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Maskaxda + VPS ee 30 rubles =?

Aad bay u fiican tahay marka dhammaan waxyaabaha yaryar ee lagama maarmaanka ah ay gacanta ku hayaan: qalin wanaagsan iyo warqad xusuus qor ah, qalin la fiiqan, jiir raaxo leh, dhowr fiilooyinka dheeraadka ah, iwm. Waxyaabahan aan la arki karin ma soo jiidanayaan dareenka, laakiin waxay ku kordhiyaan raaxada nolosha. Sheeko isku mid ah ayaa ku jirta codsiyada mobilada iyo desktop-ka ee kala duwan: sawir-qaadista dheer, yaraynta cabbirka sawirka, xisaabinta dhaqaalaha shaqsiyeed, qaamuusyada, turjumaanada, beddelayaasha, iwm. Ma leedahay mid? VPS - Kee aan qaali ahayn, had iyo jeer gacanta ku haya oo keena faa'iidooyin badan? Maya, ma aha midka aad ku leedahay shirkaddaada, laakiin adigaa iska leh, mid "jeebka". Waxaan u maleynay in la'aanteed VPS yar 2019 ay si uun u murugootay, sida iyada oo aan lahayn qalinka isha caadiga ah ee casharka. Maxaad u murugoonaysaa? Waa xagaa Waa sidee xagaaga? Xagaaga loogu talagalay khabiirka IT-ga: fadhiga guriga, ka shaqeynta mashaariicda aad jeceshahay adiga oo aan ka shallayn. Guud ahaan, waan ku fikirnay oo yeelnay.

Maskaxda + VPS ee 30 rubles =?
Shuuciyad baa timid sxb.

Isagu waa sidaas oo kale - VPS-keena soddon

Waxaan akhrinay maqaallo badan oo ka yimid tartamayaasha iyo isticmaalayaasha kuwaas oo qoray 3-4 sano ka hor sababta aan loogu baahnayn VPS qaali ah. Waa hagaag, taasi waa sax, markaa VPS "dinaar" waxay ahayd suuqgeyn saafi ah mana bixin karto fursado shaqo oo caadi ah. Laakiin waqtiyadu way isbedelayaan, qiimaha kheyraadka farsamada ayaa noqda mid hooseeya oo hooseeya, iyo 30 rubles bishii waxaan diyaar u nahay inaan bixinno tan:

  • Processor: Intel Xeon 2 GHz (1 core)
  • Nidaamka Linux (Debian, Ubuntu, CentOS si aad u kala doorato)
  • 1 ciwaanka gaarka ah ee IPv4
  • 10 GB ee kaydinta xogta ee darawallada heerka-shirkadeed ee degdegga ah ee SSD
  • RAM: 512 MB
  • Dalacsiinta ilbiriqsi kasta
  • Gaadiidka aan xadka lahayn

Tarifku wuxuu ku xiran yahay xayiraad farsamo oo dheeraad ah, faahfaahinta bogga dalabkeena qabow - VPS ee 30 rubles. 

Waa ayo server-kan casriga ah ee ku habboon? Haa ku dhawaad ​​qof walba: bilow, xamaasad, horumariyeyaal khibrad leh, taageerayaasha DIY iyo xitaa shirkadaha qaarkood.

Maxay VPS-kan ku habboon tahay?

Waxaan u maleyneynaa in akhristayaasha Habr ay xaqiiqdii heli doonaan hab iyaga u gaar ah oo loo isticmaalo qaabeyntan, laakiin waxaan go'aansanay inaan ururino xulashadayada fikradaha - maxaa dhacaya haddii qof u baahan yahay, laakiin nimanku ma garanayaan?

  • Dhig website-kaaga fudud, faylalka galmoodka, resume oo leh koodh, iwm. Dabcan, mareegtaada nashqadeysan ayaa saameyn togan ku leh loo shaqeeyaha. Dhig VPS-gaaga oo ka mas'uul ammaanka iyo xasilloonida goobta laftaada, oo ha ka masuulahin shaqaalaha bixiyayaasha martigelinta joogtada ah.
  • U isticmaal VPS ujeeddooyin waxbarasho: martigeli mashruucaaga, baro sifooyinka server-ka iyo nidaamka hawlgalka server-ka, tijaabi DNS, tinker leh goob waxbarasho oo yar.
  • Taleefan ahaan. Mararka qaarkood ganacsadaha gaarka ah, madax-bannaanida ama shirkad aad u yar ayaa si ba'an ugu baahan taleefoonka IP-ga, hawl-wadeennada taleefoonkan aad ayay u hunguri weyn yihiin. Way fududahay: waxaanu qaadanaa server-kayaga, waxaanu ka iibsanaa lambar ka shaqeeya telefonada IP-ga, waxaanu dejineynaa PBX-gaaban oo aan abuurno nambaro gudaha ah (haddii loo baahdo). Kaydinta ayaa aad u badan.
  • Isticmaal serverka si aad u tijaabiso codsiyadaada.
  • U isticmaal server-ka tijaabooyinka DIY, oo ay ku jiraan xakamaynta iyo ururinta xogta dareemayaasha nidaamka guriga ee smart.
  • Habka aan caadiga ahayn ee loo isticmaalo waa in la dhigo kaaliyaha ganacsiga is-dhaafsiga, robot ganacsi, ee server-ka. Waxaad si buuxda mas'uul uga noqon doontaa xasilloonida iyo amniga server-ka, taas oo macnaheedu yahay inaad heli doonto qalab la xakameeyey oo lagu ganacsanayo suuqyada saamiyada. Hagaag, haddii ay dhacdo qof uu xiiseynayo ama qorsheynayo :)

Waxaa jira codsiyo loogu talagalay VPS noocan oo kale ah oo ku jira saaxadda shirkadda. Marka lagu daro adeegga taleefanka ee hore loo sheegay, waxaad hirgelin kartaa dhowr waxyaalood oo xiiso leh. Tusaale ahaan:

  • Dhig kayd yar iyo macluumaad ay heli karaan shaqaalaha safarka ah meel fog, tusaale ahaan, adoo isticmaalaya ftp. Tani waxay kuu ogolaan doontaa inaad si dhakhso leh u beddesho falanqaynta cusub, qaabaynta la cusboonaysiiyay ee dadka iibka ah, bandhigyada, iwm.
  • Sii marin ku meel gaar ah isticmaalayaasha ama macaamiisha si ay u muujiyaan software ama warbaahinta.

Tijaabada VPS ee 30 rubles - adiga ayaa laguu sameeyay

30 rubi waa wax aad u yar oo xitaa ma rabto inaad kaar qaadato si aad u bixiso oo aad u tijaabiso. Marmarka qaarkood aad ayaan u caajisnay, laakiin markan wax walba ayaan kuu samaynay. Kahor intaadan bilaabin server-yada dagaalka, waxaan sameynay tijaabo si aan u hubino dhammaan faahfaahinta oo aan tusno waxa ay adeegayaashu awood u leeyihiin qiimahan. Si aan uga dhigno mid aad u xiiso badan, waxaan ku darnay si xad dhaaf ah oo aan hubinay sida qaabeyntani u dhaqmi doonto haddii cufnaanta iyo culeyska ay dhaafaan qiyamka aan dejinay. 

Martigeliyaha waxaa saarnaa tiro ka mid ah mashiinnada farsamada gacanta oo hawlo kala duwan ku qabtay processor-ka oo si firfircoon u isticmaalay nidaamka-hoosaadka diskka. Hadafku waa in la ekaysiiyo cufnaanta sare ee meelaynta iyo culays la barbardhigi karo ama ka weyn kan dagaalka.

Marka lagu daro culeyska joogtada ah, waxaan ku rakibnay 3 mashiinnada farsamada ah kuwaas oo soo ururiyay mitirka synthetic iyadoo la adeegsanayo sysbench, celceliska natiijooyinka kuwaas oo hoos lagu sheegay, iyo 50 mashiinnada farsamada ah oo abuuray culeys dheeraad ah. Dhammaan mashiinnada farsamada casriga ah waxay lahaayeen qaab isku mid ah (1 core, RAM 512 GB, SSD 10 GB), sawirka caadiga ah ee debian 9.6 waxaa loo doortay nidaamka hawlgalka, kaas oo la siiyo isticmaalayaasha RUVDS.

Culayska waxaa lagu sawiray dabeecadda iyo baaxadda u dhigma dagaalka:

  • Qaar ka mid ah mashiinnada casriga ah ayaa lagu soo bandhigay culeys yar
  • Mashiinnada qaarkood waxay sameeyeen qoraal tijaabo ah oo u ekaysiinaya culayska processor-ka (iyagoo isticmaalaya utility stress)
  • Qeybta soo hartay ee mashiinnada farsamada, waxaan ku wadnay qoraal loo isticmaalay dd si loo koobiyo xogta laga soo qaatay xogta horay loo sii diyaariyay ee diskka oo leh xaddid la isticmaalayo pv (tusaale waa la arki karaa). halkan ΠΈ halkan).

Sidoo kale, sida aad xasuusato, waxaanu haysanay saddex mashiin oo soo ururiyay cabbirada synthetic.

Mashiin kasta, script ayaa lagu fuliyay si wareeg ah 15kii daqiiqoba, kaas oo ku shaqeeya imtixaanada sysbench ee processor-ka, xusuusta iyo saxanka.

Qoraal sysbench.sh

#!/bin/bash
date +"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S" >> /root/sysbench/results.txt
sysbench --test=cpu run >> /root/sysbench/results.txt
sysbench --test=memory run >> /root/sysbench/results.txt
sysbench --test=fileio --file-test-mode=seqwr run >> /root/sysbench/results.txt
sysbench --test=fileio --file-test-mode=seqrd run >> /root/sysbench/results.txt
sysbench --test=fileio --file-test-mode=rndrw run >> /root/sysbench/results.txt

Natiijooyinka waxaa loo soo bandhigay ku habboonaanta qaabka sysbench, laakiin celceliska qiyamka muddada baaritaanka oo dhan ayaa laga soo qaatay dhammaan mashiinnada, natiijada waxaa lagu arki karaa halkan:

Sysbanch-avg.txtsysbench 0.4.12: multi-threaded system evaluation benchmark

Running the test with following options:
Number of threads: 1

Doing CPU performance benchmark

Threads started!
Done.

Maximum prime number checked in CPU test: 10000

Test execution summary:
total time: 19.2244s
total number of events: 10000
total time taken by event execution: 19.2104
per-request statistics:
min: 1.43ms
avg: 1.92ms
max: 47.00ms
approx. 95 percentile: 3.02ms

Threads fairness:
events (avg/stddev): 10000.0000/0.00
execution time (avg/stddev): 19.2104/0.00

sysbench 0.4.12: multi-threaded system evaluation benchmark

Running the test with following options:
Number of threads: 1

Doing memory operations speed test
Memory block size: 1K

Memory transfer size: 102400M

Memory operations type: write
Memory scope type: global
Threads started!
Done.

Operations performed: 104857600 (328001.79 ops/sec)

102400.00 MB transferred (320.32 MB/sec)

Test execution summary:
total time: 320.9155s
total number of events: 104857600
total time taken by event execution: 244.8399
per-request statistics:
min: 0.00ms
avg: 0.00ms
max: 139.41ms
approx. 95 percentile: 0.00ms

Threads fairness:
events (avg/stddev): 104857600.0000/0.00
execution time (avg/stddev): 244.8399/0.00

sysbench 0.4.12: multi-threaded system evaluation benchmark

Running the test with following options:
Number of threads: 1

Extra file open flags: 0
128 files, 16Mb each
2Gb total file size
Block size 16Kb
Periodic FSYNC enabled, calling fsync() each 100 requests.
Calling fsync() at the end of test, Enabled.
Using synchronous I/O mode
Doing sequential write (creation) test
Threads started!
Done.

Operations performed: 0 Read, 131072 Write, 128 Other = 131200 Total
Read 0b Written 2Gb Total transferred 2Gb (320.1Mb/sec)
20251.32 Requests/sec executed

Test execution summary:
total time: 6.9972s
total number of events: 131072
total time taken by event execution: 5.2246
per-request statistics:
min: 0.01ms
avg: 0.04ms
max: 96.76ms
approx. 95 percentile: 0.03ms

Threads fairness:
events (avg/stddev): 131072.0000/0.00
execution time (avg/stddev): 5.2246/0.00

sysbench 0.4.12: multi-threaded system evaluation benchmark

Running the test with following options:
Number of threads: 1

Extra file open flags: 0
128 files, 16Mb each
2Gb total file size
Block size 16Kb
Periodic FSYNC enabled, calling fsync() each 100 requests.
Calling fsync() at the end of test, Enabled.
Using synchronous I/O mode
Doing sequential read test
Threads started!
Done.

Operations performed: 131072 Read, 0 Write, 0 Other = 131072 Total
Read 2Gb Written 0b Total transferred 2Gb (91.32Mb/sec)
5844.8 Requests/sec executed

Test execution summary:
total time: 23.1054s
total number of events: 131072
total time taken by event execution: 22.9933
per-request statistics:
min: 0.00ms
avg: 0.18ms
max: 295.75ms
approx. 95 percentile: 0.77ms

Threads fairness:
events (avg/stddev): 131072.0000/0.00
execution time (avg/stddev): 22.9933/0.00

sysbench 0.4.12: multi-threaded system evaluation benchmark

Running the test with following options:
Number of threads: 1

Extra file open flags: 0
128 files, 16Mb each
2Gb total file size
Block size 16Kb
Number of random requests for random IO: 10000
Read/Write ratio for combined random IO test: 1.50
Periodic FSYNC enabled, calling fsync() each 100 requests.
Calling fsync() at the end of test, Enabled.
Using synchronous I/O mode
Doing random r/w test
Threads started!
Done.

Operations performed: 6000 Read, 4000 Write, 12800 Other = 22800 Total
Read 93.75Mb Written 62.5Mb Total transferred 156.25Mb (1341.5Kb/sec)
85.61 Requests/sec executed

Test execution summary:
total time: 152.9786s
total number of events: 10000
total time taken by event execution: 14.1879
per-request statistics:
min: 0.01ms
avg: 1.41ms
max: 210.22ms
approx. 95 percentile: 4.95ms

Threads fairness:
events (avg/stddev): 10000.0000/0.00
execution time (avg/stddev): 14.1879/0.00
Natiijadu waa tilmaan, laakiin weli waa inaan loo qaadan sidii QoS. 

Mashiinnada abuura culays dheeraad ah

Software:

  • update badnaayeen-karaa
  • kobcinta sicirka
  • Laydhka-rakibo python-pip
  • pip ku rakib mysql-connector-python-rf

Ku rakiban MariaDB, Sida loo halkan:

apt-get install libmariadbclient-dev
mysql -e "INSTALL PLUGIN blackhole SONAME 'ha_blackhole.so';" -- Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ½ΠΎ для test_employees_sha

Saldhigga tijaabada ayaa la qaaday halkan:

Xog-ururinta waxa loo geeyey sida lagu cayimay halkan:

mysql -t < employees.sql
mysql -t < test_employees_sha.sql

Saldhig tijaabo yar:

Shaxda 

RowsCount 

Cabbirka xogta (MB)

Cabbirka tusaha (KB)

waaxyaha 

9

0.02

16.00

dept_emp 

331143 

11.52

5648.00

maareeye_dept 

24 

0.02

16.00

shaqaalaha 

299379 

14.52

0.00

mushaharka 

2838426 

95.63

0.00 

koobab 

442783 

19.56

0.00

Adeegga tijaabada hore waxa uu ku qoran yahay jilibka Python; waxa uu fuliyaa afar hawlgal:

  1. getState: waxay soo celisaa heerka
  2. getEmployee: wuxuu ka soo celiyaa shaqaalaha (+ mushaharka, + cinwaanada) kaydka xogta
  3. patchEmployee: beddelo goobaha shaqaalaha
  4. gelin Mushaharka: gelin mushahar

Isha adeega (dbtest.py)

#!/usr/bin/python
import mysql.connector as mariadb
from flask import Flask, json, request, abort
from mysql.connector.constants import ClientFlag

app = Flask(__name__)

def getFields(cursor):
    results = {}
    column = 0
    for d in cursor.description:
        results[d[0]] = column
        column = column + 1
    return results

PAGE_SIZE = 30

@app.route("/")
def main():
    return "Hello!"

@app.route("/employees/<page>", methods=['GET'])
def getEmployees(page):
    offset = (int(page) - 1) * PAGE_SIZE
    connection = mariadb.connect(user='admin', password='q5XpRomdSr', database='employees')
    cursor = connection.cursor()
    cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM employees LIMIT {} OFFSET {}".format(PAGE_SIZE, offset))
    return {'employees': [i[0] for i in cursor.fetchall()]}

@app.route("/employee/<id>", methods=['GET'])
def getEmployee(id):
    id = int(id)
    connection = mariadb.connect(user='admin', password='q5XpRomdSr', database='employees')
    cursor = connection.cursor()
    cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM employees WHERE emp_no = {}".format(id))
    fields = getFields(cursor)
    employee = {}
    found = False
    for row in cursor.fetchall():
        found = True
        employee = {
            "birth_date": row[fields["birth_date"]],
            "first_name": row[fields["first_name"]],
            "last_name": row[fields["last_name"]],
            "gender": row[fields["gender"]],
            "hire_date": row[fields["hire_date"]]
        }
    if not found:
        abort(404)
    cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM salaries WHERE emp_no = {}".format(id))
    fields = getFields(cursor)
    salaries = []
    for row in cursor.fetchall():
        salary = {
            "salary": row[fields["salary"]],
            "from_date": row[fields["from_date"]],
            "to_date": row[fields["to_date"]]
        }
        salaries.append(salary)
    employee["salaries"] = salaries
    cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM titles WHERE emp_no = {}".format(id))
    fields = getFields(cursor)
    titles = []
    for row in cursor.fetchall():
        title = {
            "title": row[fields["title"]],
            "from_date": row[fields["from_date"]],
            "to_date": row[fields["to_date"]]
        }
        titles.append(title)
    employee["titles"] = titles
    return json.dumps({
        "status": "success",
        "employee": employee
    })

def isFieldValid(t, v):
    if t == "employee":
        return v in ["birdth_date", "first_name", "last_name", "hire_date"]
    else:
        return false

@app.route("/employee/<id>", methods=['PATCH'])
def setEmployee(id):
    id = int(id)
    content = request.json
    print(content)
    setList = ""
    data = []
    for k, v in content.iteritems():
        if not isFieldValid("employee", k):
            continue
        if setList != "":
            setList = setList + ", "
        setList = setList + k + "=%s"
        data.append(v)
    data.append(id)
    print(setList)
    print(data)
    connection = mariadb.connect(user='admin', password='q5XpRomdSr', database='employees', client_flags=[ClientFlag.FOUND_ROWS])
    cursor = connection.cursor()
    cursor.execute("UPDATE employees SET {} WHERE emp_no = %s".format(setList), data)
    connection.commit()
    if cursor.rowcount < 1:
        abort(404)
    return json.dumps({
        "status": "success"
    })

@app.route("/salary", methods=['PUT'])
def putSalary():
    content = request.json
    print(content)
    connection = mariadb.connect(user='admin', password='q5XpRomdSr', database='employees', client_flags=[ClientFlag.FOUND_ROWS])
    cursor = connection.cursor()
    data = [content["emp_no"], content["salary"], content["from_date"], content["to_date"]]
    cursor.execute("INSERT INTO salaries (emp_no, salary, from_date, to_date) VALUES (%s, %s, %s, %s)", data)
    connection.commit()
    return json.dumps({
        "status": "success"
    })


@app.route("/state", methods=['GET'])
def getState():
    return json.dumps({
        "status": "success",
        "state": "working"
    })

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(host='0.0.0.0',port='5002')

Digniin Xaaladna ma aha in adeeggan loo qaato tusaale ama hage!

Tijaabooyinka waxaa lagu sameeyaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo JMeter duug ah oo wanaagsan. Tijaabooyin taxane ah oo socday 15 daqiiqo ilaa 2 saacadood ayaa la bilaabay, iyada oo aan la joojin, boqolleyda codsiyadu way kala duwanaayeen, wax soo saarkuna way kala duwanaayeen 300 ilaa 600 codsi daqiiqadii. Tirada dunta laga bilaabo 50 ilaa 500.

Sababtoo ah xaqiiqda ah in xog-ururintu aad u yar tahay, amarka:

mysql -e "SHOW ENGINE INNODB STATUS"

Waxay tusinaysaa in:

Buffer pool hit rate 923 / 1000, young-making rate 29 / 1000 not 32 / 1000

Hoos waxaa ah celceliska wakhtiyada jawaabta codsiyada:

Label

Celceliska

Median

90% Khadka

95% Khadka

99% Khadka

Min

Max

heli Shaqaale

37.64

12.57

62.28

128.5

497.57

5

4151.78

getState

17

7.57

30.14

58.71

193

3

2814.71

balastar Shaqaale

161.42

83.29

308

492.57

1845.14

5

6639.4

mushaharka dhig

167.21

86.93

315.34

501.07

1927.12

7

6722.44

Waxaa laga yaabaa inay kugu adkaato inaad ka xukunto natiijooyinkan synthetic sida ay VPS-kan ugu habboon tahay hawlahaaga gaarka ah iyo, guud ahaan, hababka liiska ku qoran waxay ku kooban yihiin kiisaska aan ku wajahno qaab ama qaab kale. si cad uma dhammayn. Waxaan kugu martiqaadeynaa inaad soo bandhigto gabagabadaada oo aad tijaabiso serverka 30 rubles ee codsiyadaada iyo hawlahaaga dhabta ah oo aad soo jeediso fursadahaaga qaabeyntan faallooyinka.

Source: www.habr.com

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