Sida akhristayaashayadu og yihiin, Qrator.Radar waxa uu si hagar la'aan ah u baadhayaa isku xidhka caalamiga ah ee BGP iyo sidoo kale isku xidhka gobolka. Maaddaama "Internetka" uu gaaban yahay "shabakadaha isku xiran" - "shabakadaha isku xiran", habka ugu wanaagsan ee lagu hubin karo tayada sare iyo xawaaraha shaqadeeda waa isku xirnaanta hodanka ah iyo kala duwan ee shabakadaha shakhsi ahaaneed, kuwaas oo horumarintooda ay dhiirigeliso ugu horreyn tartanka.
Dulqaadka cilada leh ee isku xirka internetka gobol kasta ama waddan kasta waxay la xiriirtaa tirada dariiqyada beddelka ah ee u dhexeeya nidaamyada madaxbannaan - AS. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sida aynu marar badan ku soo sheegnay adkeysiga qaranka ee qaybaha WAN, waddooyinka qaar ayaa ka muhiimsan kuwa kale (tusaale ahaan, waddooyinka Tier-1 bixiyeyaasha gaadiidka ama ASs martigeliya server-yada DNS) - tani waxay la macno tahay in joogitaanka dariiqyo badan oo beddelka ah ee suurtogalka ah ee xariiqda hoose ay tahay kaliya hab macquul ah si loo hubiyo isku halaynta nidaamka (macnaha AS).
Markan, waxaan si dhow u eegi doonaa qalabka qaybta internetka ee Ruushka. Waxaa jira sababo isha lagu hayo qaybtan: marka loo eego xogta ay bixisay xogta diiwaan hayaha RIPE, 6183 ASs ee 88664 ka diiwaan gashan caalamka waxay ka tirsan yihiin Federaalka Ruushka, taas oo ah 6,87%.
Boqolkiiba Tani waxay ka dhigaysaa Ruushka kaalinta labaad ee adduunka ee tilmaamayaashan, isla markiiba ka dib Mareykanka (30,08% AS diiwaangashan) iyo ka hor Brazil, oo leh 6,34% dhammaan nidaamyada madaxbannaan. Saamaynta ka dhalanaysa isbeddelada ku yimi isku xidhka Ruushka, , ku xidhan ama ku dheggan isku xidhkan iyo, ugu danbayn, heerka ku dhawaad ββbixiye kasta oo internetka ah.
guudmar
Jaantuska 1. Qaybinta nidaamyada ismaamulka ee u dhexeeya wadamada IPV4 iyo IPv6, 20ka wadan ee ugu sareeya
Gudaha IPv4, ISP-yada ka socda Federaalka Ruushka waxay ku dhawaaqaan 33933 ka mid ah 774859 horgalayaasha shabakadaha la arki karo, taas oo u dhiganta 4,38% oo ka dhigaysa qaybta Internetka ee Ruushka kaalinta shanaad ee qiimayntan. Horgalayaashan, oo si gaar ah looga dhawaaqay qaybta RU, waxay daboolayaan 4,3*10^7 ciwaannada IP gaarka ah ee 2,9*10^9 lagaga dhawaaqay caalamka β 1,51%, kaalinta 11aad.
Jaantuska 2. Qaybinta horgalayaasha shabakadda ee u dhexeeya wadamada IPV4, 20ka waddan ee ugu sarreeya
Gudaha IPv6, ISP-yada ka socda Federaalka Ruushka waxay ku dhawaaqaan 1831 ka mid ah 65532 horgalayaasha caalamiga ah ee muuqda, kaas oo u taagan 2,79% iyo kaalinta 7aad. Horgalayaashani waxay daboolayaan 1.3*10^32 ciwaanno gaar ah oo IPv6 ah oo ka baxsan 1,5*10^34 oo lagu dhawaaqay caalamka oo dhan β 0,84% ββiyo kaalinta 18aad.
Jaantuska 3. Qaybinta horgalayaasha shabakadda ee u dhexeeya wadamada IPV6, 20ka waddan ee ugu sarreeya
cabbirka habaysan
Mid ka mid ah siyaabaha badan ee lagu qiimeeyo isku xirnaanta iyo isku halaynta internetka waddan gaar ah waa in nidaamyada ismaamulka ee gobol gaar ah lagu qiimeeyo tirada horgalayaasha la xayaysiiyay. Farsamadan, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay u nugul tahay kala qaybinta dariiqa, taas oo si tartiib tartiib ah loo miisaamo iyadoo lagu sifeynayo horgalayaasha si xad dhaaf ah loo kala saaray ee qalabka ISP, ugu horrayn sababtoo ah korriinka joogtada ah iyo korriinka lama huraanka ah ee miisaska dariiqa ee mashquuliya xusuusta.
20ka sare ee IPv4
20ka sare ee IPv6
ASN
Sida Magaca
Tirada horgalayaasha
ASN
Sida Magaca
Tirada horgalayaasha
2279
56
1283
51
1197
30
930
26
521
20
44050
PIN AS
366
42385
RIPN
20
197695
AS-REGRU
315
51604
EKAT-AS
19
12772
ENFORTA AS
291
51819
YAR-AS
19
41704
OGS-AS
235
50543
SARATOV-AS
18
57129
EN-SERVERSGET-KRSK
225
52207
TULA-AS
18
31133
MF-MGSM-AS
216
206066
TELEDOM-AS
18
49505
XUL
213
57026
CHEB-AS
18
12714
TI-AS
195
49037
MGL-AS
17
15774
TTK-RTL
193
41682
ERTH-TMN-AS
17
12418
QUANTUM
191
21191
ASN-SEVERTTK
16
50340
SELECTEL-MSK
188
41843
ERTH-OMSK-AS
15
28840
TATTELECOM AS
184
42682
ERTH-NNOV-AS
15
50113
SuperServersDatacenter
181
50498
LIPETSK AS
15
31163
MF-KAVKAZ-AS
176
50542
VORONEZH-AS
15
21127
ZSTTKAS
162
51645
IRKUTSK-AS
15
Shaxda 1. Cabbirka AS ee tirada horgalayaasha la xayaysiiyay
Waxaan u isticmaalnaa cabbirka wadarta guud ee booska ciwaanka la xayeysiiyay sidii mitir aad u adag marka la is barbar dhigo cabbirada nidaamyada ismaamulka, kaas oo go'aaminaya awoodiisa iyo xadka uu cabbiri karo. Halbeeggani had iyo jeer kuma habboona gudaha IPv6 iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay siyaasadaha qoondaynta ciwaanka ee hadda RIPE NCC IPv6 iyo ka-noqoshada lagu dhisay nidaamka.
Si tartiib tartiib ah, xaaladdan ayaa lagu dheelli doonaa kobaca isticmaalka IPV6 ee qaybta Ruushka ee internetka iyo horumarinta hababka la shaqeynta nidaamka IPv6.
20ka sare ee IPv4
20ka sare ee IPv6
ASN
Sida Magaca
Tirada ciwaanka IP-ga
ASN
Sida Magaca
Tirada ciwaanka IP-ga
8994816
2.76*10^30
2228864
2.06*10^30
1206272
1.43*10^30
1162752
1.35*10^30
872608
1.27*10^30
31200
naqshadeeye
566272
34241
NCT-AS
1.27*10^30
42610
NCNET AS
523264
202984
kooxda martida loo yahay
1.27*10^30
25513
ASN-MGTS-USPD
414464
12695
DINET-AS
9.51*10^29
39927
Elight AS
351744
206766
INETTECH1-AS
8.72*10^29
20485
TRANSTELECOM
350720
20485
TRANSTELECOM
7.92*10^29
8342
RTCOMM-AS
350464
12722
RECONN
7.92*10^29
28840
TATTELECOM AS
336896
47764
maruu-sida
7.92*10^29
8369
INTERSVYAZ-AS
326912
44050
PIN AS
7.13*10^29
28812
JSCBIS-AS
319488
45027
INETTECH AS
7.13*10^29
12332
PRIMORYE-AS
303104
3267
RUNNET
7.13*10^29
20632
PTERSTAR AS
284416
34580
UNITLINE_MSK_NET1
7.13*10^29
8615
CNT-AS
278528
25341
LINIYA-AS
7.13*10^29
35807
SkyNet-SPB-AS
275968
60252
OST-LLC-AS
7.13*10^29
3267
RUNNET
272640
28884
MR-SIB-MTSAS
6.73*10^29
41733
Shirkadda ZTELECOM AS
266240
42244
SERVER
6.44*10^29
Shaxda 2. Cabbirka AS ee tirada cinwaannada IP ee la xayaysiiyay
Labada halbeeg - tirada horgalayaasha la xayaysiiyay iyo cabbirka guud ee meesha ciwaanka - waa kuwo la hagaajin karo. Inkasta oo aynaan ka arkin hab-dhaqanka noocaas ah AS ee lagu xusay daraasadda.
Isku xirnaanta
Waxaa jira 3 nooc oo xiriir ah oo ka dhexeeya nidaamyada ismaamulka:
β’ Macmiil: wuxuu ku bixiyaa AS kale gaadiidka gaadiidka;
β’ Lamaanaha isku midka ah: S u beddelashada taraafikada iyada iyo macmiilka si bilaash ah;
β’ Bixiye: waxa uu AS-yada kale ka helaa khidmadaha gaadiidka.
Caadi ahaan, noocyadan cilaaqaadka ah waxay la mid yihiin labada shirkadood ee internetka, taas oo la xaqiijiyay gobolka Ruushka ee aan tixgelineyno. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa mararka qaarkood dhacda in laba ISPs ay ku leeyihiin noocyo kala duwan oo xiriir ah gobollo kala duwan, sida wax ku beddelashada bilaashka ah ee Yurub laakiin xiriir ganacsi ku leh Aasiya.
20ka sare ee IPv4
20ka sare ee IPv6
ASN
Sida Magaca
Tirada macaamiisha ee gobolka
ASN
Sida Magaca
Tirada macaamiisha ee gobolka
818
94
667
82
589
77
467
72
313
70
20764
RASCOM AS
223
9049
ERTH-transit-Sida
58
9049
ERTH-transit-Sida
220
8359
MTS
51
8732
COMCOR AS
170
29076
CITYTELECOM AS
40
2854
ROSPRINT-AS
152
31500
GLOBALNET AS
32
29076
CITYTELECOM AS
143
3267
RUNNET
26
29226
MATERTEL AS
143
25478
IHOME AS
22
28917
Fiord-AS
96
28917
Fiord-AS
21
25159
SonicDUO-AS
94
199599
CIREX
17
3267
RUNNET
93
29226
MATERTEL AS
13
31500
GLOBALNET AS
87
8732
COMCOR AS
12
13094
SFO-IX-AS
80
35000
PRETEY
12
31261
GARS-AS
80
49063
DTLN
11
25478
IHOME AS
78
42861
FOTONTELECOM
10
12695
DINET-AS
76
56534
PIRIX-INET-AS
9
8641
NAUKANET AS
73
48858
Milecom-sida
8
Shaxda 3. Isku xidhka AS ee tirada macaamiisha
Tirada macaamiisha AS ee la bixiyay waxay ka tarjumaysaa doorkeeda sida bixiyaha tooska ah ee adeegyada isku xirka internetka macaamiisha ganacsiga.
20ka sare ee IPv4
20ka sare ee IPv6
ASN
Sida Magaca
Tirada asxaabta isku faca ee gobolka
ASN
Sida Magaca
Tirada asxaabta isku faca ee gobolka
638
266
579
201
498
189
497
177
474
176
41268
LANTA-AS
432
3267
RUNNET
86
15672
TZTELECOM
430
31133
MF-MGSM-AS
78
39442
UNICO AS
424
60764
TK Telecom
74
39087
PAKT-AS
422
12389
ROSTELECOM AS
52
199805
UGO AS
418
42861
FOTONTELECOM
32
200487
FASTTVPS
417
8359
MTS
28
41691
SUMTEL-AS-Bislaaday
399
20764
RASCOM AS
26
13094
SFO-IX-AS
388
20485
TRANSTELECOM
17
60357
MEGAGROUP AS
368
28917
Fiord-AS
16
41617
SOLID-IFC
347
31500
GLOBALNET AS
14
51674
Mehanika-AS
345
60388
TRANSNEFT-TELECOM-AS
14
49675
SKBKONTUR-AS
343
42385
RIPN
13
35539
INFOLINK-T-AS
310
3216
SOVAM-AS
12
42861
FOTONTELECOM
303
49063
DTLN
12
25227
ASN-AVANTEL-MSK
301
44843
OBTEL-AS
11
Shaxda 4. Isku xidhka AS ee tirada asxaabta isku faca ah
Tiro badan oo saaxiibo ah ayaa si weyn u wanaajin kara isku xirka gobolka oo dhan. Muhiim, inkasta oo aan lagama maarmaan ahayn, Isweydaarsiga Internetka (IX - Isweydaarsiga Internetka) - ISP-yada ugu weyn kama qaybqaataan isweydaarsiga gobolka (oo leh dhowr ka reeban oo caan ah sida NIXI) sababtoo ah dabeecadda ganacsigooda.
Bixiyaha nuxurka, tirada la-hawlgalayaasha isku midka ah waxay si aan toos ahayn ugu adeegi karaan calaamad muujinaysa mugga taraafigga la soo saaray - dhiirigelinta in lagu beddelo tiro badan oo ka mid ah lacag la'aan waa arrin dhiirigelin ah (ku filan inta badan bixiyeyaasha internetka ee maxaliga ah) si ay u arkaan musharax u qalma. la-hawlgalayaasha asaaga ah ee bixiye macluumaad. Waxaa sidoo kale jira kiisas ka soo horjeeda, marka bixiyeyaasha nuxurku aysan taageerin siyaasadda tiro badan oo isku xirnaanta gobolka, taas oo ka dhigaysa tilmaan-bixiyahan mid aan sax ahayn oo lagu qiimeeyo cabbirka bixiyeyaasha content, taas oo ah, qadarka taraafikada ay soo saaraan.
20ka sare ee IPv4
20ka sare ee IPv6
ASN
Sida Magaca
Cabbirka kolaydhka macmiilka
ASN
Sida Magaca
Cabbirka kolaydhka macmiilka
3083
335
2973
219
2587
205
2463
183
2318
166
8359
MTS
2293
3216
SOVAM-AS
143
20764
RASCOM AS
2251
8359
MTS
143
9049
ERTH-transit-Sida
1407
3267
RUNNET
88
29076
CITYTELECOM AS
860
29076
CITYTELECOM AS
84
28917
Fiord-AS
683
28917
Fiord-AS
70
3267
RUNNET
664
9049
ERTH-transit-Sida
65
25478
IHOME AS
616
31500
GLOBALNET AS
54
43727
KVANT-TELECOM
476
25478
IHOME AS
33
31500
GLOBALNET AS
459
199599
CIREX
24
57724
DDOS-Ilaaliyaha
349
43727
KVANT-TELECOM
20
13094
SFO-IX-AS
294
39134
UNITEDNET
20
199599
CIREX
290
15835
MAP
15
29226
MATERTEL AS
227
29226
MATERTEL AS
14
201706
AS-SERVICEPIPE
208
35000
PRETEY
14
8641
NAUKANET AS
169
49063
DTLN
13
Shaxda 5. Isku xidhka AS ee cabbirka kootada macmiilka
Koodhka macmiilku waa dhammaan AS-yada kuwaas oo si toos ah ama si dadban ugu tiirsan nidaamka madaxbannaanida ee su'aasha ah. Marka laga eego dhinaca dhaqaalaha, AS kasta oo ku jira koontada macaamiisha waa, si toos ah ama si dadban, macaamiil lacag bixin ah. Heer sare, tirada AS-yada ee ku dhex jira koontada macaamiisha, iyo sidoo kale tirada macaamiisha tooska ah, waa tilmaame fure u ah isku xirnaanta.
Ugu dambeyntii, waxaan kuu diyaarinay miis kale oo tixgelinaya isku xirnaanta xudunta RuNet. Fahamka qaabdhismeedka xudunta u ah isku xirka gobolka, iyadoo lagu salaynayo tirada macaamiisha tooska ah iyo cabbirka koontada macmiilka ee nidaam kasta oo madaxbannaan oo gobolka ah, waxaan xisaabin karnaa inta ay ka fog yihiin bixiyayaasha Internetka ee ugu weyn gobolka. Mar kasta oo nambarku hoos u dhaco, isku xirnaanta ayaa sareeysa. "1" macnaheedu waa in dhammaan waddooyinka muuqda ay jiraan xiriir toos ah oo ku saabsan xudunta gobolka.
IPv4 ugu sarreeya 20
IPv6 ugu sarreeya 20
ASN
Sida Magaca
Qiimaynta isku xidhka
ASN
Sida Magaca
Qiimaynta isku xidhka
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.07
1.05
13238
YANDEX
1.1
8470
MAcomnet
1.17
3216
SOVAM-AS
1.11
12389
ROSTELECOM AS
1.19
48061
GPM-TECH-AS
1.11
41722
MIRAN-AS
1.2
31133
MF-MGSM-AS
1.11
8359
MTS
1.22
8359
MTS
1.12
60879
NIDAAMKA-SIDA
1.25
41268
LANTA-AS
1.13
41268
LANTA-AS
1.25
9049
ERTH-transit-Sida
1.16
44020
CLN-AS
1.25
20485
TRANSTELECOM
1.18
29226
MATERTEL AS
1.25
29076
CITYTELECOM AS
1.18
44943
RAMNET AS
1.25
12389
ROSTELECOM AS
1.23
12714
TI-AS
1.25
57629
IVI-RU
1.25
47764
maruu-sida
1.25
48297
DOORHAN
1.25
44267
IESV
1.25
42632
MNOGOBYTE-AS
1.25
203730
SVIAZINVESTREGION
1.25
44020
CLN-AS
1.25
3216
SOVAM-AS
1.25
12668
MIRALOGIC-AS
1.25
24739
SEVEN-TELECOM
1.29
Shaxda 6. Isku xidhka AS fogaanta xudunta isku xidhka gobolka
Maxaa la samayn karaa si loo hagaajiyo isku xirnaanta guud iyo, natiijada, xasiloonida, isku halaynta iyo ammaanka dal kasta, gaar ahaan Federation Ruush? Waa kuwan qaar ka mid ah tallaabooyinka:
- Canshuur dhimis iyo faa'iidooyin kale oo loogu talagalay hawl-wadeennada maxalliga ah ee goobaha sarrifka taraafigga, iyo sidoo kale helitaan bilaash ah;
- Fududeynta bilaashka ah ama raqiis ah ee dhulka ee dhigista khadadka isgaarsiinta fiber optic;
- Qabashada tababarada iyo fadhiyada tababarka shaqaalaha farsamada ee gobollada fogfog, oo ay ku jiraan aqoon-is-weydaarsiyo iyo qaabab kale oo lagu baro hababka ugu wanaagsan ee BGP. RIPE NCC ayaa abaabusha qaar ka mid ah, .
Xogta kor lagu soo bandhigay waa qayb ka mid ah daraasad uu sameeyay Qrator Labs oo ku saabsan qaybta labaad ee internetka ee gobolka labaad ee Ruushka ee Ruushka (sidoo kale loo yaqaan "Runet") oo ku salaysan xogta furan ee la ururiyey laguna farsameeyay gudaha mashruuca. . Soo bandhigida daraasadda oo dhan waxa lagu caddeeyey aqoon-is-weydaarsi (workshop) gudaha ah bisha Luulyo. Codsiga xogta la midka ah ee qaybaha wadamada kale iyo gobollada waxaa lagu soo diri karaa e-mailka .
Source: www.habr.com