Isu tinoenderera mberi nekurangarira nhoroondo yekuvandudzwa kwechimwe chezvakakosha zvigadzirwa munyika yakavhurika sosi. Muchinyorwa chekupedzisira isu nezvezviitiko zvakatanga kuitika Linux, uye vakataura nyaya yekuzvarwa kweshanduro yekutanga yekernel. Panguva ino, tichatarisa panguva yekutengeswa kweOS iyi yakavhurika, iyo yakatanga kuma90.
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Kuberekwa kwezvigadzirwa zvekutengesa
Nguva yekupedzisira yatakambomira pakambani yeSUSE, iyo muna 1992 yaive yekutanga kushambadzira OS yakavakirwa pa LinuxYakatanga kuburitsa zvigadzirwa zvevatengi vebhizinesi zvichibva pakugoverwa kwakakurumbira kweSlackware. Saka, kambani yakaratidza kuti kuvandudza kwemakambani ega ega kunogona kuitwa kwete kungonakidzwa chete, asiwo kuti pave nepurofiti.
Mumwe wevakatanga kutevera maitiro aya aive muzvinabhizimisi Bob Young (Bob Young) uye muvandudzi Marc Ewing (Marc Ewing) anobva kuUnited States. Muna 1993 Bob kambani yainzi ACC Corporation ndokutanga kutengesa zvigadzirwa zvemahara. Kana ari Mark, aishanda pakutengesa zvinhu zvitsva pakutanga kwema90. LinuxEwing akatumidza chirongwa ichi kuti Red Hat Linux vachikudza ngowani tsvuku yaaigara akapfeka paaishanda paCarnegie Mellon University computer lab. Beta version yekugoverwa kwayo muzhizha ra1994 zvichibva papfungwa huru Linux 1.1.18.
Kuburitswa kunotevera kweRed Hat Linux munaOctober uye yakanzi - Halloween. Yakasiyana nekutanga beta pamberi pezvinyorwa uye kukwanisa kusarudza pakati pezvinyorwa zviviri zvekernel - 1.0.9 uye 1.1.54. Mushure meizvozvo, zvigadziriso zvakaburitswa ingangoita mwedzi mitanhatu yega yega. Nharaunda yebudiriro yakagamuchira zvakanaka kune iyi purogiramu yekuvandudza uye nemoyo unoda kutora chikamu mukuyedzwa kwayo.
Zviri pachena kuti kufarirwa kwehurongwa uhwu hakuna kupunyuka kuna Bob Young, uyo akakurumidza kuwedzera chigadzirwa ichi kubhuku rake. Madhisiki nemadhisiki ane mavhezheni ekutanga eRed Hat. Linux Vaitengesa semahotcake. Mushure mekubudirira kwakadaro, muzvinabhizinesi uyu akasarudza kusangana naMark chiso nechiso.
Musangano pakati peYoung naEwing wakakonzera kubuda kweRed Hat muna 1995. Bob akatumidzwa kuti CEO wayo. Makore ekutanga ekuvapo kwekambani iyi aive akaoma. Kuti bhizinesi rirambe richienderera mberi, Bob aifanira kudaro mari kubva kumakadhi echikwereti. Pane imwe nguva, chikwereti chose chakasvika $50. Zvisinei, kuburitswa kwekutanga kwakazara kweRed Hat Linux Ndakagadzirisa mamiriro acho ezvinhu nekernel version 1.2.8. Purofiti yacho yaive yakakura, zvichiita kuti Bob akwanise kubhadhara mari kubva kumabhanga.
Nenzira, ndiyo nguva iyo nyika yakaona inozivikanwa zvikuru , uyo akabata bhegi muruoko rumwe, uye akabata ngowani yake tsvuku norumwe.
Pakazosvika 1998, kugoverwa kweRed Hat kwaive kuunza mari inodarika madhora mashanu emadhora pagore rekutengesa. Nhamba yacho yakawedzera zvakapetwa gore rakatevera, uye IPO pa mabhiriyoni akawanda emadhora.
Kubudirira kwekusimudzira kwechikamu chekambani
Pakati pemakore ekuma90, apo kugoverwa kweRed Hat Linux niche yayo mumusika, kambani yaivimba nekuvandudzwa kwebasa. Developers shanduro yekutengeserana yeOS iyo yaisanganisira zvinyorwa, mamwe maturusi, uye nzira yekuisa iri nyore. Kwapera chinguva, muna 1997, kambani avo. rutsigiro kune vatengi.
Muna 1998, pamwe chete neRed Hat, kuvandudzwa kwechikamu chemakambani Linux kare Oracle, Informix, Netscape uye Core. Mugore rimwe chetero, IBM yakatora danho rayo rekutanga kune yakavhurika sosi mhinduro - mubatanidzwa WebSphere yakavakirwa pane yakavhurika sosi Apache web server.
Glyn Moody, munyori wemabhuku anotaura nezve Linux naLinus Torvalds, , kuti ndipo panguva iyi apo IBM yakatanga nzira iyo, makore makumi maviri gare gare, yakaitungamirira kutenga Red Hat nemadhora mabhiriyoni makumi matatu nemana emadhora. Nenzira imwe kana imwe, kubvira ipapo, IBM yave iri pedyo zvikuru ne ecosystem. Linux uye kunyanya Red Hat. Muna 1999, makambani kuedza kushanda pahurongwa hwebhizinesi reIBM hwakavakirwa paRed Hat Linux.
Kwapera gore, Red Hat uye IBM vakasvika pachibvumirano chitsva - ivo kukurudzira nekushandisa Linux- mhinduro dzemakambani ese ari maviri mumakambani pasi rese. Chibvumirano ichi chakafukidza zvigadzirwa zveIBM zvakaita seDB2, WebSphere Application Server, Lotus Domino, uye IBM Small Business Pack. Muna 2000, IBM mapuratifomu ayo ese eseva ari pasi pe LinuxPanguva iyoyo, mamwe mapurojekiti ekambani anoshandisa zviwanikwa zvakawanda akanga atotanga kushanda pa operating system iyi. Pakati pawo, semuenzaniso, paiva ne supercomputer paYunivhesiti yeNew Mexico.
Pamusoro peIBM, Dell akatanga kushanda pamwe neRed Hat mumakore iwayo. Zvikuru nekuda kweizvi, muna 1999 kambani sevha yekutanga ine OS yakatoiswa kare LinuxMukupera kwema90 nekutanga kwema2000, Red Hat yakapindawo muchibvumirano nemamwe makambani, anosanganisira HP, SAP, neCompaq. Zvese izvi zvakabatsira Red Hat kuwana nzvimbo muchikamu chemabhizinesi.
Nguva yekuchinja kukuru munhoroondo yeRed Hat Linux Paiva pakati pa2002 na2003 apo kambani yakachinja zita rekambani yayo huru yeRed Hat Enterprise. Linux uye yakasiya zvachose kugoverwa kwayo kwemahara. Kubva ipapo, yave ichichinja zvachose kuchikamu chemakambani uye, neimwe nzira, yave mutungamiri wayo—ikozvino kambani chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chesevha yese musika.
Asi nezvose izvi, Red Hat haina kufuratira software yemahara. Mutsivi wekambani munzvimbo iyi yaive yekugovera Fedora, iyo yekutanga vhezheni (yakabudiswa muna 2003) yakavakirwa paRed Hat kernel 2.4.22 LinuxNhasi, Red Hat inotsigira zvizere kusimudzirwa kweFedora uye inoshandisa basa rechikwata muzvigadzirwa zvayo.
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Kutanga kwemakwikwi
Chikamu chekutanga chechinyorwa chino chakanyatsotsaurirwa kuRed Hat. Asi izvozvo hazvirevi kuti hapana zvimwe zviri kuitika mu ecosystem. Linux Hapana OS yakaonekwa mumakore gumi ekutanga ekuvapo kwayo. Red Hat ndiyo yakanyanya kusarudza kukura kwesystem yekushandisa uye kugoverwa kwakawanda, asi kunyangwe muchikamu chemakambani, kambani iyi yakanga isiriyo yega kambani.
Kunze kwake, SUSE naTurbo vakashanda panoLinux, Caldera, nedzimwe, idzo dzaive dzakakurumbirawo uye dzakava nevateveri vakatendeka. Uye mabasa akadaro haana kucherechedzwa nevakwikwidzi, kunyanya Microsoft.
Muna 1998, Bill Gates akataura mashoko achiedza kurerutsa kukosha kwe LinuxSemuenzaniso, iye kuti "akanga asati ambonzwa kubva kune vatengi nezvemaitiro akadaro ekushanda."
Nekudaro, mugore rimwe chete, mumushumo wepagore weUS Securities and Exchange Commission, Microsoft Linux pakati pevakwikwidzi vavo. Panguva imwe chete, pakava nekubuda kwenyaya yezvainzi — manotsi kubva kumushandi weMicrosoft, uyo akaongorora njodzi dzemakwikwi kubva Linux uye software yakavhurika.
Mukusimbiswa kwekutya kwese kweMicrosoft, muna 1999 mazana evashandisi Linux kubva kumativi ose enyika pazuva rimwe chete kumahofisi ekambani. Vaida kudzorera mari yesystem yakanga yaiswa pamakomputa avo. Windows sechikamu chemushandirapamwe wepasi rose - Windows Zuva reKudzoserwa Mari. Vashandisi vakaratidza kusagutsikana kwavo neMicrosoft's OS monopoly pamusika wePC.
Kusawirirana kusingataurwi pakati pekambani huru yeIT nenharaunda Linux yakaramba ichikura mukutanga kwema2000. Panguva iyoyo, Linux inopfuura chikamu chimwe muzvina chemusika wemaseva uye yakaramba ichiwedzera mugove wayo. Zvichienderana nezvakaitika pamishumo iyi, CEO weMicrosoft Steve Ballmer akamanikidzwa kubvuma pachena Linux mukwikwidzi mukuru mumusika wemaseva. Panguva imwe chete iyoyo, iye vhura OS "cancer" yehungwaru pfuma uye yakanyatso pikisa chero budiriro ine rezinesi reGPL.
Isu tiri yakaunganidza OS statistics yeanoshanda maseva evatengi vedu.
Kana tichitaura nezvekugoverwa kwemunhu mumwe nemumwe, inonyanya kufarirwa pakati pevatengi ve1cloud ichiripo Ubuntu — 45%, ichiteverwa ne CentOS (28%) uye nekunonoka zvishoma Debian (26%).
Imwe nzira yekurwisa Microsoft nevekugadzira mapurogiramu yaive kuburitswa kweLindows OS zvichibva pa kernel. Linux, zita rayo rakakopwa WindowsMuna 2001, Microsoft USA ichipokana nekambani yeOS, ichida shanduko yezita. Mukupindura, akaedza kukanganisa kodzero yeMicrosoft kune rimwe remazwi echiRungu uye anobva mairi. Makore maviri gare gare, gakava iri rakakundwa nekambani - zita rokuti LindowsOS paLinspire. Nekudaro, vagadziri veiyo yakavhurika OS vakaita sarudzo iyi nekuzvidira kuti vadzivise zvirevo kubva kuMicrosoft kune dzimwe nyika uko system yavo yekushandisa inogoverwa.
Ko musimboti? Linux?
Pasinei nekusawirirana kwemakambani uye kutaura kwakasimba pamusoro pesoftware yemahara kubva kuvatungamiriri vemakambani makuru, nharaunda Linux vakaramba vachichinja. Vagadziri vakashanda pakugoverwa kwemahara matsva uye vakavandudza kernel. Nekuda kwekupararira kweinternet, izvi zvakava nyore. Muna 1994, kernel version Linux 1.0.0, uye makore maviri gare gare - 2.0. Nekuburitswa kwega kwega, OS yakatsigira huwandu huri kuwedzera hwema processor nema mainframes.
Pakati pemakore ekuma90, yakanga yatove yakakurumbira pakati pevagadziri Linux yakagadzirwa kwete chete sechigadzirwa chetekinoroji, asiwo sechiratidzo. Muna 1995, kuratidzwa kwekutanga nemusangano Linux Expo, iyo yaive nevatauri vakakurumbira munharaunda, kusanganisira Mark Ewing. Mumakore mashoma, Expo yakanga yava chimwe chezviitiko zvikuru pasi rose. Linux.
Muna 1996, nyika yakatanga kuona chiratidzo nepenguin yakakurumbira , izvo zvichiri kuenderera mberi Linux-zvigadzirwa. Zvake programmer uye mugadziri Larry Ewing (Larry Ewing) zvichibva pane nyaya dze "fierce penguin" uyo akamborwisa Linus Torvalds ndokumutapurira chirwere chinonzi penguinitis.
Kuma90 kwakabuda mafirimu maviri akakosha munhoroondo, rimwe richitevedza rimwe. Linux zvigadzirwa - GNOME neKDE. Nekuda kwezvishandiso izvi, masisitimu eUnix, kusanganisira Linux, yakagamuchira ma graphical interfaces ari nyore kushandisa. Kuburitswa kwezvishandiso izvi kunogona kutorwa seimwe yenhanho dzekutanga kuenda kumusika mukuru. Dzidza zvakawanda nezvedanho iri munhoroondo. Linux Tichakuudzai muchikamu chinotevera.
Mune 1cloud corporate blog:
Source: www.habr.com
