🥇Netplan iyo sida saxda ah ee loo kariyo

Ubuntu nidaamka hawlgalka ee cajiibka ah, muddo dheer ma aanan la shaqeynin Ubuntu server-ka, iyo cusboonaysiinta Desktop-kayga nooc deggan macno ma samaynayn. Kadibna, waqti aan dheerayn ka hor, waxaan la kulmay sii-deyn cusub. Ubuntu Server-ka 18.04, aad ayaan ula yaabay markii aan ogaaday inaan aad uga dambeeyay waqtiga oo aan habayn karin shabakaddayda sababtoo ah nidaamkii hore ee wanaagsanaa ee habaynta is-dhexgalka shabakadda iyadoo la tafatirayo faylka /etc/network/interfaces ayaa meesha ka baxay. Maxaase beddelay? Wax cabsi leh oo, marka hore la eego, gebi ahaanba aan la fahmi karin—la kulan "Netplan."

Run ahaantii, markii hore ma aanan fahmi karin waxa heshiisku ahaa iyo "sababta ay lagama maarmaan u ahayd, ka dib oo dhan, wax walba aad bay ugu habboonaayeen," laakiin ka dib markii aan wax yar ku celceliyay waxaan ogaaday inay leedahay soo jiidasho u gaar ah. Markaa, ku filan hadalka gabayada, aan sii wadno waxa Netplan yahay. Kani waa adeeg cusub oo loogu talagalay habaynta shabakad gudaha ah. Ubuntu, ugu yaraan "Wax sidan oo kale ah kuma aanan kulmin qaybinta kale." Farqi weyn oo Netplan ah ayaa ah in habaynta lagu qoray luqadda. YAML, Haa, waxaad maqashay sax YAML, horumariyayaashu waxay go'aansadeen inay la socdaan wakhtiyada (iyo si kasta oo ay u ammaanaan, weli waxaan u maleynayaa inay tahay luqad aad u xun). Khasaaraha ugu weyn ee luqaddan ayaa ah in ay aad ugu nugul yihiin meelaha bannaan, aan eegno qaabeynta iyadoo la adeegsanayo tusaale.

Faylasha qaabeynta waxay ku yaalaan hareeraha wadada /etc/netplan/filename.yaml, inta u dhaxaysa qayb kasta waa inay ahaataa + 2 boosas.

1) Madaxa caadiga ah wuxuu u eg yahay sidan:

network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    enp3s0f0:
      dhcp4:no

Bal aynu eegno waxa aanu hadda samaynay:

network: - tani waa bilowga block qaabeynta.
renderer: networkd - halkan waxaan ku tusaynaa maamulaha shabakada ee aan isticmaali doono, kani waa shabakad ama NetworkManager
version: 2 - halkan, sida aan u fahmay, waa nooca YAML.
ethernets: - blockkani waxa uu tilmaamayaa in aanu habayn doono hab-maamuuska ethernetka.
enps0f0: - Tilmaan adapter-ka shabakadda ee aanu habayn doono.
dhcp4:maya - dami DHCP v4, waayo 6 v6 dhcp6 siday u kala horreeyaan

2) Aynu isku dayno inaan ku meeleyno cinwaannada IP:

    enp3s0f0:
      dhcp4:no
      macaddress: bb:11:13:ab:ff:32
      addresses: [10.10.10.2/24, 10.10.10.3/24]
      gateway4: 10.10.10.1
      nameservers:
        addresses: 8.8.8.8

Halkan waxaan dejinay poppy-ka, ipv4, gateway iyo server-ka dns. Ogsoonow in haddii aan u baahanahay wax ka badan hal ciwaanka IP, ka dib waxaan ku qornaa iyaga oo kala saaraya hakadyo leh meel bannaan oo qasab ah ka dib.

3) Ka warran haddaan u baahanahay isku xidhka?

  bonds:
    bond0:
      dhcp4: no
      interfaces: [enp3s0f0, enp3s0f1]
      parameters: 
        mode: 802.3ad
        mii-monitor-interval: 1

bonds: - block sharaxaya in aanu habayn doonaa bonding.
bond0: - magac interface gardarro ah.
Interfaces: - Qaybo isdhexgal ah oo lagu soo ururiyay bond-ding, "sida hore loo sheegay, haddii ay jiraan dhawr qaybood, waxaan ku qeexnaa xargo labajibbaaran."
xuduudaha: - sharax block settings-ka cabbirka
qaabka: - qeex qaabka ay isku xidhiddu ku shaqayn doonto.
mii-kormeer-interval: - u dhig inta u dhaxaysa la socodka ilaa 1 ilbiriqsi.

Gudaha baloogga magacaaban, waxa kale oo aad habayn kartaa cabbirrada sida cinwaannada, gateway4, waddooyinka, iwm.

Waxaan ku darnay shaqo-ka-noqosho shabakadeena, hadda waxa hadhay waa in la rakibo vlan oo habayntu waxa loo qaadan karaa mid dhamaystiran.

vlans: 
    vlan10:
      id: 10
      link: bond0
      dhcp4: no
      addresses: [10.10.10.2/24]
      gateway: 10.10.10.1
      routes:
        - to: 10.10.10.2/24
          via: 10.10.10.1
          on-link: true

vlans: - ku dhawaaqi block qaabeynta vlan.
vlan10: - Magaca sabab la'aanta ah ee interface vlan.
id: - tag of our vlan.
isku xirka: - interface kaas oo vlan uu noqon doono mid la heli karo.
Wadooyinka: - ku dhawaaq xannibaadda sharaxaadda dariiqa.
- ku: - deji ciwaanka/subnetka kaas oo dariiqa loo baahan yahay.
iyada oo loo sii marayo: - Sheeg albaabka laga soo galo subnet-kayaga la heli karo.
on-link: - waxaan ku tusineynaa in wadooyinka mar walba la diwaan galiyo marka xiriirinta kor loo qaado.

U fiirso sida aan boosaska u dhigo; tani aad bay muhiim ugu tahay YAML.

Markaa waxaanu ku sharaxnay isku-xidhka shabakadaha, abuuray isku xidhka, iyo xitaa vlans ku daray. Aynu adeegsano qaab-dhismeedkayaga, netplan apply Command wuxuu hubin doonaa qaab-dhismeedkayaga khaladaadka oo ku dabaqi doona haddii uu guulaysto, marka xigta, qaabaynta ayaa iskeed kor loogu qaadayaa marka nidaamka dib loo bilaabo.

Markaan soo aruurinay dhammaan baloogyadii hore ee koodka, tani waa waxa aan helnay:

network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    enp3s0f0:
      dhcp4: no
    ensp3s0f1:
      dhcp4: no
  bonds:
    bond0:
      dhcp4: no
      interfaces: [enp3s0f0, enp3s0f1]
      parameters: 
        mode: 802.3ad
        mii-monitor-interval: 1
  vlan10:
      id: 10
      link: bond0
      dhcp4: no
      addresses: [10.10.10.2/24]
      routes:
        - to: 10.10.10.2/24
          via: 10.10.10.1
          on-link: true
  vlan20:
    id: 20
    link: bond0
    dhcp4: no
    addresses: [10.10.11.2/24]
    gateway: 10.10.11.1
    nameserver:
      addresses: [8.8.8.8]

Hadda shabakadayadu waxay diyaar u tahay inay shaqeyso, wax walba waxay noqdeen kuwo aan cabsi lahayn sidii ay markii hore u muuqatay oo koodka ayaa noqday mid aad u qurux badan oo la akhriyi karo. PC waad ku mahadsan tahay netplan waxaa jira buug aad u fiican oo ku yaal isku xirka https://netplan.io/.

Source: www.habr.com

Netplan iyo sida saxda ah loogu diyaariyo