Cusboonaysiinta wakhtiga waxay saamaysaa waxqabadka nidaamka Waxa halkaas ka dhacaya iyo waxa laga yeelayo - akhri maqaalka.
Mar kasta oo aan Linux ku cusbooneysiiyo kombuyutarka gurigayga, waa inaan xalliyaa dhibaatooyinka qaarkood. Sanado badan, tani waxay noqotay caado: Waxaan dib u soo celiyaa faylalkayga, tirtiraa nidaamka, ku rakibaa wax kasta oo xoqan, dib u soo celinta faylalkayga, ka dibna dib u rakibida codsiyada aan jeclahay. Waxa kale oo aan beddelaa nidaamka habaynta si aan naftayda ugu habboonaado. Mararka qaarkood waxay qaadataa waqti aad u badan. Oo dhawaan waxaan la yaabay in aan u baahanahay madax xanuunkan.
atime waa mid ka mid ah saddexda jeer ee faylalka Linux (wax badan oo tan dambe ah). Gaar ahaan, waxaan la yaabanahay haddii ay wali fikrad fiican tahay in la joojiyo atime nidaamyada Linux ee dhawaanahan dambe. Maaddaama atime la cusboonaysiiyo mar kasta oo faylka la galo, waxaan xaqiiqsaday inay saameyn weyn ku leedahay waxqabadka nidaamka.
Waxaan dhawaan u cusboonaysiiyay Fedora 32 oo, caado ahaan, waxaan bilaabay curyaaminta atime. Waxaan is idhi: runtii ma u baahanahay? Waxaan go'aansaday in aan arrintan daraaseeyo waana tan aan qoday.
Wax yar oo ku saabsan waqtiyada faylka
Si aad u ogaato, waxaad u baahan tahay inaad dib u qaaddo oo aad xasuusato waxyaabo yar oo ku saabsan nidaamyada faylka Linux iyo sida kernel-ku u sameeyo faylasha iyo hagayaasha. Waxaad arki kartaa taariikhda wax ka beddelka ee ugu dambeysay ee faylasha iyo hagaha adiga oo socodsiinaya amarka ls -l (dheer) ama si fudud adoo eegaya macluumaadka ku saabsan maamulaha faylka. Laakin muuqaalada gadaashiisa, kernel-ka Linux waxa uu dhowr jeer la socdaa dhowr jeer oo faylasha iyo hagayaasha:
- Goorma ayaa faylka wax laga beddelay (mtime)
- Goorma ayay ahayd markii ugu dambaysay ee la beddelo hantida faylka iyo xogta badan (wakhti)
- Goorma ayaa faylka ugu dambeeyay la helay (waqti)
- Waxaad isticmaali kartaa amarka statsi aad u aragto macluumaadka ku saabsan faylka ama hagaha. Waa kan faylka / etc / fstab Mid ka mid ah adeegayaashayda tijaabada:
$ stat fstab
File: fstab
Size: 261 Blocks: 8 IO Block: 4096 regular file
Device: b303h/45827d Inode: 2097285 Links: 1
Access: (0664/-rw-rw-r--) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ root)
Context: system_u:object_r:etc_t:s0
Access: 2019-04-25 21:10:18.083325111 -0500
Modify: 2019-05-16 10:46:47.427686706 -0500
Change: 2019-05-16 10:46:47.434686674 -0500
Birth: 2019-04-25 21:03:11.840496275 -0500Halkan waxaad ku arki kartaa in faylkan la sameeyay Abriil 25, 2019 markii aan rakibay nidaamka. Faylkaygii / etc / fstab markii ugu dambeysay ee wax laga beddelay Maajo 16, 2019, iyo dhammaan sifooyinka kale waa la beddelay isla waqti isku mid ah.
Haddaan koobiyo / etc / fstab Fayl cusub, taariikhuhu way beddelaan si ay u muujiyaan inuu yahay fayl cusub:
$ sudo cp fstab fstab.bak
$ stat fstab.bak
File: fstab.bak
Size: 261 Blocks: 8 IO Block: 4096 regular file
Device: b303h/45827d Inode: 2105664 Links: 1
Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ root)
Context: unconfined_u:object_r:etc_t:s0
Access: 2020-05-12 17:53:58.442659986 -0500
Modify: 2020-05-12 17:53:58.443659981 -0500
Change: 2020-05-12 17:53:58.443659981 -0500
Birth: 2020-05-12 17:53:58.442659986 -0500Laakiin haddii aan dib u magacaabo faylka aniga oo aan beddelin waxa ku jira, Linux waxa ay cusboonaysiin doontaa oo keliya wakhtiga faylka wax laga beddelay:
$ sudo mv fstab.bak fstab.tmp
$ stat fstab.tmp
File: fstab.tmp
Size: 261 Blocks: 8 IO Block: 4096 regular file
Device: b303h/45827d Inode: 2105664 Links: 1
Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ root)
Context: unconfined_u:object_r:etc_t:s0
Access: 2020-05-12 17:53:58.442659986 -0500
Modify: 2020-05-12 17:53:58.443659981 -0500
Change: 2020-05-12 17:54:24.576508232 -0500
Birth: 2020-05-12 17:53:58.442659986 -0500Calaamadaha waqtiyadani aad bay faa'iido ugu leeyihiin barnaamijyada Unix qaarkood. Tusaale ahaan, biff waa barnaamij ku ogeysiiya marka ay jirto fariin cusub oo ku jirta emailkaaga. Hadda dad yar ayaa isticmaala , laakiin waagii sanduuqyada boostada ay ahaan jireen nidaamka deegaanka, biff aad ayay u badnayd.
Sidee barnaamijku ku ogaanayaa in aad ku jirto boostada cusub ee sanduuqaaga? biff wuxuu isbarbar dhigayaa waqtigii ugu dambeeyay ee wax laga beddelay (marka feylka sanduuqa lagu cusboonaysiiyay farriin iimayl cusub) iyo wakhtiga gelitaanka ugu dambeeya (markii ugu dambeysay ee aad akhrido iimaylkaaga). Haddii isbeddelku dhacay ka dib gelitaanka, markaas biff waxay fahmi doontaa in warqad cusub timid oo ay ku ogeysiin doonto. Macmiilka emailka Mutt wuxuu u shaqeeyaa si la mid ah.
Shaabada wakhtiga ugu dambeeya ee gelitaanka sidoo kale waa mid faa'iido leh haddii aad u baahan tahay inaad ururiso tirooyinka isticmaalka nidaamka faylka iyo habaynta waxqabadka. Maamulayaasha nidaamku waxay u baahan yihiin inay ogaadaan walxaha la gelayo si ay u habeeyaan nidaamka faylka si waafaqsan.
Laakiin badi barnaamijyada casriga ahi uma baahna summadan, markaa waxaa jiray soo jeedin ah inaan la isticmaalin. Sannadkii 2007, Linus Torvalds iyo dhowr horumariye oo kernel ah ayaa ka wada hadlay atime marka la eego macnaha dhibaatada waxqabadka. Soosaaraha kernel Linux Ingo Molnar wuxuu sameeyay qodobka soo socda ee ku saabsan atime iyo nidaamka faylka ext3:
"Waa wax la yaab leh in desktop kasta iyo server kasta oo Linux ah ay la kulmaan hoos u dhac ku yimaada waxqabadka I / O sababtoo ah cusboonaysiinta joogtada ah, in kasta oo ay jiraan laba isticmaale oo dhab ah: tmpwatch [kaas oo loo habeyn karo inuu isticmaalo ctime, markaa maahan dhibaato weyn] iyo qaar ka mid ah qalabka kaydinta."
Laakiin dadku wali waxay isticmaalaan barnaamijyada qaar u baahan summadan. Markaa ka saarida atime waxay jebin doontaa shaqadooda. Soosaarayaasha kernel Linux waa inaysan ku xadgudbin xorriyadda isticmaaleyaasha.
xal Sulaymaan
Waxaa jira codsiyo badan oo ku jira qaybinta Linux iyo marka lagu daro, isticmaalayaashu waxay soo dejisan karaan oo rakibi karaan barnaamijyo kale sida ay baahidooda u qabaan. Tani waa faa'iidada muhiimka ah ee isha furan ee OS. Laakiin tani waxay adkeynaysaa in la hagaajiyo waxqabadka nidaamka faylkaaga. Ka saarida qaybaha khayraadka-dhaqdhaqaaqa leh ayaa laga yaabaa inay carqaladeeyaan nidaamka.
Tanaasul ahaan, soosaarayaasha kernel-ka Linux waxay soo bandhigeen ikhtiyaar cusub oo dib-u-celin ah kaas oo loogu talagalay in lagu muujiyo dheelitirka u dhexeeya waxqabadka iyo waafaqid:
atime waa la cusboonaysiiyay kaliya haddii wakhtiga gelitaanka hore uu ka yar yahay wax ka beddelka hadda ama heerka isbeddelka wakhtiga 2.6.30, wakhtiga gelitaanka ugu dambeeya ee faylka had iyo jeer waa la cusboonaysiiyaa haddii uu ka badan yahay 2.6.30 maalin.
Nidaamyada casriga ah ee Linux (tan iyo Linux 2.6.30, oo la sii daayay 2009) waxay horeyba u isticmaaleen waqti-relaytime, taas oo siinaysa kor u qaadida waxqabadka weyn. Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay inaadan u baahnayn inaad habayso faylka / etc / fstab, iyo dib-u-celinta waxaad ku kalsoonaan kartaa sida caadiga ah.
Hagaajinta waxqabadka nidaamka oo leh noatime
Laakin haddii aad rabto in aad habayso nidaamkaaga si aad u hesho waxqabadka ugu sarreeya, curyaaminta atime wali waa suurtogal.
Isbeddelka wax qabadku waxa laga yaabaa in aanu aad looga dareemin wadiiqooyinka casriga ah ee aadka u dheereeya (sida NVME ama Fast SSD), laakiin waxa jira koror yar oo halkaas ka jira.
Haddii aad ogtahay inaadan isticmaalin software u baahan atime, waxaad wax yar hagaajin kartaa waxqabadka adiga oo awood u siinaya ikhtiyaarka noatime ee faylka /etc/fstab. Taas ka dib, kernel-ku si joogto ah uma cusboonaysiin doono atime. Isticmaal ikhtiyaarka noatime marka aad ku shubayso nidaamka faylka:
/dev/mapper/fedora_localhost--live-root / ext4 defaults,noatime,x-systemd.device-timeout=0 1 1
UUID=be37c451-915e-4355-95c4-654729cf662a /boot ext4 defaults,noatime 1 2
UUID=C594-12B1 /boot/efi vfat umask=0077,shortname=winnt 0 2
/dev/mapper/fedora_localhost--live-home /home ext4 defaults,noatime,x-systemd.device-timeout=0 1 2
/dev/mapper/fedora_localhost--live-swap none swap defaults,x-systemd.device-timeout=0 0 0Isbadalada ayaa dhaqan gali doona marka xigta ee aad dib u kiciso.
Iidheh ahaan
Ma u baahan tahay server si aad u martigeliso mareegahaaga? Shirkadeena waxay bixisaa Lacag-bixin maalinle ah ama hal mar ah, server kastaa waxa uu ku xidhan yahay kanaalka Internetka ee 500 megabits waxana laga ilaaliyaa weerarada DDoS bilaasha ah!
Source: www.habr.com