Shirkadda California Amps waxay soo bandhigtay warshadadeedii ugu horaysay ee 80-core ARM ee ku salaysan qaab dhismeedka 64-bit Ampere Altra.

Dhowr sano hadda, khubarada ayaa saadaaliyay in goobta ARM ay ku tartami doonto x86 xarumaha xogta, laakiin tani ma dhacayso. Dhamaadka 2019 halkaas Intel ayaa ku awood badan saami dhan 95,5%AMD waxay leedahay 4,5%.

Si kastaba ha noqotee, processor-ka cusub ee ARM ee SPECrate 2017 bartilmaameedka isugeynta wuxuu muujinayaa waxqabad ka sarreeya kan ugu dhaqsaha badan 64-core AMD EPYC ama 28-core Xeon ee ugu sarreeya qoyska Cascade Lake. Tani mar horeba waa sheegasho halis ah (inkasta oo natiijooyinka bartilmaameedku ay yihiin wax yar "maroojin", hoos eeg).

Faa'iidada ugu weyn ee ARM waa hufnaanta tamarta, taas oo, qeexitaan, aan la jaan qaadi karin x86 processor sababtoo ah dhismaha. 80-core Ampere Altra waxa uu leeyahay TDP 45-210 W iyo xawaarihiisa saacada ah 3 GHz.

Ampere wuxuu aaminsan yahay in hal dun halkii xudunta ah halkii ay ka ahaan lahayd laba ay horseeddo ammaan weyn sababtoo ah nashqadani waxay si fiican u ilaalinaysaa xuubka shakhsi ahaaneed weerarrada kanaalka sida Meltdown iyo Specter.

Processor-ka waxa loogu talagalay codsiyada server-ka sida falanqaynta xogta, sirdoonka macmal, kaydinta xogta, kaydinta, isgaadhsiinta, xisaabinta geesaha, martigelinta webka iyo codsiyada daruuraha. Gaar ahaan codsiyada mashiinka barashada, taageerada hardware ee FP16 (lambarada nuska saxda ah) iyo INT8 (hal-byte metelaad) qaababka xogta ayaa la hirgeliyay. Waxa kale oo jira dardargelinta qalabka AES iyo SHA-256 hashing.

Chips-yada waxaa lagu soo saaray warshadda TSMC iyadoo la adeegsanayo tignoolajiyada habka 7 nm. Muunooyinkii ugu horreeyay ee CPU ayaa horay loo diray macaamiisha suurtagalka ah, waxaana la qorsheeyay in wax soo saarka ballaaran la bilaabo bartamaha 2020.

Maamulaha guud ee Ampere iyo Madaxwaynihii hore ee Intel Renée James ayaa aasaasay Ampere Computing bishii Oktoobar 2017 aasaaska shirkadda kombuyuutar ee Applied Micro Circuits Corporation (1979-2017), kaas oo sidoo kale naqshadeeyay soo-saareyaasha server-ka ARM. Gaar ahaan, 2011 waxay soo bandhigtay 64-bit X-Gene ee ku salaysan ARMv8-A.

James wuxuu hadda isku daraa jagooyinka Agaasimaha Guud iyo Guddoomiyaha Guddiga Maamulka Ampere Computing iyo jagada Guddoomiye ku xigeenka Guddiga La-talinta Isgaarsiinta Amniga Qaranka, oo la-taliya Madaxweynaha Mareykanka.

Waxaan la yaabanahay sida uu u guulaysan doono isku dayga cusub ee lagu keenayo soo-saareyaasha ARM ee suuqa server-ka.

"Waxaan sii deynay Processor-ka leh tirada ugu badan ee koodhka suuqa," ayuu yidhi James. "Hadda waxaan u dirnay [tijaabo] qaar ka mid ah bixiyeyaasha daruuraha ugu waaweyn ee warshadaha... Waxaan u maleynayaa inay dadku la yaabi doonaan. [Tignoolajiyada hore] had iyo jeer waxaa lagu beddelaa wax cusub. Oo haddii aysan ka iman shirkad hadda jirta, ka dibna mid cusub. Aad ayey u farxad badan tahay in aan ka shaqeeyo waxa aan u arko marxaladda xigta ee warshadaha."

Waxaa jiray hadal badan oo ku saabsan 64-bit ARM chips server sanadihii la soo dhaafay, markii AMD iyo Applied Micro ee kor ku xusan ay isku dayeen inay soo saaraan soo-saareyaal la mid ah. Laakiin shirkadahan ayaa ku guuldareystay. AMD waxay xidhay mashruuceeda ARM, iyo Applied Micro hantideeda waa la iibin jiray Shirkadda Macom. 2017, Carlyle Group waxay iibsatay qaybteeda processor-ka ARM. Heshiisku wuxuu xirmay dhamaadkii 2019, James wuxuu la wareegay maamulaha shirkadda cusub, isaga oo ka tagay booskeedii COO ee Kooxda Carlyle.

Laba goobood oo Ampere server ah: Mt. Jade iyo Mt. Baraf

Ampere Altra's cores hal-threaded iyo "cufan, adeegayaal tamarta waxtarka leh" ee lagu dhisi karo CPU-yada noocan oo kale ah ayaa u oggolaanaya macaamiisha inay "kor u qaadaan tirada adeegyada ay geyn karaan daruuraha," ayay tiri shirkaddu.

Processor Ampere Altra wuxuu ku salaysan yahay goobta ARM Neoverse N1. Jawaab celin wanaagsan oo ku saabsan server-yada cusub ayaa laga helay injineerada Microsoft Azure, Oracle, Canonical, VMware, Kinvolk, Packet, Lenovo, Gigabyte, Wiwynn iyo Micron, kuwaas oo dhamaantood lagu sheegay war-saxaafadeedka.

Adeegaha Mt. Jade oo loogu talagalay laba soo-saareyaal (160 cores): falanqaynta xogta, kaydinta xogta, shabakadda

Shirkaddu waxay sheegtay in software-ku uu diyaar u yahay inuu la shaqeeyo Ampere Altra: "Waxa ugu weyn hadda waa haddii aad eegto dhammaan lakabyada, lakabka OS, wax kasta oo Linux ilaa BSD ilaa Windows oo dhan waxay taageeraan ARM," ayuu yidhi Jeff Wittich Wittich. Guddoomiye ku-xigeenka sare ee alaabta ee Ampere. - Farsamaynta, waxaan taageero u haynaa Kubernetes, Docker, VMware iyo KBM. Wax walba halkaas ayaa lagu taageeraa. Marka la eego heerka codsiga, wax kasta oo ka shaqeeya daruuraha maanta ayaa durba halkan ka shaqeeya. "

Adeegaha Mt. Barafka hal processor: xisaabinta geesaha, adeegyada isgaarsiinta, shabakada, kaydinta xogta

Спецификации

• Processor-hoosaadka
  • 80 ARM v8.2+ 64-bit cores oo lagu xiray ilaa 3,0 GHz oo leh Turbo Sustained, waxay ku daraysaa xoogaa horumar ah ARM v8.3 iyo v8.4
  • 1 KB L64 I-cache, 1 KB L64 D-cache xuduntiiba, 2 MB L1 cache xuduntiiba, 32 MB kayd heerka nidaamka la wadaago (SLC)
  • Laba-ballac (128-bit) SIMD (Hal-u-dhigid, Xog-ururin) qulqulka tilmaamaha
  • Isku xidhka isku xidhan ee shabakada mesh
• Xusuusta nidaamka
  • 8x 72-bit DDR4-3200 kanaalka
  • ECC, Astaanta ku salaysan ECC, DDR4 RAS
  • Ilaa 16 DIMMs iyo 4 TB godkiiba
• Ilaha nidaamka
  • Farsamaynta ka-hortagga buuxda (GICv3)
  • Farsamaynta I/O oo dhamaystiran (SMMUv3)
  • Heerka server-ka ganacsiga ee RAS (isku-kalsoonaan, helitaan, karti adeeg) isku halaynta
• Shabakad
  • 128 PCIe Gen4
    • 8 x8 PCIe + 4 x16 PCIe/CCIX oo taageero u ah Habka Xawaaraha Dheeraadka ah (ESM) ee wareejinta xogta 20/25 GT/s (gigatransactions per second)
    • 48 kontaroolayaal si ay u taageeraan ilaa 32 x2 isku xidhka
  • 192 khadadka qaabeynta 2P
  • Taageero godad badan
  • 4 xariiq x16 CCIX
• Qiyaasta Heerkulka - laga bilaabo 0 ° C ilaa +90 ° C
• Питание
  • CPU: 0,80 V, DDR4: 1,2 V
  • I/O: 3,3V/1,8V, SerDes PLL: 1,8V
• Maamulka awoodda - Qiimaynta firfircoon, Turbo Gen2, ilaalinta korantada
• Guryeynta - 4926-pin FCLGA
• Warshadaha - Farsamada FinFET 7 nm

Tilmaamaha

Jeff Wittich wuxuu sheegay in processor-ka Ampere uu 4% ka fiican yahay kan AMD ee EPYC-ga ugu dhaqsaha badan marka la eego cabbiraadaha wuxuuna isticmaalaa 14% awood ka yar. Waxaan ka hadleynaa processor 64-core EPYC ah
7742 oo wata TDP 225 W iyo kharash dhan $6950. Kani waa kan ugu awooda badan qoyska processor-ka EPYC 2 ee ku salaysan Zen 2 microarchitecture. Qoyska waxaa la soo bandhigay Agoosto 2019.

Wittich wuxuu kaloo sameeyay isbarbardhigga 28-core Xeon processor-ka qoyska Cascade Lake. Processor-ka Ampere Altra wuxuu ka sarreeyaa "2,23 jeer waxqabadka iyo 2,11 jeer waxtarka tamarta." Halkan waxqabadka waxaa lagu barbardhigay 28-core Xeon Platinum 8280 (205 W), waxtarka tamarta ayaa la xisaabiyay xuduntiiba.

Processor-ka Ampere Altra ayaa lagu soo waramayaa in uu ka sareeyo 2017 marka la eego cabbirka isugeynta SPECrate 259. miiska natiijada Tani waxay ka hooseysaa waxqabadka ugu sarreeya ee ASUS RS720A-E9 (KNPP-D32) Nidaamka Server-ka (2.20 GHz, AMD EPYC 7601) iyo ASUS RS500A-E10 (KRPA-U16) Nidaamka Server 2.25 GHz, AMD EPYC 7742.

Si kastaba ha noqotee, isbarbardhigga waxqabadka, Ampere wuxuu adeegsaday qodob 0,85 natiijooyinka AMD iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay adeegsiga AMD64 compiler suite si loo ururiyo koodhka bartilmaameedka, marka la barbar dhigo GCC 8.2 ay iyadu iskeed u isticmaashay, maadaama isku-duwaha AMD C/C ++ soo saarayo wax badan oo la hagaajiyay. kood ka badan GCC on ARM.

In kasta oo la isku hagaajinayo heerka cabbirka, Ampere Altra wuxuu u muuqdaa mid aad u wanaagsan marka loo eego waxqabadka iyo waxtarka tamarta. Rakidhka caadiga ah ee 42U ee leh sahay koronto oo dhan 12,5kW waxa uu xidhi karaa ilaa 3500 cores oo processor ah, taas oo badbaadinaysa watts kasta xudunta.

Tanina waa bilow uun. Jeff Wittich wuxuu sheegay in sanad gudihiis ay jiri doonto badeecad kale oo suuqa ku jirta, oo magaceedu yahay Mystique, kaas oo Ampere uu sii kordhin doono tirada koodhka.

Mystique waxay taageeri doontaa isla godka, markaa looma baahna in la beddelo Motherboard-yada. Jiilka xiga Siryn SoC ayaa la qorsheeyay in la sii daayo 2022.

Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, waxaan aragnay dhowr isku day oo lagu sii daayo soo-saareyaasha server-ka ARM ee shirkado kala duwan: Broadcom/Cavium/Marvell, Calxeda, Huawei, Fujitsu, Phytium, Annapurna/Amazon iyo AppliedMicro/Ampere. Inta badan isku dayadaas waa lagu guul darreystay. Laakiin waxaa jira calaamado muujinaya in xaaladdu ay is beddelayso. Bishii Disembar 2019, Amazon loo rogay wax soo saar adeegayaal leh 64-core ARM processor graviton2 waa nidaam-chip-ku-saleysan isla xudunta ARM Neoverse N1. Imtixaanada qaar, xaaladaha ARM (M6g iyo M6gd) ayaa si ka wanaagsan sameeyay, mararka qaarna aad uga wanaagsan x86.

Bishii Nofeembar 2019, waxaa la sheegay in bilawga Mareykanka ee Nuvia waxay soo jiidatay $53 milyan oo maalgelin ganacsi ah. Bilawga waxaa aasaasay saddex injineer oo hormuud u ah kuwaas oo ku lug lahaa abuurista processor-yada Apple iyo Google. Waxa kale oo ay ballan qaadeen in ay soo saari doonaan Processor-yaasha Server-yada kuwaas oo la tartami doona Intel iyo AMD. By macluumaadka la heli karoNuvia waxay nashqadaysay processor-ka gunta hoose ka soo dul dhismi kara dhismaha ARM, balse aan helin shatiga ARM.

Waxaas oo dhan waxay muujinayaan in soo-saareyaasha RISC ay ka heli karaan codsi ma aha oo keliya aaladaha mobilada, laakiin sidoo kale server-yada, iyo sidoo kale kombuyuutarrada desktop-ka iyo laptop-yada. By habka, waxaa jira warar xan ah in Laptobyada mustaqbalka ee Apple MacBook sidoo kale waxaa lagu sii dayn doonaa soo-saareyaasha ARM.

Dhab ahaantii, moodooyinka ugu dambeeyay ee iPad Pro ee leh processor-rada ARM A12X waxay ku dhow yihiin inay u xoog badan yihiin sida 15-inch MacBook Pro oo leh Core i7 iyo Core i9 processors, markaa cusboonaysiinta noocan oo kale ah waxay noqon doontaa mid macquul ah.

Source: www.habr.com