Waxaan sii wadeynaa inaan ka hadalno qalabka lagu qiimeeyo waxqabadka CPU ee mashiinnada Linux. Maanta agabka: temci, uarch-bench, likwid, perf-tools iyo lvm-mca.
Tilmaamo badan:
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Tani waa qalab lagu qiyaaso wakhtiga fulinta ee laba barnaamij. Asal ahaan, waxay kuu ogolaaneysaa inaad isbarbar dhigto waqtiga fulinta ee laba codsi. Qoraaga utility wuxuu ahaa arday ka yimid Jarmalka, Johannes Bechberger, kaas oo u soo saaray qayb ka mid ah qoraalkiisa shahaadada koowaad ee 2016. Qalabka maanta shatiga ku haysta shatiga guud ee GNU.
Johannes wuxuu rabay inuu abuuro qalab u oggolaanaya inuu cabbiro waxqabadka nidaamka xisaabinta ee deegaanka la xakameeyey. Sidaa darteed, mid ka mid ah sifooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee temci waa awoodda lagu dejiyo jawi tijaabo ah. Tusaale ahaan, Beddel goobaha maamulaha inta jeer ee CPU, dami iyo kaydka L1 iyo L2, ka dami habka turbo ee soo-saareyaasha Intel, iwm , ΠΈ .
Tani waa waxa utility-gu u eg yahay kiiska koowaad:
# compare the run times of two programs, running them each 20 times
> temci short exec "sleep 0.1" "sleep 0.2" --runs 20
Benchmark 20 times [####################################] 100%
Report for single runs
sleep 0.1 ( 20 single benchmarks)
avg_mem_usage mean = 0.000, deviation = 0.0
avg_res_set mean = 0.000, deviation = 0.0
etime mean = 100.00000m, deviation = 0.00000%
max_res_set mean = 2.1800k, deviation = 3.86455%
stime mean = 0.000, deviation = 0.0
utime mean = 0.000, deviation = 0.0
sleep 0.2 ( 20 single benchmarks)
avg_mem_usage mean = 0.000, deviation = 0.0
avg_res_set mean = 0.000, deviation = 0.0
etime mean = 200.00000m, deviation = 0.00000%
max_res_set mean = 2.1968k, deviation = 3.82530%
stime mean = 0.000, deviation = 0.0
utime mean = 0.000, deviation = 0.0
Iyada oo ku saleysan natiijooyinka bar-tilmaameedka, nidaamku wuxuu abuuraa oo leh jaantusyo, jaantusyo iyo garaafyo, kuwaas oo temci ka sooca xalalka la midka ah.
Waxaa ka mid ah cilladaha temci, "dhallinyaradeedii" ayaa soo baxaysa. Sababtaas awgeed ayuu habaynta hardware iyo software. Tusaale ahaan, way adagtahay in lagu shaqeeyo macOS, qaababka qaarkoodna lagama heli karo nidaamka ku salaysan ARM. Mustaqbalka, xaaladdu way isbedeli kartaa, maadaama qoraagu si firfircoon u horumarinayo mashruuca, iyo tirada xiddigaha GitHub ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah u kordhaya - ma ahan waqti dheer ka hor temci xitaa on Hacker News.
Utility loogu talagalay qiimeynta waxqabadka heerarka hoose ee hawlaha CPU, oo uu sameeyay injineer Travis Downs (). Beryahan dambe waxa uu wax ku qori jiray Bogagga GitHub, oo ka hadlaya aaladaha cabbiraadda iyo waxyaabaha kale ee la xiriira. Guud ahaan, kursiga kaydka ayaa hadda bilaabay inuu helo caan, laakiin mar hore waa wax caadi ah deganayaasha Hacker News ee mawduucyada mawduucyada si ay u noqdaan qalab loogu talagalay bartilmaameedka.
Uarch-bench wuxuu kuu ogolaanayaa inaad qiimeyso waxqabadka xusuusta, xawaaraha isku midka ah ee xogta iyo shaqada nadiifinta . Sida ay u egyihiin natiijooyinka bar-tilmaameedka uu keenay barnaamijku waa la heli karaa xagga hoose ee bogga.
Waxaa xusid mudan in kursiga uarch, sida temci, Shaqada Kobcinta Intel Turbo (waxay si toos ah u kordhisaa xawaaraha saacada processor-ka ee culeyska saaran) si natiijooyinka imtixaanku u noqdaan kuwo joogto ah.
Hadda, mashruucu wuxuu ku jiraa marxaladaha hore ee horumarinta, sidaas darteed uarch-bench ma laha dukumeenti faahfaahsan, hawlgalkeeduna waxaa ku jiri kara cayayaanka - tusaale ahaan, iyadoo la bilaabay Ryzen. Sidoo kale, kaliya halbeegyada naqshadaha x86 ayaa la taageeray. Qoraagu waxa uu ballan qaaday in uu mustaqbalka ku dari doono hawl-qabad dheeraad ah waxana uu kugu martiqaadayaa in aad ku soo biirto horumarka.
Kani waa qalabyo kala duwan oo lagu qiimaynayo waxqabadka mashiinada Linux ee leh Intel, AMD iyo ARMv8. Waxaa la abuuray iyada oo ay hoos imanayso Wasaaradda Waxbarashada iyo Cilmi-baarista Federaalka Jarmalka 2017 waxaana lagu sii daayay il furan.
Qalabka likwid, waxaan muujin karnaa likwid-powermeter, kaas oo soo bandhigaya macluumaadka diiwaanka RAPL ee ku saabsan awoodda uu isticmaalo nidaamka, iyo sidoo kale likwid-setFrequencies, kaas oo kuu ogolaanaya inaad xakameyso inta jeer ee processor-ka. Waxaad arki kartaa liiska oo dhan .
Qalabka waxaa isticmaala injineerada ku lug leh cilmi-baarista HPC. Tusaale ahaan, leh likwid koox khabiiro ah oo ka socda Xarunta Xisaabinta Gobolka ee Jaamacadda Erlangen-Nuremberg (RRZE) ee Jarmalka. Waxay sidoo kale qayb firfircoon ka qaadataa horumarinta qalabkan.
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Qalabkan loogu talagalay falanqaynta waxqabadka server-yada Linux Brendan Gregg. Isagu waa mid ka mid ah horumarinta - qaab fir fircoon oo raadraac ah oo loogu talagalay cilladaha codsiyada wakhtiga dhabta ah.
perf-tools waxay ku salaysan yihiin dhacdooyinka perf_events iyo ftrace kernel subsystems. Adeegyadoodu waxay kuu oggolaanayaan inaad falanqeyso daahitaanka I/O (iosnoop), la socoshada doodaha wacitaanka nidaamka (unccount, funcslower, funcgraph and functrace) oo aad ururiso tirakoobyada "hits" ee kaydka faylka (cachestat). Xaaladda dambe, amarku wuxuu u eg yahay sidan:
# ./cachestat -t
Counting cache functions... Output every 1 seconds.
TIME HITS MISSES DIRTIES RATIO BUFFERS_MB CACHE_MB
08:28:57 415 0 0 100.0% 1 191
08:28:58 411 0 0 100.0% 1 191
08:28:59 362 97 0 78.9% 0 8
08:29:00 411 0 0 100.0% 0 9
Bulsho aad u weyn ayaa ku wareegsan qalabka (). Oo waxaa jira shirkado si firfircoon u isticmaala perf-tools, tusaale ahaan . Laakin aaladda waa la sii horumarinayaa oo wax laga beddelayaa (in kasta oo cusboonaysiinta la sii daayay marar dhif ah waayadan). Sidaa darteed, khaladaad ayaa laga yaabaa inay ku dhacaan hawlgalkeeda - qoraaga ayaa qoray in mararka qaarkood qalabka perf-tools ay keenaan argagax kernel.
Utility oo saadaaliya inta koodhka mashiinka agabka xisaabinta ayaa uga baahan doona CPU-yada kala duwan. iyada Tilmaamaha meerto kasta () iyo culayska saaran qalabka uu codsi gaar ahi soo saaro.
lvm-mca waxaa la soo bandhigay 2018 iyada oo qayb ka ah mashruuca , kaas oo horumarinaya nidaam caalami ah oo loogu talagalay falanqaynta, isbeddelka iyo tayaynta barnaamijyada. Waxaa la og yahay in qorayaasha llvm-mca ay dhiiri galiyeen xal lagu falanqeynayo waxqabadka software waxayna damceen inay abuuraan badal kale. Iyo marka loo eego isticmaalayaasha, wax soo saarka aaladda (qaabkooda iyo tiradooda) runtii waxay u egtahay IACA - tusaale . Si kastaba ha ahaatee, llvm-mca kaliya wuu aqbalayaa , markaa waxay u badan tahay inaad isticmaasho beddelayaasha si aad ula shaqeyso.
Waxa aan ku qorno baloogyadayada iyo shabakadaha bulshada:
Anagoo ah 1cloud.ru waxaan bixinaa adeeg bilaasha" Waxaad ku maamuli kartaa diiwaanka DNS hal akoon oo shaqsi ah.
Source: www.habr.com