25-kii Maarso ayaanu furnay diiwaangelinta , tani waa ciyaar loogu talagalay dadka jecel iyo khabiirada nidaamka hawlgalka Linux. Tirakoobyada qaarkood: 1117 qof ayaa loo diiwaan geliyay ciyaarta, 317 ka mid ah ayaa helay ugu yaraan hal fure, 241 ayaa si guul leh u dhammaystiray hawshii marxaladda koowaad, 123 - kii labaad iyo 70 ayaa ka gudbay marxaladda saddexaad. Maanta ciyaarteenii way soo idlaatay, waxaana u hambalyeyneynaa guuleystayaashayada!
- Alexander Teldekov ayaa galay kaalinta koowaad.
Alexander ayaa naftiisa u sheegay in uu yahay maamulaha nidaamka ugu caadiga ah. Waxay ku nooshahay Volgograd, waxay maamulaysay nidaamyo kala duwan oo Unix u eg ilaa labaatan sano. Waxaan ku guuleystey inaan ka shaqeeyo bixiyeyaasha internetka, bangiga, iyo nidaamka isku-dhafka. Hadda wuxuu ka shaqeeyaa meel fog shirkad yar, isaga oo ka shaqeeya kaabayaasha daruuriga ah ee macaamiisha ajnabiga ah. Wuxuu jecel yahay akhrinta iyo dhageysiga muusigga. Ku saabsan ciyaarta, Alexander wuxuu sheegay in uu jecel yahay ciyaarta guud ahaan, wuxuu jecel yahay hawlahan oo kale. Intii lagu guda jiray wareysi laga qaaday mid ka mid ah shirkadaha waxaan sameeyay wax la mid ah Hackerrank, waxay ahayd mid xiiso leh. - Meesha labaad - Roman Suslov.
Riwaayad ka timid Moscow. Waa 37 jir. Wuxuu u shaqeeyaa sidii Linux/ingineer Unix ee Jet Infosystems. Shaqada, waa inaan maamulaa oo aan xalliyaa nidaamyada Linux/Unix + SAN. Xiisuhu waa kala duwan yihiin: Nidaamyada Linux, barnaamijyada, injineernimada, amniga macluumaadka, Arduino. Ku saabsan Ciyaarta Roman wuxuu xusay inuu jecel yahay ciyaarta guud ahaan. "Maskaxdayda in yar ayaan kala bixiyey oo waxaan ka nastay nolol maalmeedkii cawlan ee shaqada maalinlaha ah. π Waxaan jeclaan lahaa inaan haysto hawlo badan, haddii kale ka hor intaanan helin wakhti aan ku dhadhamiyo, ciyaarta mar horeba way dhammaatay." - Saddexaad - alex3d.
Alex wuxuu ku nool yahay Moscow wuxuuna ka shaqeeyaa horumarinta software. "Waad ku mahadsan tahay tartanka, waxay ahayd mid xiiso leh inaan tijaabiyo xirfadahayga google-fu."
Sidoo kale qiimaynta 10 ka ciyaartoy ee ugu fiican:
- Yevgeniy Saldayev
- Markel Mokhnachevsky
- Konstantin Konosov
- Pavel Sergeev
- Vladimir Bovaev
- Ivan Bubnov
- Pavlo Klets
Waxaan fahamsanahay inay jiraan doorashooyin badan oo lagu xallinayo dhammaan dhibaatooyinkayaga; qaar ka mid ah xalalka suurtagalka ah ayaa lagu qeexay hoos.
1. Marxaladda koowaad
Waxaan ugu yeernay "Runtii ma waxaad tahay maamule?", maadaama hawshu aad u fududayd - in la hagaajiyo adeegga laambada diiran.
1.1. Xaqiiqooyin Xiiso Leh:
Labo ciyaaryahan ayaa furihii ugu horeeyay helay 15-kii daqiiqo ee ciyaarta ugu horeysay, waxaana saacada ugu horeysay nala soo qaatay seddex hogaamiye oo howsha soo dhameystay.
1.2. Jimicsi samee
Waxaad u tagtay inaad ka shaqeyso shirkad halkaas oo muddo dheer aysan jirin khabiir ku takhasusay tignoolajiyada macluumaadka. Kahor intaadan bilaabin inaad wax hagaajiso, waxaad u baahan tahay inaad xalliso dhibaatada gubanaya ee xannibaysa shaqada xafiiska.
Islaantii nadiifinta ahayd waxay qabatay fiilada korantada ee golaha serverka iyadoo xaaqin wadata. Awooddii waa la soo celiyay, laakiin degel aad muhiim u ah weli ma shaqaynayo. Websaydhku waa muhiim sababtoo ah shirkadu aad ugama werwerto amniga macluumaadka, bogga ugu muhiimsan ee kan waxaad ka heli kartaa qoraal cad oo ku qoran lambarka sirta ah ee kombuyuutarka CEO.
Maalin dhawayd furaha sirta ah ayaa la bedelay, laakiin qof kastaa wuu ilaaway kan cusub, agaasimuhu ma shaqayn karo. Waxaa jira warar xan ah oo sheegaya in ay jiraan furayaal badan oo mashiinkan ah oo naga caawin kara in aan qeexno nuqulka nuqulka ah ee dukumentiyada xisaabinta.
Qof kastaa wuxuu filayaa in arrinta si degdeg ah loo xalliyo!
1.3. Xalka
1. Ugu horreyntii, waxaad u baahan tahay inaad bedesho lambarka sirta ah ee mashiinka farsamada si aad u hesho. Marka la bilaabayo, waxaan ogaanay in kani yahay Ubuntu 16.04 Server.
Si aad dib ugu dejiso erayga sirta ah ee xididka, waxaanu dib u bilaabaynaa mishiinka, marka la soo shubayo, wakhtigan xaadirka ah ee liiska grub la soo bandhigay, tag si aad u saxdo shayga Ubuntu oo leh badhanka "e". Tafatir khadka linux, ku dar dhamaadka init=/bin/bash. Waxaan ku shubnaa Ctrl+x, waxaan helnaa bash. Ku celi xididka rw, beddel erayga sirta ah:
$ mount -o remount,rw /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root
$ passwdHa iloobin wax ku saabsan sync, reboot.
2. Xaaladdu waxay sheegaysaa in server-kayaga aanu shaqaynayn, eeg:
$ curl localhost
Not Found
The requested URL / was not found on this server.
Apache/2.4.18 Taasi waa, dhab ahaantii, Apache wuu socdaa, laakiin wuxuu ku jawaabayaa code 404. Aan eegno qaabka:
$ vim /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default.confWaxa kale oo jira fure halkan - StevenPaulSteveJobs.
Hubinta wadada /usr/share/WordPress - Ma jiraan wax caynkaas ah, laakiin waxaa jira /usr/share/wordpress. Tafatir habka oo dib u bilow Apache.
$ systemctl restart apache23. Isku day mar kale, waxaan helnaa qaladka:
Warning: mysqli_real_connect(): (HY000/2002): Connection refused in /usr/share/wordpress/wp-includes/wp-db.php on line 1488Xogta kaydku ma soconayso?
$ systemctl status mysql
Active: active (running)
Maxaa jira? Waxaan u baahanahay inaan ogaano. Si tan loo sameeyo, waxaad u baahan tahay inaad gasho MySQL, sida lagu qeexay . Mid ka mid ah qodobbada dukumeentigu waxay ku talinayaan inaan diiwaangelinno ikhtiyaarka skip-grant-tables Π² /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf. Waxa kale oo jira fure halkan - AugustaAdaKingByron.
Saxida xuquuqda isticmaalaha 'wp'@'localhost'. Waxaan bilownay MySQL, waxaan ka dhignaa mid laga heli karo shabakada, annagoo faallo ka bixinayna ikhtiyaarka qaabeynta skip-networking.
4. Tallaabooyinkan ka dib, server-ka shabakadu wuu bilaabmaa, laakiin goobta weli ma shaqaynayso sababtoo ah
Warning: require_once(/usr/share/wordpress/wp-content/themes/twentysixteen/footer.php): failed to open stream: Permission denied in /usr/share/wordpress/wp-includes/template.php on line 562Waxaan tafatirnaa xuquuqda faylka
$ chmod 644 /usr/share/wordpress/wp-content/themes/twentysixteen/footer.php
Waxaan dib u cusbooneysiineynaa bogga, tag goobta oo hel furaha - BjarneStroustrup! Waxaan helnay dhammaan seddexda fure, agaasimeheennu wuu shaqeyn karaa, waxaan kala saarnay faylalka xisaabaadka. Qof kastaa wuu faraxsan yahay, waxaana hortaadaa shaqo badan si aad u dejiso kaabayaasha, kaydinta iyo amniga shirkadda.
2. Marxaladda labaad
Waxay ahayd lagama maarmaan in la xalliyo dhibaatada ururinta falanqaynta. Qof kastaa wuxuu jecel yahay falanqaynta - cidda adeegsata, meesha iyo cabbirkee. Waxaan la nimid kiis ay dhammaan injineerada la kulmi karaan qaab ama qaab kale oo nolosha ah.
2.1. Xaqiiqooyin Xiiso Leh
Ciyaartoydayada mid ka mid ah ayaa furihii saxda ahaa galay 10-kii daqiiqo ee ugu horeysay ciyaarta, waxaana saacadii ugu horeysay aanu helnay hogaamiye hawshaasi soo dhameeyay.
2.2. Jimicsi samee
Waxaad u shaqo tagtay shirkadda, maareeyayaal ayaa kuu yimid oo ku waydiiyey inaad hesho cidda waraaqaha Afrika laga soo diray. Waxaan u baahannahay inaan dhisno 21-ka ciwaan ee ugu sarreeya ee dadka qaata iyadoo ku saleysan iyaga. Xarfaha ugu horreeya ee cinwaannada qaataha ayaa fure u ah. Hal shay: server-ka waraaqaha lagu soo diray ma rarto. Qof kastaa wuxuu filayaa in arrinta si degdeg ah loo xalliyo!
2.3. Xalka
1. Seerfarku ma bootin waayo qayb isku beddelasho oo aan jirin oo fstab ah; marka la soo shubayo, nidaamku wuxuu isku dayaa inuu ku dhejiyo oo burburo. Sida loo bootiyo?
Soo deji sawirka, waxaan soo dejinay CentOS 7, ka boot Live CD/DVD (Dhibaatooyinka -> Samatabbixinta), dheji nidaamka, wax ka beddel /etc/fstab. Waxaan isla markiiba helnaa furaha ugu horreeya - GottfriedWilhelm11646Leibniz!
Samee is dhaafsi:
$ lvcreate -n swap centos -L 256M
$ sync && reboot2. Sida had iyo jeer, ma jiro wax sirta ah, waxaad u baahan tahay inaad bedesho erayga sirta ah ee mashiinka farsamada. Horay ayaan tan u samaynay hawshii ugu horraysay. Waxaan bedelnaa oo si guul leh u galnaa server-ka, laakiin isla markiiba waxay gashaa reboot. Server-ku si xawli ah ayuu u raran yahay oo aanad xitaa wakhti u haysan inaad si taxadar leh u eegto dhammaan diiwaannada. Sida loo fahmo waxa dhacaya?
Mar labaad waxaan ka bilownaa livecd, si taxadar leh u barano diiwaannada nidaamka iyo, haddii ay dhacdo, fiiri cron, tan iyo xilliyadan oo kale. Halkaa waxaan ka heleynaa dhibaatada iyo furaha labaad - Alan1912MathisonTuring!
Waxaan u baahanahay /etc/crontab tirtir ama faallo ka bixi khadka echo b > /proc/sysrq-trigger.
3. Ka dib markaa server-ku wuu soo shubay, oo waxaad dhamaystiri kartaa hawsha maamulayaasha: "Waa maxay cinwaanada Afrika?" Macluumaadkan guud ahaan waa ay heli karaan dadweynaha. Macluumaadkan waxaad ka heli kartaa internetka adigoo isticmaalaya weedhaha "IP address africa", "geoip database". Si loo xalliyo dhibaatada, waxaad isticmaali kartaa xogta qaybinta ciwaanka si xor ah loo heli karo (geoip). Waxaan u isticmaalnay keydka xogta halbeeg ahaan , oo lagu heli karo shatiga Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0.
Aan isku dayno inaan xalino dhibaheena anagoo adeegsanayna kaliya Linux utility system, laakiin guud ahaan waxaa lagu xalin karaa siyaabo aad u tiro badan: iyadoo la adeegsanayo agabka shaandhaynta qoraalka iyo adeegsiga qoraalada luuqadaha barnaamijyada kala duwan.
Si aan ku bilowno, waxaan si fudud uga heli doonaa lamaanayaasha "soodiraha-heliyaha IP" ee log-ka boostada /var/log/maillog (aan dhisno shax dadka qaata iimaylka - diraha IP). Tan waxaa lagu samayn karaa amarka soo socda:
$ cat /var/log/maillog | fgrep -e ' connect from' -e 'status=sent' | sed 's/[]<>[]/ /g' | awk '/connect from/ {ip=$11} /status=sent/ {print $10" "ip}' > log1.txtKa hor inta aynaan sii wadin ururinta xogta cinwaannada Afrika, aan eegno cinwaannada IP-ga ugu sarreeya ee dadka soo dira.
$ cat log1.txt | cut -d' ' -f1 | sort | uniq -c | sort -r | head -n 40
5206 [email protected]
4165 [email protected]
3739 [email protected]
3405 [email protected]
3346 [email protected]
Dhammaantood, saddexda qof ee ugu horreeya ee ka soo jeeda xagga sare waxay si cad u taagan yihiin tirada xarfaha. Haddii aad ku dhufato ciwaanada IP-yada soo-dilayaasha u soo diray ciwaanada 3-da sare, waxaad ogaan doontaa sida cad ee shabakadaha qaarkood:
$ cat log1.txt | fgrep '[email protected]' | cut -d' ' -f2 | sort | cut -d'.' -f1 | uniq -c | sort -r | head
831 105
806 41
782 197
664 196
542 154
503 102
266 156
165 45
150 160
108 165Inta badan shabakadaha 105/8, 41/8, 196/8,197/8 waxaa loo qoondeeyay AFRINIC - mid ka mid ah shanta diiwaan-galiyeyaasha internetka ee qaybiya ilaha internetka. AFRINIC waxay u qaybisaa meel ciwaanka Afrika oo dhan. 41/8na waxay si buuxda ula jeedaan AFRINIC.
https://www.nic.ru/whois/?searchWord=105.0.0.0
https://www.nic.ru/whois/?searchWord=41.0.0.0
Haddaba, jawaabta dhibaatadu waxay ku jirtaa, dhab ahaan, logga laftiisa.
$ cat log1.txt | fgrep -e '105.' -e '41.' -e '196.' -e '197.' -e '154.' -e '102.' | awk '{print $1}' | sort | uniq -c | sort -r | head -n 21
4209 [email protected]
3313 [email protected]
2704 [email protected]
2215 [email protected]
1774 [email protected]
1448 [email protected]
1233 [email protected]
958 [email protected]
862 [email protected]
762 [email protected]
632 [email protected]
539 [email protected]
531 [email protected]
431 [email protected]
380 [email protected]
357 [email protected]
348 [email protected]
312 [email protected]
289 [email protected]
282 [email protected]
274 [email protected]Marxaladdan waxaan helnaa xarigga "LinuxBenedictTorvadst".
Furaha saxda ah: "LinusBenedictTorvalds".
Xadhiga ka dhashay waxa uu ka kooban yahay qoraal la xidhiidha furaha saxda ah ee 3da xaraf ee u dambeeya. Tan waxa u sabab ah shabakadaha aanu dooranay oo aan gabi ahaanba u heellanayn wadamada Afrika iyo habka email-lada loogu qaybiyo ciwaannada IP-ga ee ku jira loggeena.
Marka la helo qeexid ku filan shabakadaha ugu waaweyn ee loo qoondeeyay wadamada Afrika, jawaab sax ah ayaa la heli karaa:
$ cat log1.txt | fgrep -e' '105.{30..255}. -e' '41. -e' '196.{64..47}. -e' '196.{248..132}. -e' '197.{160..31}. -e' '154.{127..255}. -e' '102.{70..255}. -e' '156.{155..255}. | awk '{print $1}' | sort | uniq -c | sort -r | head -n 21
3350 [email protected]
2662 [email protected]
2105 [email protected]
1724 [email protected]
1376 [email protected]
1092 [email protected]
849 [email protected]
712 [email protected]
584 [email protected]
463 [email protected]
365 [email protected]
269 [email protected]
225 [email protected]
168 [email protected]
142 [email protected]
111 [email protected]
96 [email protected]
78 [email protected]
56 [email protected]
56 [email protected]
40 [email protected]
Dhibaatada sidoo kale waxaa lagu xallin karaa si kale.
Soo deji MaxMind, ka fur, saddexda amar ee soo socdana waxay xalliyaan dhibaatadeena.
$ cat GeoLite2-Country-Locations-ru.csv | grep "ΠΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°" | cut -d',' -f1 > africaIds.txt
$ grep -Ff africaIds.txt GeoLite2-Country-Blocks-IPv4.csv | cut -d',' -f1 > africaNetworks.txt
$ grepcidr -f africaNetworks.txt log1.txt | cut -d' ' -f1 | sort | uniq -c | sort -r | head -n21
Hal hab ama mid kale, waxaan ugu dambeyntii xisaabinay tirakoobka, maamulayaashuna waxay heleen xogta ay u baahan yihiin si ay u shaqeeyaan!
3. Marxaladda saddexaad
Marxaladda saddexaad waxay la mid tahay tii ugu horreysay - waxaad sidoo kale u baahan tahay inaad hagaajiso adeegga laambadda diirran, laakiin wax walba waa ka dhib badan yihiin hawsha ugu horreysa.
3.1. Xaqiiqooyin Xiiso Leh
15kii daqiiqo ee ugu horeeyay, saddex ciyaartoy ayaa helay furihii ugu horeeyay; 2 saacadood iyo 20 daqiiqo ka dib bilawgii masraxa, guushayadu waxay dhamaystirtay hawshii.
3.2. Jimicsi samee
Waxaad u shaqo tagtay shirkad halkaas oo dhammaan dukumeentiyada shirkadu ay ku kaydsan yihiin serfarka gudaha ee Wiki. Sannadkii hore, injineer ayaa dalbaday 3 saxan oo cusub oo server-ka ah marka lagu daro mid hore u jiray, isaga oo ku dooday in sistamka uu u noqdo mid u dulqaadan kara cilladaha, saxannada loo baahan yahay in lagu dhejiyo nooc ka mid ah qalabyada. Nasiib darro, dhowr toddobaad ka dib markii la rakibay, injineerku wuxuu aaday fasax Hindiya mana soo laaban.
Seerfarku waxa uu shaqeeyay guul darro la'aan dhowr sano, laakiin dhawr maalmood ka hor shabakadda shirkadda waa la jabsaday. Sida ku cad tilmaamaha, shaqaalaha amniga ayaa ka saaray saxanadaha server-ka oo kuu soo diray. Inta lagu jiro gaadiidka, hal saxan ayaa si lama filaan ah u lumay.
Waxaan u baahanahay inaan soo celino shaqeyntii Wiki; marka hore, waxaan xiiseyneynaa waxa ku jira boggaga wiki. Qoraal gaar ah oo ku yaal mid ka mid ah boggaga wiki-kan ayaa ah erayga sirta ah ee server-ka 1C waxaana si degdeg ah loogu baahan yahay in la furo.
Intaa waxaa dheer, meel ku taal bogga wiki ama meel kale waxaa jiray furaha sirta ah ee server-ka log iyo server-ka ilaalinta fiidiyowga, kaas oo sidoo kale la jecel yahay inuu soo kabsado; iyaga la'aantood, baaritaanka dhacdada waa wax aan macquul ahayn. Sida had iyo jeer, waxaan filaynaa in si degdeg ah loo xalliyo arrinta!
3.3. Xalka
1. Waxaan isku daynaa in aan mid mid uga soo saarno saxanadaha aan hayno oo meel kasta aan ka helno fariin isku mid ah:
No bootable medium found! System halted
Waxaad u baahan tahay inaad wax ka bootiso. Ka-bootinka CD/DVD-ga tooska ah (Dhibaatooyinka -> Samatabbixinta) ayaa mar kale caawinaysa. Marka la soo dhejiyo, waxaan isku dayeynaa inaan helno qaybta kabaha, ma heli karno, waxaan ku dhameyneynaa qolofka. Waxaan isku dayeynaa inaan barano waxa iyo sida loo sameeyo saxanadaha. Waxaa la og yahay in ay yihiin saddex. Waxaa jira qalab badan oo tan loogu talagalay nooca 7th ee CentOS, halkaas oo ay jiraan amarro blkid ama lsblk, kaas oo ina tusaya dhammaan macluumaadka ku saabsan saxanadaha.
Sidee iyo waxa aanu samayno:
$ ls /dev/sd*Isla markiiba way caddahay in
/dev/sdb1 - ext4
/dev/sdb2 - ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ lvm
/dev/sda1 ΠΈ /dev/sdc1 - ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΉΠ΄Π°
/dev/sda2 ΠΈ /dev/sdc2 - ΠΏΡΠΎ Π½ΠΈΡ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡWaxaan kor u qaadnay sdb1, way caddahay in tani ay tahay qaybta boot ee CentOS 6.
$ mkdir /mnt/sdb1 && mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/sdb1Sida iska cad, waxaan aadeynaa qaybta qashinka oo aan ka helno furaha ugu horreeya halkaas - James191955Gosling ee fayl aan caadi ahayn.
2. Waxaan baraneynaa pvs iyo lvs, maadaama aan la shaqeyno LVM. Waxaan aragnaa inay jiraan 2 qaybood oo muuqaal ah, midna kuma jiro oo ka cabanaya uid lumay. Waxaan aragnaa in ay jiraan 2 mugga macquul ah: xidid iyo isku beddelasho, halka xididku qayb ahaan lumay (sifada P ee mugga). Suurtagal maaha in la fuulo, taas oo ah wax laga xumaado! Runtii waan u baahanahay isaga.
Waxaa jira 2 saxan oo dheeri ah, waanu eegnaa iyaga, ururinaynaa oo ku dhejinaynaa:
$ mdadm --examine --verbose --scan
$ mdadm --assemble --verbose --scan
$ mkdir /mnt/md127 && mount /dev/md127 /mnt/md127
Waxaan eegnaa, waxaan arki karnaa in tani ay tahay qaybta boot ee CentOS 6 iyo nuqul ka mid ah wixii horeba u shidnaa. /dev/sdb1, oo halkan mar kale isla furihii - DennisBMacAlistairCRitchie!
Aan aragno sida loo ururiyey /dev/md127.
$ mdadm --detail /dev/md127
Waxaan aragnaa in ay ahayd in laga soo ururiyo 4 saxan, laakiin laga soo ururiyey laba /dev/sda1 ΠΈ /dev/sdc1, waa in ay noqdaan nambarada 2 iyo 4 ee nidaamka. Waxaan taas ka soo qaadnay /dev/sda2 ΠΈ /dev/sdc2 Waxa kale oo aad ururin kartaa array. Ma cadda sababta aysan u jirin metadata iyaga, laakiin tani waxay ku xiran tahay damiirka admin, kaas oo ku yaal meel Goa ah. Waxaan u maleyneynaa inay jirto RAID10, inkastoo ay jiraan doorashooyin. Waxaan aruurineynaa:
$ mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md0 --assume-clean --level=10 --raid-devices=4 missing /dev/sda2 missing /dev/sdc2
Waxaan eegnaa blkid, pvs, lvs. Waxa aanu ogaanay in aanu ururinay mug jidheed oo aanu hore uga maqnayn.
lvroot isla markiiba waa la dayactiray, waanu ku dhejinnay, laakiin marka hore daar VG:
$ vgchange -a y
$ mkdir /mnt/lvroot && mount /dev/mapper/vg_c6m1-lv_root /mnt/lvroot
Wax walbana waa jiraan, oo ay ku jiraan furaha tusaha guriga xididka - /root/macaan.
3. Waxaan wali isku dayeynaa inaan soo nooleyno server-kayaga si uu si caadi ah u bilaabo. Dhammaan qiyaasaha macquulka ah ee naga /dev/md0 (halka aan ka helnay wax walba) u jiid /dev/sdb2, halkaas oo server-ka oo dhan uu markii hore shaqeeyay.
$ pvmove /dev/md0 /dev/sdb2
$ vgreduce vg_c6m1 /dev/md0Waxaan daminnaa server-ka, ka saarnaa saxannada 1 iyo 3, ka tagna kan labaad, ka bootin CD/DVD-ga tooska ah ee Samatabbixinta. Soo hel qaybta boot oo soo celi bootloader gudaha grub:
root (hd0,0)
setup (hd0)
Waxaan ka jeexnaa saxanka boot-ka oo si guul leh ayaanu u shubnay, laakiin goobtu ma shaqeyso.
4. Waxaa jira laba ikhtiyaar oo lagu bilaabi karo degel: ka habeyn Apache xoq ama isticmaal nginx oo leh php-fpm horay loo sii hagaajiyay:
$ /etc/init.d/nginx start
$ /etc/init.d/php-fpm start
Ugu dambeyntii, waxaad u baahan tahay inaad bilowdo MySQL:
$ /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Ma bilaaban doonto, jawaabtuna waa dhex jirtaa /var/log/mysql. Sida ugu dhakhsaha badan ee aad u xalliso dhibaatada MySQL, goobta ayaa shaqayn doonta, bogga ugu muhiimsan waxaa jiri doona fure - RichardGCC MatthewGNUStallman! Hadda waxaan helnaa 1C, shaqaaluhuna waxay awoodi doonaan inay helaan mushaharkooda. Iyo sida had iyo jeer, waxaa kaa horeeya shaqo badan si loo dhiso kaabayaasha iyo ammaanka ee shirkadda.
Waxaan sidoo kale mar kale wadaagi karnaa liiska buugaagta naga caawiyay iyo ka qaybgalayaasha u diyaargarowga ciyaarta: .
Waad ku mahadsan tahay inaad nala joogto! La soco ogeysiisyada ciyaaraha soo socda!
Source: www.habr.com