kubva kuIP kero yevanopa imba. Somugumisiro, zvakanga zvisingabviri kutumira tsamba kubva kune sevha yakadaro.
Pamusoro pezvo, kuti ubudirire kutumira tsamba, zvaive zvakafanira kuisa iyo chaiyo PTR rekodhi pane IP kero, ndiko kuti, reverse kutendeuka kwekero yeIP kune zita rezita. Ruzhinji rwevanopa vakabvumirana izvi chete nechibvumirano chakakosha kana pakupedzisa kondirakiti yakaparadzana.
Tiri kutsvaga maseva epasi pemubhedha wevavakidzani
Tichishandisa zvinyorwa zvePTR, tinogona kuona kuti ndeupi wevavakidzani vedu ne IP kero akabvuma kumisikidza yakakosha DNS rekodhi yeIP yavo. Kuti uite izvi, tora kero yedu yepamba IP uye mhanyisa kuraira kwayo ndiani, uye tinowana huwandu hwekero iyo mupi anopa kune vatengi. Panogona kunge paine akawanda akadai, asi nekuda kwekuyedza, ngatitarisei imwe.
Kwatiri, uyu ndiye mupi wepamhepo (Rostelecom). Handei ku uye tora yedu IP kero:
Nenzira, Online ndeimwe yeavo vanopa iyo inogara ichiburitsa IP zvachose kune vatengi, kunyangwe isina yakatsaurirwa IP kero sevhisi. Zvisinei, kero inogona kusachinja kwemwedzi yakawanda.
Ngatigadzirise kero yese 95.84.192.0/18 (inenge zviuru gumi nematanhatu kero) tichishandisa nmap. Option -sL chaizvo haaite scanning mauto, asi anongotumira DNS mibvunzo, saka mumibairo tinongoona mitsara ine domain ine chekuita neIP kero.
$ nmap -sL -vvv 95.84.192.0/18
......
Nmap scan report for broadband-95-84-195-131.ip.moscow.rt.ru (95.84.195.131)
Nmap scan report for broadband-95-84-195-132.ip.moscow.rt.ru (95.84.195.132)
Nmap scan report for broadband-95-84-195-133.ip.moscow.rt.ru (95.84.195.133)
Nmap scan report for broadband-95-84-195-134.ip.moscow.rt.ru (95.84.195.134)
Nmap scan report for broadband-95-84-195-135.ip.moscow.rt.ru (95.84.195.135)
Nmap scan report for mx2.merpassa.ru (95.84.195.136)
Nmap scan report for broadband-95-84-195-137.ip.moscow.rt.ru (95.84.195.137)
Nmap scan report for broadband-95-84-195-138.ip.moscow.rt.ru (95.84.195.138)
Nmap scan report for broadband-95-84-195-139.ip.moscow.rt.ru (95.84.195.139)
Nmap scan report for broadband-95-84-195-140.ip.moscow.rt.ru (95.84.195.140)
Nmap scan report for broadband-95-84-195-141.ip.moscow.rt.ru (95.84.195.141)
Nmap scan report for broadband-95-84-195-142.ip.moscow.rt.ru (95.84.195.142)
Nmap scan report for broadband-95-84-195-143.ip.moscow.rt.ru (95.84.195.143)
Nmap scan report for broadband-95-84-195-144.ip.moscow.rt.ru (95.84.195.144)
.....
Anenge ese kero ane yakajairwa PTR rekodhi senge broadband-address.ip.moscow.rt.ru kunze kwezvinhu zviviri, kusanganisira mx2.merpassa.ru. Tichitarisa nemx subdomain, iyi mail server (mail exchange). Ngatiedzei kutarisa kero iyi mubasa
Zvinogona kuoneka kuti iyo yese IP renji iri pane yekusingaperi block list, uye mabhii anotumirwa kubva kune iyi server haawanzo kashoma kusvika kune anogamuchira. Chengetedza izvi pakusarudza sevha yekutumira tsamba.
Kuchengeta mail server muIP renji yemupi wako wepamba inogara iri pfungwa yakaipa. Sevha yakadaro ichava nematambudziko kutumira uye kugamuchira tsamba. Ramba uchifunga izvi kana yako system administrator achikurudzira kutumira mail server zvakananga pahofisi IP kero.
Shandisa ingave chaiyo hosting kana email sevhisi. Nenzira iyi uchafanira kufona kashoma kuti uone kana tsamba dzako dzasvika.
Kubata pane WiFi router
Nekuuya kwemakomputa ebhodhi senge Raspberry Pi, hazvishamise kuona webhusaiti ichimhanya pamudziyo wakaenzana nepakiti yefodya, asi kunyangwe pamberi peRaspberry Pi, vanofarira vaimhanyisa mapeji epamba zvakananga paWiFi router!
Iyo ine mukurumbira WRT54G router, iyo yakatanga chirongwa cheOpenWRT muna 2004
Iyo Linksys WRT54G router, iyo iyo OpenWRT yakatanga chirongwa, yakanga isina USB ports, asi mhizha dzakawana dzakatengeswa GPIO mapini mairi aigona kushandiswa seSPI. Aya ndiwo maitiro akaonekwa mod anowedzera SD kadhi kune mudziyo. Izvi zvakavhura rusununguko rukuru rwekuita zvinhu. Iwe unogona kunyange kuisa pamwe chete PHP yose! Ini pachangu ndinorangarira sei, ndisingazive nzira yekutengesa, ndakatengesa kadhi reSD kune iyi router. Gare gare, USB ports ichaonekwa muma routers uye iwe unogona kungoisa flash drive.
Pakutanga, pakanga paine mapurojekiti akati wandei paInternet ayo akatangwa zvachose paimba yeWiFi router; pachave neinoti nezve izvi pazasi. Sezvineiwo, handina kuwana chero saiti inorarama. Zvimwe unoziva izvi?
Server makabati kubva kuIKEA matafura
Rimwe zuva, mumwe munhu akaona kuti tafura yekofi yakakurumbira kubva kuIKEA inonzi The Lack yakashanda zvakanaka sereki yemasevha 19-inch. Nekuda kwemutengo wayo we9 $, tafura iyi yave yakakurumbira pakugadzira nzvimbo dzedata repamba. Iyi yekuisa nzira inonzi .
Ikea Lakk tafura yakanakira panzvimbo yevhavhavhavhavha
Iwo matafura anogona kurongedzerwa imwe pamusoro peimwe uye kugadzira chaiwo server makabati. Nehurombo, nekuda kweiyo isina kusimba laminated chipboard, maseva anorema akaita kuti matafura aparadzane. Nokuda kwekuvimbika, ivo vakasimbiswa nemakona esimbi.
Vana vechikoro vakandinyima Indaneti
Sezvaitarisirwa, ini ndaivewo neyangu yepasi-yemubhedha server, iyo iri nyore foramu yaimhanya, yakatsaurirwa kune ine chekuita nemutambo. Rimwe zuva, mukomana wechikoro ane utsinye, asina kugutsikana nekurambidzwa, akanyengetedza shamwari dzake, uye pamwe chete vakatanga DDoS forum yangu kubva kumakombiyuta avo epamba. Sezvo chiteshi cheInternet chese panguva iyoyo chaive chinenge 20 Megabits, vakakwanisa kumisa zvachose imba yangu Internet. Hapana firewall blocking yakabatsira, nekuti chiteshi chaive chapera simba.
Kubva kunze kwaitaridzika kusekesa:
- Mhoro, sei usingandipindure paICQ?
-Ndine urombo, hapana internet, vari kuyedza kunditsvaga.
Kubata mupi hazvina kubatsira, vakandiudza kuti rakanga risiri basa ravo kubata neizvi, uye vaigona kungovhara traffic yangu yakazara. Saka ndakagara kwemazuva maviri ndisina Indaneti kusvika vadzivisi vaneta nazvo.
mhedziso
Panofanira kunge paine sarudzo yemazuva ano P2P masevhisi anogona kuiswa pane sevha yemba, seZeroNet, IPFS, Tahoe-LAFS, BitTorrent, I2P. Asi mumakore mashoma apfuura maonero angu achinja zvakanyanya. Ini ndinotenda kuti kutambira chero masevhisi eruzhinji paimba IP kero, uye kunyanya ayo anosanganisira kudhawunirodha zvemukati zvemushandisi, zvinogadzira njodzi isina chikonzero kune vese vagari vanogara mufurati. Ikozvino ini ndinokupa zano kuti urambidze zvinopinda kubva paInternet zvakanyanya sezvinobvira, siya yakatsaurwa IP kero, uye chengetedza mapurojekiti ako ese ari kure maseva paInternet.
Tevera mugadziri wedu pa Instagram
Source: www.habr.com