Waxaan ka hadli doonaa habka loo abaabulo deegaan horumarineed oo go'doonsan goobta shaqadayda. Habka waxaa lagu horumariyay iyadoo la raacayo saamaynta arrimahan soo socda:

• Luqadaha kala duwani waxay u baahan yihiin IDE-yo kala duwan iyo qalabyo kala duwan;
• Mashruucyo kala duwan ayaa laga yaabaa inay isticmaalaan noocyada kala duwan ee silsiladaha qalabka iyo maktabadaha.

Habka ayaa ah in lagu horumariyo gudaha weelasha LXD ee ku shaqeeya gudaha laptop-ka ama goobta shaqada oo leh wax soo saarka garaafyada oo loo weeciyo martida loo yahay.

Tusaale qaabeynta Ubuntu 20.04.

Milicsiga fursadaha iyo sababaha ayaa lagu bixiyaa dhamaadka maqaalka.

1. rakibida LXD

В Ubuntu 20.04 LXD hadda diyaar uma aha in lagu rakibo sidii xirmo deb ah, kaliya iyada oo loo marayo snap:

$ snap install lxd

Ka dib markii la rakibo waxaad u baahan tahay inaad sameyso bilowga:

$ lxd init

Halbeegga kaliya ee aan beddelo waa storage bakend - Waxaan isticmaalaa dir sida ugu fudud. Maadaama aanan isticmaalin sawirro iyo nuqullo, digniinaha ayaa soo galaya dukumentiyo Ima baqaan:

Sidoo kale, dhabarka hagaha waa in loo tixgaliyaa sidii ikhtiyaarka ugu dambeeya.
Waxay taageertaa dhammaan sifooyinka muhiimka ah ee LXD, laakiin aad bay u gaabis tahay oo aan waxtar u lahayn maadaama aysan qaban karin
nuqullo deg-deg ah ama sawir-qaadasho oo markaa waxay u baahan tahay in la koobiyo dhammaan kaydinta tusaalaha mar kasta.

2. Habaynta profile LXD

Profiles gudaha LXD - kuwani waa jaangooyooyin lagu dabaqay dhowr weel. Baahiyahayga, profile kaliya ee lagu abuuray default ayaa igu filan default oo leh isbeddellada soo socda:

• $ lxc profile device add default X0 disk source=/tmp/.X11-unix/X0 path=/tmp/.X11-unix/X0 - si codsiyada weelasha ku jira ay ula falgalaan server-ka X11;
• $ lxc profile set default environment.DISPLAY :0 - si doorsoomayaasha deegaanka DISPLAY si sax ah ayaa loogu rakibay weelasha;
• $ lxc profile set default raw.idmap "both 1000 1000" - sax ah khariidaynta aqoonsiga.

3. Samaynta iyo dejinta weel

Abuuritaanka weel ku salaysan sawir images:ubuntu/20.04:

$ lxc launch images:ubuntu/20.04 dev1

Waxaan doorbidayaa sawirada kaydka https://images.linuxcontainers.org, maadaama ay haystaan ​​software hore loo rakibay oo yar. Sababtaas awgeed waxaan ku daray horgalayaasha images: magaca sawirka. Abuuritaanka weel ku salaysan sawirka kaydka Ubuntu waxaa loo samayn karaa sida soo socota: $ lxc launch ubuntu/20.04 dev1.

Helitaanka qolofka xididka weelka:

$ lxc exec dev1 -- bash

Waxaan rakibi doonaa Firefox iyo VS Code (laga bilaabo kaydka sida ku cad tilmaamaha):

$ apt update
$ apt install curl gpg firefox

$ curl https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | gpg --dearmor > packages.microsoft.gpg
$ install -o root -g root -m 644 packages.microsoft.gpg /usr/share/keyrings/
$ echo "deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/packages.microsoft.gpg] https://packages.microsoft.com/repos/vscode stable main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/vscode.list

$ apt update
$ apt install code

Waxaan ku dari doonaa weel si loo caddeeyo.

poweroff

Gunno! Way fududahay in GPU-ga lagu dhex tuuro weel si codsiyada ku dhex jira ay u isticmaalaan kaadhka garaafyada. Si aad tan u samayso waxaad u baahan tahay:

• ku dar qalab $ lxc config device add dev1 mygpu gpu;
• ku rakib darawalada kaadhka fiidiyowga weelka - isla kuwa lagu rakibay martida loo yahay.

4. Isticmaalka weel

Haddii weelku aanu wali shaqayn, waxaad u baahan tahay inaad bilowdo:

lxc start dev1

Ku shaqaynta VS Code sida isticmaale aan xidid ahayn ubuntu:

lxc exec dev1 -- sudo --login --user ubuntu code

Fur Firefox:

lxc exec dev1 -- sudo --login --user ubuntu firefox

Daaqadaha codsiga ayaa lagu soo bandhigi doonaa martida loo yahay, laakiin waxaa lagu fulin doonaa gudaha weelka - oo la mid ah gudbinta sawirada iyadoo la adeegsanayo ssh.

Gacanta uma xidho weelasha socda, sababtoo ah ma arko wax badan oo ku jira - waxaan naftayda ku xaddidaa xidhitaanka daaqadaha codsiyada socodsiinta.

5. Gunaanad

Waxaan doorbidayaa inaanan u isticmaalin OS-ga martida loo yahay horumarinta, maadaama tani ay u baahan tahay rakibidda agabka horumarinta, noocyada khaladka ee maktabadaha, u habaynta qaybaha nidaamka hab gaar ah, iyo wax-is-daba marin kale. Waxaas oo dhami waxay u horseedi karaan dabeecad lama filaan ah oo ku jirta software kale oo aan horumarin, ama xitaa OS oo dhan. Tusaale ahaan, isbeddelada qaabeynta OpenSSL waxay sababi kartaa in OS-gu si sax ah u bilaabo.

Waxaan isku dayay qalab kala duwan si aan u go'doomiyo deegaanka horumarka:

• mashiinada farsamada (KVM, VirtualBox, iwm.) ayaa ah ikhtiyaarka ugu cad, laakiin waxay cunaan kheyraad aad u badan, inkastoo aysan jirin doorashooyin kale oo loogu talagalay horumarinta Windows (haddii martida loo yahay Linux);
• Qalabka horumarinta daruuriga ah ee ku shaqeeya mashiinka maxaliga ah (Cloud9 ee weel ama mashiinka farsamada, Eclipse Che, iwm.) - looma soo saarin qaabkan hawlgalka, waxay u baahan yihiin qaabeyn iyo dayactir dheeraad ah, waxaa ugu wanaagsan in loo isticmaalo loogu talagalay loogu talagalay. Ujeedada - daruuraha;
• Weelasha Docker-ka waxaa mar kale loogu talagalay shay kale; Fikradayda, kuma habboona in si dhakhso ah loo daabaco iyada oo la adeegsanayo software aan weli ku xirmin weel kala duwan.

Habka la doortay ayaa igu soo jiidanaya fududaantiisa iyo xannibaadda hoose ee gelitaanka. Weelasha laftooda, waxaad isticmaali kartaa habab mashruuc gaar ah: ku rakib oo wax walba gacanta ku deji, ama isticmaal otomaatig ah (Puppet, macquul, iwm.), xitaa geyn Kaabayaasha Docker-ku-saleysan. Waxa kale oo aan isticmaalaa weelasha LXD si aan u socodsiiyo software gaar ah oo u baahan in lagu rakibo tiro badan oo ku tiirsanaanta ama nooc ka duwan OS - kiiskan waxaad abuuri kartaa weel leh nooca OS ee la rabo, tusaale ahaan. $ lxc launch images:ubuntu/16.04 dev16.

Waxaa muhiim ah in la xasuusto in marka la eego go'doominta, weelku uu leeyahay dusha sare ee weerarka marka loo eego qaab-dhismeedkiisa - martigeliyaha iyo weelka waxay wadaagaan hal xudun, nuglaanta taas oo u oggolaan karta in malware uu ka baxsado weelka. Markaad tijaabinayso software shaki leh, waxa fiican inaad isticmaasho habab go'doomin oo ku habboon.

Xiriiro faa'iido leh

• Maqaal karti leh oo ku saabsan Habré Astaamaha aasaasiga ah ee LXD - nidaamyada weelka Linux
• Xariirka mashruuca LXD, waa muhiim in aan lagu qaldin LXD iyo LXC - way kala duwan yihiin, laakiin waxyaabo isku xiran.
• Blog Simos Xenitellis -Bloogan waxa uu hayaa macluumaad badan oo faa'iido leh oo ku saabsan LXD.
• Sawirada diyaarsan ee Windows 10 mashiinada farsamada ee horumariyeyaasha - Microsoft waxay ururisaa dhismooyin cusub oo ay ku qaybisaa xilliyo kala duwan iyada oo haysata shati gaar ah.

Source: www.habr.com