Netplan iyo sida saxda ah loogu diyaariyo

Ubuntu waa nidaam qalliin oo cajiib ah, lamaan shaqayn Ubuntu server-ka muddo dheer mana jirin wax faa'iido ah oo aan kor ugu qaadayo Desktop-ka nooca xasilloon. Muddo aan dheerayn ka hor waxaan ku qasbanaaday in aan la tacaalo siideyntii ugu dambeysay ee server-ka Ubuntu 18.04, yaabteyda ma aysan ogeyn wax xuduud ah markii aan ogaaday in aan waqti badan ka dambeeyay oo aanan sameyn karin shabakad sababtoo ah nidaamkii hore ee wanaagsanaa ee dejinta shabakadaha shabakada Tafatirka faylka /etc/network /interfaces ayaa hoos u dhacay qulqulka. Maxaase u yimid in lagu beddelo? wax aad u xun oo jaleecada hore aan si buuxda loo fahmi karin, la kulan "Netplan".

Si daacad ah, markii ugu horeysay ma fahmi karin waxa ay tahay arrinka iyo "sababta tan loogu baahan yahay, sababtoo ah wax walba waa mid ku habboon," laakiin wax yar ka dib waxaan ogaaday in ay leedahay soo jiidasho u gaar ah. Aynu sii wadno waxa Netplan yahay, tani waa utility cusub oo loogu talagalay goobaha shabakadaha ee Ubuntu, ugu yaraan "wax sidan oo kale ah kuma arag qaybaha kale." Farqiga weyn ee u dhexeeya Netplan ayaa ah in qaabeynta lagu qoray luqadda YAML, Haa, waxaad maqashay sax YAML, horumariyayaashu waxay go'aansadeen inay la socdaan wakhtiyada (iyo si kasta oo ay u ammaanaan, weli waxaan u maleynayaa inay tahay luqad aad u xun). Khasaaraha ugu weyn ee luqaddan ayaa ah in ay aad ugu nugul yihiin meelaha bannaan, aan eegno qaabeynta iyadoo la adeegsanayo tusaale.

Faylasha qaabeynta waxay ku yaalaan hareeraha wadada /etc/netplan/filename.yaml, inta u dhaxaysa qayb kasta waa inay ahaataa + 2 boosas.

1) Madaxa caadiga ah wuxuu u eg yahay sidan:

network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    enp3s0f0:
      dhcp4:no

Bal aynu eegno waxa aanu hadda samaynay:

• network: - tani waa bilowga block qaabeynta.
• renderer: networkd - halkan waxaan ku tusaynaa maamulaha shabakada ee aan isticmaali doono, kani waa shabakad ama NetworkManager
• version: 2 - halkan, sida aan u fahmay, waa nooca YAML.
• ethernets: - blockkani waxa uu tilmaamayaa in aanu habayn doono hab-maamuuska ethernetka.
• enps0f0: - Tilmaan adapter-ka shabakadda ee aanu habayn doono.
• dhcp4:maya - dami DHCP v4, waayo 6 v6 dhcp6 siday u kala horreeyaan

2) Aynu isku dayno inaan ku meeleyno cinwaannada IP:

    enp3s0f0:
      dhcp4:no
      macaddress: bb:11:13:ab:ff:32
      addresses: [10.10.10.2/24, 10.10.10.3/24]
      gateway4: 10.10.10.1
      nameservers:
        addresses: 8.8.8.8

Halkan waxaan dejinay poppy-ka, ipv4, gateway iyo server-ka dns. Ogsoonow in haddii aan u baahanahay wax ka badan hal ciwaanka IP, ka dib waxaan ku qornaa iyaga oo kala saaraya hakadyo leh meel bannaan oo qasab ah ka dib.

3) Ka warran haddaan u baahanahay isku xidhka?

  bonds:
    bond0:
      dhcp4: no
      interfaces: [enp3s0f0, enp3s0f1]
      parameters: 
        mode: 802.3ad
        mii-monitor-interval: 1

• bonds: - block sharaxaya in aanu habayn doonaa bonding.
• bond0: - magac interface gardarro ah.
• Interfaces: - Qaybo isdhexgal ah oo lagu soo ururiyay bond-ding, "sida hore loo sheegay, haddii ay jiraan dhawr qaybood, waxaan ku qeexnaa xargo labajibbaaran."
• xuduudaha: - sharax block settings-ka cabbirka
• qaabka: - qeex qaabka ay isku xidhiddu ku shaqayn doonto.
• mii-kormeer-interval: - u dhig inta u dhaxaysa la socodka ilaa 1 ilbiriqsi.

Gudaha baloogga magacaaban, waxa kale oo aad habayn kartaa cabbirrada sida cinwaannada, gateway4, waddooyinka, iwm.

Waxaan ku darnay shaqo-ka-noqosho shabakadeena, hadda waxa hadhay waa in la rakibo vlan oo habayntu waxa loo qaadan karaa mid dhamaystiran.

vlans: 
    vlan10:
      id: 10
      link: bond0
      dhcp4: no
      addresses: [10.10.10.2/24]
      gateway: 10.10.10.1
      routes:
        - to: 10.10.10.2/24
          via: 10.10.10.1
          on-link: true

• vlans: - ku dhawaaqi block qaabeynta vlan.
• vlan10: - Magaca sabab la'aanta ah ee interface vlan.
• id: - tag of our vlan.
• isku xirka: - interface kaas oo vlan uu noqon doono mid la heli karo.
• Wadooyinka: - ku dhawaaq xannibaadda sharaxaadda dariiqa.
• - ku: - deji ciwaanka/subnetka kaas oo dariiqa loo baahan yahay.
• iyada oo loo sii marayo: - Sheeg albaabka laga soo galo subnet-kayaga la heli karo.
• on-link: - waxaan ku tusineynaa in wadooyinka mar walba la diwaan galiyo marka xiriirinta kor loo qaado.

U fiirso sida aan boosaska u dhigo; tani aad bay muhiim ugu tahay YAML.

Markaa waxaanu ku sharaxnay isku-xidhka shabakadaha, abuuray isku xidhka, iyo xitaa vlans ku daray. Aynu adeegsano qaab-dhismeedkayaga, netplan apply Command wuxuu hubin doonaa qaab-dhismeedkayaga khaladaadka oo ku dabaqi doona haddii uu guulaysto, marka xigta, qaabaynta ayaa iskeed kor loogu qaadayaa marka nidaamka dib loo bilaabo.

Markaan soo aruurinay dhammaan baloogyadii hore ee koodka, tani waa waxa aan helnay:

network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    enp3s0f0:
      dhcp4: no
    ensp3s0f1:
      dhcp4: no
  bonds:
    bond0:
      dhcp4: no
      interfaces: [enp3s0f0, enp3s0f1]
      parameters: 
        mode: 802.3ad
        mii-monitor-interval: 1
  vlan10:
      id: 10
      link: bond0
      dhcp4: no
      addresses: [10.10.10.2/24]
      routes:
        - to: 10.10.10.2/24
          via: 10.10.10.1
          on-link: true
  vlan20:
    id: 20
    link: bond0
    dhcp4: no
    addresses: [10.10.11.2/24]
    gateway: 10.10.11.1
    nameserver:
      addresses: [8.8.8.8]
    

Hadda shabakadayadu waxay diyaar u tahay inay shaqeyso, wax walba waxay noqdeen kuwo aan cabsi lahayn sidii ay markii hore u muuqatay oo koodka ayaa noqday mid aad u qurux badan oo la akhriyi karo. PC waad ku mahadsan tahay netplan waxaa jira buug aad u fiican oo ku yaal isku xirka https://netplan.io/.

Source: www.habr.com