🥇About backups muProxmox VE

Chinyorwa "Mashiripiti eVirtualization: Nhanganyaya yeProxmox VE" isu takabudirira kuisa hypervisor pane sevha, yakabatana chengetedzo kwairi, takatarisira kuchengetedza kwekutanga, uye kunyange kugadzira yekutanga chaiyo muchina. Zvino ngatitarisei maitiro ekuita mabasa ekutanga anofanirwa kuitwa kuitira kuti ugare uchikwanisa kudzoreredza masevhisi kana watadza.

Zvishandiso zveProxmox zvemuno zvinokutendera kuti usangodzosera data chete, asi zvakare gadzira seti ye pre-yakagadzirirwa inoshanda sisitimu mifananidzo yekukurumidza kutumirwa. Izvi hazvisi kungokubatsira iwe kugadzira sevha nyowani kune chero sevhisi mumasekonzi mashoma kana zvichidikanwa, asi zvakare inoderedza nguva yekudzika kusvika padiki.

Isu hatisi kuzotaura nezve kudiwa kwekugadzira backups, sezvo izvi zviri pachena uye zvagara zviri axiom. Ngatitarisei pane zvimwe zvinhu zvisiri pachena uye maitiro.

Kutanga, ngatitarisei kuti data inochengetedzwa sei panguva yekuchengetedza maitiro.

Backup algorithms

Ngatitangei nenyaya yekuti Proxmox ine maturusi akanaka ekugadzira makopi ekuchengetedza emakina chaiwo. Zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kuchengetedza yako yese virtual muchina data uye inotsigira maviri compression masisitimu, pamwe nenzira nhatu dzekugadzira iwo makopi.

Ngatitangei kutarisa maitiro ekumanikidza:

LZO compression. Iyo isina kurasikirwa data compression algorithm yakagadzirwa kumashure pakati pe-90s. Kodhi yakanyorwa Markus Oberheimer (yakaitwa muProxmox neiyo lzop utility). Chinhu chikuru cheiyi algorithm ndeyekumhanya-mhanya kusunungura. Naizvozvo, chero backup yakagadzirwa uchishandisa iyi algorithm inogona kuiswa mune shoma shoma yenguva kana zvichidikanwa.
GZIP compression. Uchishandisa iyi algorithm, iyo backup ichamanikidzwa panhunzi neGNU Zip utility, iyo inoshandisa ine simba Deflate algorithm yakagadzirwa ne. Phil Katz. Kunyanya kukoshesa ndeyekunyanya kudzvinyirira data, iyo inoderedza dhisiki nzvimbo inogarwa nemakopi ekuchengetedza. Musiyano mukuru kubva kuLZO ndewekuti compression / decompression maitiro anotora nguva yakawanda.

Archive modes

Proxmox inopa sisitimu maneja sarudzo yenzira nhatu dzekuchengetedza. Uchishandisa iwo, unogona kugadzirisa dambudziko rinodiwa nekuona kukosha pakati pekudiwa kwekupedza nguva uye kuvimbika kweiyo backup yakaitwa:

Snapshot mode. Iyi modhi inogona zvakare kunzi Live backup, sezvo isingade kumisa chaiyo muchina kuti uishandise. Kushandisa iyi michina haikanganisi kushanda kweVM, asi ine zvipingamupinyi zviviri zvakakomba - matambudziko anogona kumuka nekuda kwekuvharwa kwefaira neiyo inoshanda sisitimu uye inononoka kugadzira kukurumidza. Backups yakagadzirwa neiyi nzira inofanirwa kugara ichiyedzwa munzvimbo yekuyedza. Zvikasadaro, pane njodzi yekuti kana kupora kwechimbichimbi kuchidikanwa, vanogona kukundikana.
Suspend Mode. Iyo chaiyo muchina "inoomesa" mamiriro ayo kwenguva kusvika iyo backup process yapera. Zviri mukati me RAM hazvina kudzimwa, izvo zvinokutendera kuti uenderere mberi uchishanda chaizvo kubva panguva iyo basa rakambomira. Ehezve, izvi zvinokonzeresa server nguva yekudzikira apo ruzivo ruchikopwa, asi hapana chikonzero chekudzima / pamushini chaiwo, izvo zvakanyanya kukosha kune mamwe masevhisi. Kunyanya kana kutangwa kwemamwe masevhisi hakusi otomatiki. Nekudaro, ma backups akadaro anofanirwawo kuiswa kunzvimbo yekuyedza yekuyedza.
Stop Mode. Iyo yakavimbika nzira yekuchengetedza, asi inoda kuvharika kwakazara kweiyo chaiyo muchina. Murairo unotumirwa kuita chivharo chenguva dzose, mushure mekumira, backup inoitwa, uyezve murairo unopihwa kuti ubatidze muchina chaiwo. Huwandu hwekukanganisa neiyi nzira ishoma uye kazhinji kazhinji inoderedzwa kusvika zero. Backups dzakagadzirwa nenzira iyi dzinenge dzinogara dzichiendesa nemazvo.

Kuita reservation process

Kugadzira backup:

Handei kune yaunoda virtual muchina.
Sarudza chinhu Reservation.
Dhonza bhatani Reserve manje. Hwindo rinovhurika raunokwanisa kusarudza maparamita ekuchengetedza ramangwana.
Sekuchengetedza isu tinoratidza iyo yatakabatanidza muchikamu chakapfuura.
Mushure mekusarudza ma parameter, tinya bhatani Reservation uye mirira kusvikira backup yagadzirwa. Pachava nekunyorwa pamusoro peizvi TASK OK.

Iye zvino matura akagadzirwa ane makopi ekuchengetedza emakina chaiwo achave aripo kuti atore kubva kuseva. Iyo yakapfava uye yakajairika nzira yekukopa ndeye SFTP. Kuti uite izvi, shandisa yakakurumbira cross-platform FTP client FileZilla, iyo inogona kushanda uchishandisa SFTP protocol.

Mumunda Host isa iyo IP kero ye virtualization server yedu mumunda Username pinda midzi mumunda pasiwedhi - iyo yakasarudzwa panguva yekuiswa, uye mumunda Port ratidza "22" (kana chero imwe chiteshi chakange chataurirwa SSH yekubatanidza).
Dhonza bhatani Kukurumidza kubatana uye, kana data rese rakaiswa nenzira kwayo, ipapo mupaneru inoshanda iwe uchaona ese mafaera ari pane server.
Enda kudhairekitori /mnt/storage. Ese ma backups akagadzirwa achave ari mu "dump" subdirectory. Vachaita se:
- vzdump-qemu-machine_number-date-time.vma.gz kana ukasarudza nzira yeGZIP;
- vzdump-qemu-machine_number-date-time.vma.lzo pakusarudza nzira yeLZO.

Zvinokurudzirwa kudhawunirodha makopi ekuchengetedza kubva kuseva uye woachengeta munzvimbo yakachengeteka, semuenzaniso, mudura redu rekuchengetedza. Kana iwe ukaburitsa faira ine vma resolution, chishandiso chezita rimwe chete rinouya neProxmox, ipapo mukati muchange mune mafaera ane ekuwedzera. mbishi, conf и fw. Aya mafaira ane zvinotevera:

mbishi - disk mufananidzo;
conf - VM gadziriso;
fw - firewall marongero.

Kudzoreredza kubva kune backup

Ngatitarisei mamiriro ezvinhu apo muchina chaiwo wakabviswa netsaona uye kudzoreredza kwayo kwechimbichimbi kubva kubhaudhi kunodiwa:

Vhura nzvimbo yekuchengetedza uko kopi yekuchengetedza iripo.
Enda kune tab Zvemukati.
Sarudza kopi yaunoda uye tinya bhatani Kudzorera.
Isu tinoratidza chinangwa chekuchengetedza uye ID inozopihwa muchina mushure mekunge maitiro apera.
Dhonza bhatani Kudzorera.

Kana kudzoreredza kwapera, iyo VM ichaonekwa mune rondedzero yeanowanikwa.

Kugadzira muchina chaiwo

Semuenzaniso, ngatifungei kuti kambani inoda kuita shanduko kune imwe yakakosha sevhisi. Shanduko yakadaro inoshandiswa nekuita shanduko dzakawanda kune mafaira ekugadzirisa. Chigumisiro hachizivikanwi uye chero kukanganisa kunogona kukonzera kukanganisa kwebasa. Kuti udzivise kuyedza kwakadai kubva pakukanganisa sevha inomhanya, zvinokurudzirwa kutevedzera muchina chaiwo.

Iyo cloning mechanic ichagadzira kopi chaiyo yeiyo chaiyo server, iyo chero shanduko inogona kuitwa pasina kukanganisa kushanda kwesevhisi huru. Zvadaro, kana shanduko dzikashandiswa zvinobudirira, VM itsva inotangwa uye yekare inovharwa. Pane chinhu chiri mukuita uku chinofanira kurangarirwa nguva dzose. Muchina wakagadzirwa uchave nekero yeIP yakafanana neyekutanga VM, zvichireva kuti pachave nekunetsana kwekero kana yatanga.

Tichakuudza kuti ungadzivisa sei mamiriro akadai. Pakarepo usati waita cloning, iwe unofanirwa kuita shanduko kune network kumisikidza. Kuti uite izvi, unofanirwa kuchinja kero ye IP kwenguva pfupi, asi usatangazve sevhisi yetiweki. Mushure mekunge cloning yapedzwa pamushini mukuru, iwe unofanirwa kudzorera zvigadziriso kumashure, uye kuseta chero imwe kero yeIP pamushini wakagadzirwa. Nokudaro, tichagamuchira makopi maviri evhavha imwechete pamakero akasiyana. Izvi zvinokutendera kuti ukurumidze kuisa iyo sevhisi nyowani kushanda.

Kana sevhisi iyi iri webhu server, saka iwe unongoda kushandura A-rekodhi nemupi wako weDNS, mushure meiyo mikumbiro yemutengi yezita rezita iri inotumirwa kukero yemuchina wakagadzirwa.

Nenzira, Selectel inopa vatengi vayo vese sevhisi yekutambira chero nhamba yemadomasi pane maseva eNS mahara. Marekodhi anodzorwa zvese kuburikidza neyedu control panel uye kuburikidza yakakosha API. Verenga zvakawanda pamusoro peizvi muhwaro hwedu hweruzivo.

Kuvhara VM muProxmox ibasa riri nyore. Kuti uite izvi, unofanirwa kuita zvinotevera:

Enda kumushini watinoda.
Sarudza kubva kumenyu More clause Clone.
Muhwindo rinovhurwa, zadza Zita parameter.
Ita cloning pakubata kwebhatani Clone.

Ichi chishandiso chinokutendera iwe kuti uite kopi yemuchina chaiwo kwete chete pane yemuno server. Kana maseva akati wandei akasanganiswa kuita sumbu, saka uchishandisa chishandiso ichi unogona kufambisa kopi yakagadzirwa kune yaunoda sevha yemuviri. Chinhu chinobatsira isarudzo yedhisiki yekuchengetedza (parameter Target Storage), iyo iri nyore kwazvo kana uchifambisa muchina chaiwo kubva kune imwe yemuviri midhiya kuenda kune imwe.

Virtual kuchengetedza mafomati

Ngatikuudzei zvimwe nezve mafomati ekutyaira anoshandiswa muProxmox:

RAW. Iyo inonyanya kunzwisisika uye yakapusa fomati. Iyi i-byte-for-byte hard drive data faira isina compression kana optimization. Iyi ifomati iri nyore nekuti inogona kuiswa nyore nyore neyakajairwa gomo rekuraira pane chero Linux system. Uyezve, iyi ndiyo inokurumidza "mhando" yemotokari, sezvo hypervisor haifaniri kuigadzirisa nenzira ipi zvayo.
Kukanganisa kwakakomba kweiyo fomati ndeyekuti kunyangwe ingani nzvimbo yawakapa kune chaiyo muchina, chaiyo yakaenzana huwandu hweiyo hard disk nzvimbo ichagarwa neRAW faira (zvisinei nenzvimbo chaiyo yakagarwa mukati memuchina chaiwo).
QEMU mufananidzo fomati (qcow2). Zvichida iyo yakasarudzika maitiro ekuita chero basa. Chakanakira ndechekuti iyo data faira inongove ine chaiyo yakagarwa nzvimbo mukati meiyo chaiyo muchina. Semuenzaniso, kana 40 GB yenzvimbo yakagoverwa, asi 2 GB chete ndiyo yakashandiswa, ipapo imwe nzvimbo yose ichave iripo kune mamwe maVM. Izvi zvakakosha zvakanyanya kana uchichengetedza dhisiki nzvimbo.
Kukanganisa kudiki kwekushanda neiyi fomati ndeiyi inotevera: kuti uise mufananidzo wakadaro pane chero imwe system, iwe unozofanirwa kudhawunirodha. special nbd driveruye zvakare kushandisa chishandiso qemu-nbd, iyo inobvumira iyo inoshanda sisitimu kuwana iyo faira seyakajairwa block mudziyo. Mushure meizvi, chifananidzo chinozove chiripo chekumisikidza, kupatsanura, kutarisa faira system uye mamwe mabasa.

Izvo zvinofanirwa kuyeukwa kuti mabasa ese eI / O kana uchishandisa iyi fomati anogadziriswa musoftware, izvo zvinosanganisira kuderera kana uchishingairira kushanda neiyo disk subsystem. Kana basa ndere kuendesa dhatabhesi pane sevha, saka zviri nani kusarudza iyo RAW fomati.
VMware mufananidzo fomati (vmdk). Iyi fomati ndeyeiyo VMware vSphere hypervisor uye yakaverengerwa muProxmox kuti ienderane. Iyo inokutendera iwe kutamisa muchina weVMware chaiwo kune Proxmox zvivakwa.
Kushandisa vmdk nguva dzose hakukurudzirwe; iyi fomati ndiyo inononoka muProxmox, saka inokodzera kuita migration, hapana chimwe. Kukanganisa uku kunenge kwabviswa mune ramangwana rinoonekwa.

Kushanda nedhisiki mifananidzo

Proxmox inouya nechishandiso chiri nyore kwazvo chinonzi qemu-IMG. Rimwe remabasa ayo nderekushandura mifananidzo yedhisiki chaiyo. Kuti uishandise, ingovhura iyo hypervisor console uye mhanyisa iwo murairo mufomati:

qemu-img convert -f vmdk test.vmdk -O qcow2 test.qcow2

Mumuenzaniso wakapihwa, iyo vmdk mufananidzo weVMware virtual drive inonzi bvunzo ichashandurwa kuita fomati qcow2. Uyu murairo unobatsira zvikuru kana iwe uchida kugadzirisa chikanganiso mune yekutanga fomati sarudzo.

Nekuda kwekuraira kwakafanana, unogona kumanikidza kusikwa kwechifananidzo chaunoda uchishandisa nharo sika:

qemu-img create -f raw test.raw 40G

Uyu murairo uchagadzira mufananidzo wekuedza mufomati RAW, 40 GB muhukuru. Iye zvino yakakodzera kubatanidza kune chero yeaya chaiwo michina.

Resize a virtual disk

Uye mukupedzisa, tichakuratidza nzira yekuwedzera saizi yemufananidzo we diski kana pane chimwe chikonzero hapasisina nzvimbo yakakwana pairi. Kuti tiite izvi, tinoshandisa resize nharo:

qemu-img resize -f raw test.raw 80G

Iye zvino mufananidzo wedu wava 80 GB muhukuru. Iwe unogona kuona ruzivo rwakadzama nezvechifananidzo uchishandisa nharo Info:

qemu-img info test.raw

Usakanganwa kuti kuwedzera chifananidzo pachacho hakuzongowedzera saizi yekuparadzanisa - inongowedzera inowanikwa yemahara nzvimbo. Kuti uwedzere chikamu, shandisa murairo:

resize2fs /dev/sda1

apo / dev / sda1 - chikamu chinodiwa.

Automation ye backups

Kushandisa iyo yemanyorero nzira yekugadzira backups ibasa rinonyanya kushanda uye rinotora nguva. Ndosaka Proxmox VE inosanganisira chishandiso cheotomatiki yakarongwa mabhakiti. Ngationei kuti tingazviita sei:

Uchishandisa iyo hypervisor web interface, vhura chinhu Data center.
Sarudza chinhu Reservation.
Dhonza bhatani wedzera.
Seta maparameter emugadziri.
Tarisa bhokisi Gonesa.
Sevha shanduko uchishandisa bhatani Gadzira.

Iye zvino mugadziri anozovhura otomatiki chirongwa chekuchengetedza panguva chaiyo yakatsanangurwa, zvichibva pane yakatarwa chirongwa.

mhedziso

Isu takaongorora nzira dzakajairika dzekutsigira uye kudzoreredza chaiwo michina. Kushandisa kwavo kunobvumira iwe kuchengetedza data rese pasina matambudziko uye nekukasira kudzoreredza kana pane emergency.

Zvechokwadi, iyi haisi iyo chete nzira inogoneka yekuchengetedza data yakakosha. Kune akawanda maturusi aripo, e.g. duplicity, iyo iwe yaunogona kugadzira yakazara uye inowedzera makopi ezviri mukati meLinux-based virtual servers.

Paunenge uchiita maitiro ekuchengetedza, iwe unofanirwa kugara uchifunga kuti ivo vanoshingairira kurodha disk subsystem. Naizvozvo, zvinokurudzirwa kuti maitiro aya aitwe panguva dzemutoro mudiki kudzivirira kunonoka panguva yeI/O mashandiro mukati memichina. Iwe unogona kutarisa mamiriro e disk kunonoka kushanda zvakananga kubva kune hypervisor web interface (IO inononoka parameter).

Source: www.habr.com

Nezve backups muProxmox VE