Adigoo isticmaalaya beddelaadyo casri ah oo dheeraad ah oo ay weheliyaan qalabyada khadka taliska ee duugga ah, waxaad yeelan kartaa madadaalo badan oo xitaa waxaad hagaajin kartaa wax soo saarkaaga.
Shaqadeena maalinlaha ah ee Linux/Unix, waxaan isticmaalnaa qalab badan oo khadka taliska - tusaale ahaan, du si aan ula socono isticmaalka diskka iyo ilaha nidaamka. Qalabkan qaarkood ayaa jiray muddo dheer. Tusaale ahaan, top wuxuu soo muuqday 1984, iyo sii dayntii ugu horeysay ee du waxay dib u dhacday 1971.
Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, qalabkan ayaa la casriyeeyay oo loo gudbiyay habab kala duwan, laakiin guud ahaan kama aysan fogaan nuqulkoodii ugu horreeyay, muuqaalkooda iyo isticmaalkooda ayaa sidoo kale wax badan iska beddelin.
Kuwani waa qalab aad u fiican oo maamulayaal badan ay u baahan yihiin. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, bulshadu waxay samaysay qalab kale oo bixiya faa'iidooyin dheeraad ah. Qaar ka mid ah waxay si fudud u leeyihiin is-dhexgal casri ah oo qurux badan, halka kuwa kalena ay si weyn u wanaajiyaan isticmaalka. Turjumaadaan, waxaan kaga hadli doonaa shan siyaabood oo lagu beddeli karo aaladaha khadka taliska ee Linux.
1. ncdu vs du
Isticmaalka Disk-ga Ncurses) waxay la mid tahay du, laakiin leh is-dhexgal is-dhexgal oo ku salaysan maktabadda habaarka. ncdu waxay soo bandhigaysaa qaab dhismeedka hagaha ee qaada inta badan booska diskkaaga.
ncdu waxay falanqaysaa saxanka ka dibna soo bandhigtaa natiijooyinka lagu kala soocay hagayaasha ama faylasha inta badan la isticmaalo, tusaale ahaan:
ncdu 1.14.2 ~ Use the arrow keys to navigate, press ? for help
--- /home/rgerardi ------------------------------------------------------------
96.7 GiB [##########] /libvirt
33.9 GiB [### ] /.crc
7.0 GiB [ ] /Projects
. 4.7 GiB [ ] /Downloads
. 3.9 GiB [ ] /.local
2.5 GiB [ ] /.minishift
2.4 GiB [ ] /.vagrant.d
. 1.9 GiB [ ] /.config
. 1.8 GiB [ ] /.cache
1.7 GiB [ ] /Videos
1.1 GiB [ ] /go
692.6 MiB [ ] /Documents
. 591.5 MiB [ ] /tmp
139.2 MiB [ ] /.var
104.4 MiB [ ] /.oh-my-zsh
82.0 MiB [ ] /scripts
55.8 MiB [ ] /.mozilla
54.6 MiB [ ] /.kube
41.8 MiB [ ] /.vim
31.5 MiB [ ] /.ansible
31.3 MiB [ ] /.gem
26.5 MiB [ ] /.VIM_UNDO_FILES
15.3 MiB [ ] /Personal
2.6 MiB [ ] .ansible_module_generated
1.4 MiB [ ] /backgrounds
944.0 KiB [ ] /Pictures
644.0 KiB [ ] .zsh_history
536.0 KiB [ ] /.ansible_async
Total disk usage: 159.4 GiB Apparent size: 280.8 GiB Items: 561540Waxaad ku dhex dhex mari kartaa gelinta adigoo isticmaalaya furayaasha fallaadha. Haddii aad riixdo Gelida, ncdu waxay soo bandhigi doontaa waxa ku jira hagaha la doortay:
--- /home/rgerardi/libvirt ----------------------------------------------------
/..
91.3 GiB [##########] /images
5.3 GiB [ ] /mediaWaxaad isticmaali kartaa qalabkan, tusaale ahaan, si aad u go'aamiso faylalka qaadanaya booska ugu badan ee diskooga. Waxaad aadi kartaa hagaha hore adiga oo riixaya falaarta bidix. Ncdu waxaad ku tirtiri kartaa faylasha adigoo riixaya furaha d. Waxay codsanaysaa xaqiijin ka hor inta aan la tirtirin. Haddii aad rabto in aad damiso qaabka tirtirka si aad uga hortagto luminta shilalka ee faylasha qiimaha leh, isticmaal ikhtiyaarka -r si aad awood ugu yeelatid habka wax-akhris-kaliya: ncdu -r.
ncdu waxay diyaar u tahay goobo badan oo Linux ah iyo qaybin. Tusaale ahaan, waxaad isticmaali kartaa dnf si aad ugu rakibto Fedora si toos ah meelaha rasmiga ah:
$ sudo dnf install ncdu2. sare vs sare
waa daawade habka is-dhexgalka oo la mid ah kan sare, laakiin ka baxsan sanduuqa waxay bixisaa khibrad isticmaale oo fiican. Sida caadiga ah, htop wuxuu soo bandhigayaa xog la mid ah tan sare, laakiin qaab muuqaal iyo midab leh.
Sida caadiga ah hotpku wuxuu u eg yahay sidan:
Si ka duwan kan sare:
Intaa waxaa dheer, htop wuxuu soo bandhigayaa macluumaadka guud ee ku saabsan nidaamka ugu sarreeya, iyo guddi loogu talagalay socodsiinta amarrada isticmaalaya furayaasha shaqada ee hoose. Waxaad u habeyn kartaa adigoo riixaya F2 si aad u furto shaashadda qaabeynta. Settings dhexdeeda, waxaad ku bedeli kartaa midabada, ku dari kartaa ama ka saari kartaa cabbirada, ama waxaad bedeli kartaa xulashada bandhiga guud ee guddiga.
In kasta oo aad ku gaadhi karto adeegsi la mid ah adigoo hagaajinaya jaangooyooyinka noocyadii ugu dambeeyay ee sare, htop waxay ku siinaysaa qaabayn ku habboon, taas oo ka dhigaysa mid la taaban karo oo fudud in la isticmaalo.
3. tldr vs nin
Qalabka khadka taliska tldr wuxuu soo bandhigayaa macluumaadka caawinta la fududeeyay ee ku saabsan amarrada, badi tusaalooyin. Waxaa horumariyay bulshada .
Waxaa xusid mudan in tldr aanu ahayn nin beddela. Wali waa aaladda wax-soo-saarka bogag ee canonical iyo tan ugu dhammaystiran. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xaaladaha qaarkood ninku waa shaqo la'aan. Marka aanad u baahnayn macluumaad dhamaystiran oo ku saabsan amarka, waxa aad isku dayaysaa oo kaliya in aad xasuusato adeegsigiisa aasaasiga ah. Tusaale ahaan, bogga ninka ee amarka curlku wuxuu ka kooban yahay ku dhawaad ββ3000 oo sadar. Bogga tldr ee curlku waa 40 sadar. Qaybteedu waxay u egtahay sidan:
$ tldr curl
# curl
Transfers data from or to a server.
Supports most protocols, including HTTP, FTP, and POP3.
More information: <https://curl.haxx.se>.
- Download the contents of an URL to a file:
curl http://example.com -o filename
- Download a file, saving the output under the filename indicated by the URL:
curl -O http://example.com/filename
- Download a file, following [L]ocation redirects, and automatically [C]ontinuing (resuming) a previous file transfer:
curl -O -L -C - http://example.com/filename
- Send form-encoded data (POST request of type `application/x-www-form-urlencoded`):
curl -d 'name=bob' http://example.com/form
- Send a request with an extra header, using a custom HTTP method:
curl -H 'X-My-Header: 123' -X PUT http://example.com
- Send data in JSON format, specifying the appropriate content-type header:
curl -d '{"name":"bob"}' -H 'Content-Type: application/json' http://example.com/users/1234
... TRUNCATED OUTPUTTLDR macneheedu waa "aad u dheer; ma akhriyin": yacni, qoraalka qaar baa la iska indho-tiray, sababtoo ah hadalladiisa xad dhaafka ah. Magaca ayaa ku habboon qalabkan sababtoo ah boggaga ninku, inkastoo faa'iido leh, mararka qaarkood waxay noqon kartaa mid aad u dheer.
Fedora, tldr waxa lagu qoray Python. Waxaad ku rakibi kartaa adigoo isticmaalaya maareeyaha dnf. Caadi ahaan, qalabku wuxuu u baahan yahay marin internet si uu u shaqeeyo. Laakiin Fedora's Python macmiilka wuxuu u oggolaanayaa bogaggan in la soo dejiyo oo la kaydiyo si offline loo galo.
4.jq vs sed/grep
jq waa processor-ka JSON ee khadka taliska. Waxay la mid tahay sed ama grep, laakiin waxaa si gaar ah loogu talagalay inay la shaqeyso xogta JSON. Haddii aad tahay horumariye ama maamulaha nidaamka oo u isticmaala JSON hawl maalmeedka, kani waa qalabka adiga.
Faa'iidada ugu weyn ee jq ee qalabka habaynta qoraalka caadiga ah sida grep iyo sed waa in ay fahmeen qaab dhismeedka xogta JSON, taas oo kuu oggolaanaysa inaad ku abuurto weydiimo adag hal tibaax.
Tusaale ahaan, waxaad isku dayaysaa inaad ka dhex hesho magacyada weelka faylkan JSON:
{
"apiVersion": "v1",
"kind": "Pod",
"metadata": {
"labels": {
"app": "myapp"
},
"name": "myapp",
"namespace": "project1"
},
"spec": {
"containers": [
{
"command": [
"sleep",
"3000"
],
"image": "busybox",
"imagePullPolicy": "IfNotPresent",
"name": "busybox"
},
{
"name": "nginx",
"image": "nginx",
"resources": {},
"imagePullPolicy": "IfNotPresent"
}
],
"restartPolicy": "Never"
}
}Ku orod grep si aad u heshid magaca xargaha:
$ grep name k8s-pod.json
"name": "myapp",
"namespace": "project1"
"name": "busybox"
"name": "nginx",grep wuxuu soo celiyay dhammaan xariiqyada uu ku jiro ereyga magaca. Waxaad ku dari kartaa dhawr ikhtiyaar oo dheeraad ah si aad u xaddiddo, oo aad isticmaasho wax-ka-beddelka odhaahda caadiga ah si aad u hesho magacyada weelka.
Si aad u hesho natiijo isku mid ah adigoo isticmaalaya jq, kaliya qor:
$ jq '.spec.containers[].name' k8s-pod.json
"busybox"
"nginx"Amarkan ayaa ku siin doona magacyada labada weel. Haddii aad raadinayso oo keliya magaca weelka labaad, ku dar tusmada cutubka diyaarinta tibaaxaha:
$ jq '.spec.containers[1].name' k8s-pod.json
"nginx"Maadaama jq uu wax ka og yahay qaabka xogta, waxay soo saartaa natiijooyin isku mid ah xitaa haddii qaabka faylka wax yar isbeddelo. grep iyo sed si sax ah uma shaqeeyaan kiiskan.
jq waxay leedahay hawlo badan, laakiin maqaal kale ayaa loo baahan yahay si loo qeexo. Wixii macluumaad dheeraad ah fadlan la xiriir jq ama tldr.
5. fd vs heli
waa bedel la fududeeyay ee utility raadinta. Fd looguma talagalin in si buuxda loo bedelo: waxay leedahay goobaha ugu caansan ee lagu rakibay default, taasoo qeexaysa habka guud ee la shaqaynta faylasha.
Tusaale ahaan, marka aad raadinayso faylasha ku jira hagaha kaydka Git, fd waxay si toos ah uga saaraysaa faylalka qarsoon iyo haga-hoosaadyada, oo ay ku jiraan .git directory, oo ay sidoo kale iska indha tirto kaararka duurjoogta ah ee faylka .gitignore. Guud ahaan, waxay dedejisaa raadinta iyadoo soo celinaysa natiijooyin badan oo khuseeya isku daygii ugu horreeyay.
Sida caadiga ah, fd waxay ku qabataa raadinta xaalad-dareenka ah ee hagaha hadda, oo leh wax soo saar midab leh. Raadin isku mid ah oo la adeegsanayo amarka raadinta waxay u baahan tahay gelitaanka xaddiyada dheeraadka ah ee khadka taliska. Tusaale ahaan, si aad u hesho dhammaan faylasha .md (ama .MD) ee tusaha hadda jira, waxaad qori lahayd amarka soo-helidda sidan:
$ find . -iname "*.md"Fd waxay u egtahay sidan:
$ fd .mdLaakiin xaaladaha qaarkood, fd waxay sidoo kale u baahan tahay xulashooyin dheeraad ah: tusaale ahaan, haddii aad rabto inaad ku darto faylal qarsoon iyo hagayaal, waa inaad isticmaashaa ikhtiyaarka -H, inkasta oo tan inta badan aan loo baahnayn marka la raadinayo.
fd waxay diyaar u tahay qaybin badan oo Linux ah. Gudaha Fedora waxaa lagu rakibi karaa sidan oo kale:
$ sudo dnf install fd-findUma baahnid inaad wax iska dayso
Ma isticmaashaa aaladaha khadka taliska ee Linux ee cusub? Mise waxaad si gaar ah ugu fadhidaa kuwii hore? Laakiin waxay u badan tahay inaad leedahay combo, sax? Fadlan la wadaag khibradaada faallooyinka.
Iidheh ahaan
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Source: www.habr.com