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Automation Network. Kiis ka yimid nolosha qofka

Haye Habr!

Maqaalkan waxaan jeclaan lahaa inaan ka hadalno automation-ka kaabayaasha shabakadda. Shabakadda shaqada ee ka shaqeysa hal shirkad oo yar laakiin aad u han weyn ayaa la soo bandhigi doonaa. Dhammaan ciyaaraha leh qalabka shabakada dhabta ah waa random. Waxaan eegi doonaa kiis ka dhacay shabakadan, taas oo keeni karta in ganacsi la xiro muddo dheer iyo khasaaro maaliyadeed oo halis ah. Xalka kiiskani wuxuu si aad ah ugu habboon yahay fikradda "Automation of network network". Isticmaalka qalabka otomaatiga ah, waxaan ku tusi doonaa sida aad si wax ku ool ah u xalin karto dhibaatooyinka adag waqti gaaban gudaheed, waxaanan ka tarjumi doonaa sababta dhibaatooyinkan loo xalliyo habkan oo aan si kale loo xalin (iyada oo loo marayo console).

Afeef

Aaladahayada ugu muhiimsan ee otomaatignimada waa macquul (sida qalab otomaatig ah) iyo Git (sida kaydka buugaagta ciyaarta ee macquulka ah). Waxaan jeclaan lahaa inaan isla markaaba ballan-qaado in kani aanu ahayn maqaal hordhac ah, halkaas oo aan kaga hadalno caqli-galka macquulka ah ama Git, oo aan sharaxno waxyaabaha aasaasiga ah (tusaale, waa maxay roletaskimodules, faylasha alaabada, doorsoomayaasha gudaha Aansible, ama waxa dhaca marka waxaad gashaa git push ama git fulinta amarrada). Sheekadan kuma saabsana sida aad ugu dhaqmi karto Aansible oo aad u habayn karto NTP ama SMTP qalabkaaga. Tani waa sheeko ku saabsan sida aad si dhakhso ah oo doorbidi lahayd u ​​xallin lahayd dhibaatada shabakada iyada oo aan khaladaad lahayn. Waxa kale oo lagu talinayaa in si fiican loo fahmo sida shabakadu u shaqeyso, gaar ahaan waxa ay tahay TCP/IP, OSPF, BGP. Waxaan sidoo kale ka saari doonaa doorashada macquulka ah iyo Git ee isla'egta. Haddii aad weli u baahan tahay inaad doorato xal gaar ah, waxaan aad ugu talinaynaa inaad akhrido buugga "Barnaamijka Shabakadda iyo Automation-ka. Xirfadaha Shabakadda Jiilka Xiga" waxaa qoray Jason Edelman, Scott S. Lowe, iyo Matt Oswalt.

Hadda ilaa barta.

Abuurista dhibaatada

Aan qiyaaso xaalad: 3-da subaxnimo, waxaad huruddaa oo aad riyoonaysaa. Taleefoon wac. Agaasimaha farsamada ayaa wacaya:

- Haa?
— ###, ####, #####, kooxihii dab-damiska ayaa dhacay mana soo kicin!!!
Waxaad xoqin indhahaaga, adigoo isku dayaya inaad fahamto waxa dhacaya oo qiyaas sida tani xitaa u dhici karto. Taleefanka waxaad ka maqli kartaa timaha madaxa madaxa oo dillaacay, wuxuuna weydiistay inuu dib u soo waco sababtoo ah guud ayaa ku soo wacaya khadka labaad.

Nus saac ka dib, waxaad ka soo ururisay qoraaladii hordhaca ahaa ee ugu horeeyay ee shaqada shaqada, toosisay qof kasta oo la toosin karo. Natiijo ahaan, agaasimaha farsamadu been ma sheegin, wax walba waa sida ay yihiin, kooxda ugu weyn ee dab-damiska ayaa dhacay, mana jirto dhaqdhaqaaq jireed oo aasaasi ah oo u keenaya dareenkiisa. Dhammaan adeegyada ay shirkadu bixiso ma shaqeeyaan.

Dooro dhibaato dhadhankaaga, qof kastaa wuxuu xasuusan doonaa wax ka duwan. Tusaale ahaan, ka dib markii la cusbooneysiiyay habeenkii iyada oo maqnaanshaha culeyska culus, wax walba si fiican ayey u shaqeeyeen, qof walbana wuu seexday isagoo faraxsan. Gaadiidku waxa ay bilaabeen in ay qulqulaan, bakhaarada interneedka ayaa bilaabay in ay buux dhaafaan sababtuna tahay cilad ku timid darawalka kaadhka shabakada.

Jackie Chan si fiican ayuu u qeexi karaa xaalada.

Automation Network. Kiis ka yimid nolosha qofka

Waad ku mahadsan tahay, Jackie.

Ma aha xaalad aad u fiican, ma aha?

Aan ku dhaafno shabakadeena walaal fikirkiisa murugada leh in muddo ah.

Aynu ka wada hadalno sida dhacdooyinku u sii horumarin doonaan.

Waxaan soo jeedinaynaa sida soo socota ee soo bandhigida alaabta

  1. Aynu eegno jaantuska shabakadda oo aynu aragno sida ay u shaqeyso;
  2. Waxaan ku tilmaami doonaa sida aan uga wareejinno goobaha hal router-ka mid kale iyadoo la adeegsanayo macquul;
  3. Aynu ka hadalno automation-ka kaabayaasha IT-ga guud ahaan.

Shabakadda jaantuska iyo sharraxaadda

Qorshaha

Automation Network. Kiis ka yimid nolosha qofka

Aynu tixgelinno jaantuska macquulka ah ee ururkeenna. Ma magacaabi doono soo saarayaasha qalabka gaarka ah; ujeeddooyinka qodobkan dhib ma laha (Akhristaha fiirsada ayaa qiyaasi doona nooca qalabka loo isticmaalo). Tani waa mid ka mid ah faa'iidooyinka wanaagsan ee la shaqeynta Aansible; marka la dejinayo, guud ahaan ma daneyno nooca qalabka uu yahay. Kaliya si loo fahmo, kani waa qalab ka yimid iibiyeyaasha caanka ah, sida Cisco, Juniper, Check Point, Fortinet, Palo Alto ... waxaad bedeli kartaa ikhtiyaarkaaga.

Waxaan haynaa laba hawlood oo waaweyn oo loogu talagalay dhaqdhaqaaqa gaadiidka:

  1. Hubi daabacaadda adeegyadayada, kuwaas oo ah ganacsiga shirkadda;
  2. Bixi xiriirka laamo, xarun xogeed fog iyo ururrada dhinac saddexaad (lammaanaha iyo macaamiisha), iyo sidoo kale helitaanka laamo internetka iyada oo loo marayo xafiiska dhexe.

Aan ku bilowno waxyaabaha aasaasiga ah:

  1. Laba jiheeyaha soohdinta (BRD-01, BRD-02);
  2. Kooxda Dab-damiska (FW-CLUSTER);
  3. Furaha muhiimka ah (L3-CORE);
  4. Router-ka noqon doona khadka nolosha (sida aan u xallineyno dhibaatada, waxaan ka wareejin doonaa shabakadaha shabakadaha FW-CLUSTER una wareejin doona xaalad degdeg ah) (Emergency);
  5. Wareegyada maaraynta kaabayaasha shabakadda (L2-MGMT);
  6. Mashiin Virtual leh Git iyo macquul (VM-AUTOMATION);
  7. Laptop kaas oo lagu tijaabinayo laguna horumarinayo buugaag-ciyaaraha ee macquulka ah (Laptop-Automation).

Shabakadda waxa lagu habeeyey hab-maamuuska hab-socodka OSPF oo firfircoon oo leh meelaha soo socda:

  • Aagga 0 – aagga ay ku jiraan router-ka mas'uulka ka ah u-socodka taraafikada aagga EXCHANGE;
  • Aagga 1 - aagga ay ku jiraan router-ka mas'uulka ka ah hawlgalka adeegyada shirkadda;
  • Aagga 2 - aagga ay ku jiraan router-yada mas'uulka ka ah marin-u-socodka maamulka taraafikada;
  • Aagga N - meelaha shabakadaha laanta.

Rugaha xudduudaha, router dalwaddii (VRF-INTERNET) ayaa la sameeyay, kaas oo eBGP-ga muuqaal buuxa lagu rakibay AS u dhiganta. iBGP waxa loo habeeyey inta u dhaxaysa VRF-yada. Shirkaddu waxay leedahay ciwaano cadcad oo lagu daabacay VRF-INTERNETkan. Qaar ka mid ah ciwaanada cadaanka ah ayaa si toos ah loogu sii gudbiyaa FW-CLUSTER (cinwaannada ay ku shaqeeyaan adeegyada shirkadu), qaar waxa la sii maraa aagga EXCHANGE (adeegyada shirkadaha gudaha ee u baahan ciwaannada IP-ga ee dibadda, iyo ciwaannada NAT ee dibadda ee xafiisyada). Marka xigta, taraafikada waxay aadaysaa jiheeyayaasha farsamada ee laga sameeyay L3-CORE oo leh cinwaano cad iyo cawl (aaga amniga).

Shabakadda Maareynta waxay isticmaashaa furayaal u go'ay waxayna matalaysaa shabakad jir ahaan go'an. Shabakadda maamulka waxa kale oo loo qaybiyaa aagagga ammaanka.
Router-ka EMERGENCY jir ahaan iyo caqli ahaan wuxuu nuqul ka dhigaa FW-CLUSTER. Dhammaan is-dhexgalka ku yaal waa naafo marka laga reebo kuwa eegaya shabakadda maamulka.

Automation iyo sharraxaaddiisa

Waxaan ogaanay sida shabakadu u shaqeyso. Hadda aan si tallaabo-tallaabo ah u eegno waxa aan samayn doono si aan gaadiidka FW-CLUSTER uga wareejino xaalad degdeg ah:

  1. Waxaan ka joojinaa is-dhexgalka ku yaal furaha muhiimka ah (L3-CORE) ee ku xira FW-CLUSTER;
  2. Waxa aanu joojinaa is-dhex-gallada ku yaal beddelka kernel-ka L2-MGMT ee ku xidha FW-CLUSTER;
  3. Waxaan u habaynaynaa router EMERGENCY (sida caadiga ah, dhammaan is-dhexgalka way naafo yihiin, marka laga reebo kuwa la xidhiidha L2-MGMT):

  • Waxaan awoodnaa is-dhexgalka xaaladaha degdegga ah;
  • Waxaan u habeyneynaa cinwaanka IP-ga ee dibadda (NAT) kaas oo ku yaal FW-Cluster;
  • Waxaan abuurnaa codsiyada gARP si cinwaanada poppy ee miisaska L3-CORE laga beddelo FW-Cluster loona beddelo xaalad degdeg ah;
  • Waxaan u diwaangelineynaa dariiqa caadiga ah si aan caadi ahayn BRD-01, BRD-02;
  • Abuur xeerarka NAT;
  • Ku Kordhi Aagga OSPF XAALADDA DEGDEGGA AH 1;
  • Ku Kordhi Aagga OSPF XAALADDA DEGDEGGA AH 2;
  • Waxaan bedelnaa qiimaha waddooyinka ee Aagga 1 ilaa 10;
  • Waxaan bedelnaa qiimaha dariiqa caadiga ah ee Aagga 1 ilaa 10;
  • Waxaan u beddelnaa cinwaannada IP-ga ee la xidhiidha L2-MGMT (kuwa ku jiray FW-CLUSTER);
  • Waxaan abuurnaa codsiyada gARP si ciwaannada poppy-ga ee miisaska L2-MGMT laga beddelo FW-CLUSTER loona beddelo xaalad degdeg ah.

Mar labaad, waxaan ku laabaneynaa qaabeynta asalka ah ee dhibaatada. Saddexda subaxnimo, diiqad aad u weyn, qalad marxalad kasta oo la sameeyo waxay u horseedi kartaa dhibaatooyin cusub. Diyaar ma u tahay inaad amarrada ku qorto CLI? Haa? Hagaag, ugu yaraan biyo raaci wejigaaga, cab xoogaa qaxwo ah oo ururso awooddaada.
Bruce, fadlan caawi ragga.

Automation Network. Kiis ka yimid nolosha qofka

Hagaag, waxaan sii wadeynaa hagaajinta otomaatiga.
Hoos waxaa ku yaal jaantuska sida buug-ciyaareedku u shaqeeyo ereyo macquul ah. Qorshahani waxa uu ka tarjumayaa waxa aynu kor ku soo sharaxnay, waa uun fulin gaar ah oo ku jira Aansible.
Automation Network. Kiis ka yimid nolosha qofka

Marxaladdan, waxaan ogaannay waxa loo baahan yahay in la qabto, waxaan sameynay buug-ciyaar, waxaan sameynay imtixaan, hadda waxaan diyaar u nahay inaan daahfurno.

Muuqaal kale oo yar oo muusiko ah. Fududeynta sheekadu waa inaysan ku marin habaabin. Habka qorista buugaagta ciyaartu ma ahayn mid fudud oo degdeg ah sida ay u muuqato. Tijaabadu waxay qaadatay waqti aad u badan, istaajin muuqaal ah ayaa la sameeyay, xalka marar badan ayaa la tijaabiyay, ilaa 100 imtixaan ayaa la sameeyay.

Aan bilowno... Waxaa jira dareen ah in wax walba ay si tartiib tartiib ah u dhacayaan, waxaa jira qalad meel ka mid ah, wax ma shaqeyn doonaan dhamaadka. Dareenka ku boodboodka baarashuudka, laakiin barashuudku ma rabo in uu isla markiiba furo ... tani waa caadi.

Marka xigta, waxaan akhrinay natiijada hawlgallada la sameeyay ee buug-ciyaaraha macquulka ah (cinwaannada IP-ga waxaa loo beddelay ujeeddooyin sir ah):

[xxx@emergency ansible]$ ansible-playbook -i /etc/ansible/inventories/prod_inventory.ini /etc/ansible/playbooks/emergency_on.yml 

PLAY [------->Emergency on VCF] ********************************************************

TASK [vcf_junos_emergency_on : Disable PROD interfaces to FW-CLUSTER] *********************
changed: [vcf]

PLAY [------->Emergency on MGMT-CORE] ************************************************

TASK [mgmt_junos_emergency_on : Disable MGMT interfaces to FW-CLUSTER] ******************
changed: [m9-03-sw-03-mgmt-core]

PLAY [------->Emergency on] ****************************************************

TASK [mk_routeros_emergency_on : Enable EXT-INTERNET interface] **************************
changed: [m9-04-r-04]

TASK [mk_routeros_emergency_on : Generate gARP for EXT-INTERNET interface] ****************
changed: [m9-04-r-04]

TASK [mk_routeros_emergency_on : Enable static default route to EXT-INTERNET] ****************
changed: [m9-04-r-04]

TASK [mk_routeros_emergency_on : Change NAT rule to EXT-INTERNET interface] ****************
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item=12)
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item=14)
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item=15)
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item=16)
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item=17)

TASK [mk_routeros_emergency_on : Enable OSPF Area 1 PROD] ******************************
changed: [m9-04-r-04]

TASK [mk_routeros_emergency_on : Enable OSPF Area 2 MGMT] *****************************
changed: [m9-04-r-04]

TASK [mk_routeros_emergency_on : Change OSPF Area 1 interfaces costs to 10] *****************
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item=VLAN-1001)
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item=VLAN-1002)
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item=VLAN-1003)
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item=VLAN-1004)
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item=VLAN-1005)
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item=VLAN-1006)
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item=VLAN-1007)
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item=VLAN-1008)
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item=VLAN-1009)
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item=VLAN-1010)
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item=VLAN-1011)
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item=VLAN-1012)
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item=VLAN-1013)
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item=VLAN-1100)

TASK [mk_routeros_emergency_on : Change OSPF area1 default cost for to 10] ******************
changed: [m9-04-r-04]

TASK [mk_routeros_emergency_on : Change MGMT interfaces ip addresses] ********************
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item={u'ip': u'х.х.n.254', u'name': u'VLAN-803'})
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item={u'ip': u'х.х.n+1.254', u'name': u'VLAN-805'})
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item={u'ip': u'х.х.n+2.254', u'name': u'VLAN-807'})
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item={u'ip': u'х.х.n+3.254', u'name': u'VLAN-809'})
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item={u'ip': u'х.х.n+4.254', u'name': u'VLAN-820'})
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item={u'ip': u'х.х.n+5.254', u'name': u'VLAN-822'})
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item={u'ip': u'х.х.n+6.254', u'name': u'VLAN-823'})
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item={u'ip': u'х.х.n+7.254', u'name': u'VLAN-824'})
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item={u'ip': u'х.х.n+8.254', u'name': u'VLAN-850'})
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item={u'ip': u'х.х.n+9.254', u'name': u'VLAN-851'})
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item={u'ip': u'х.х.n+10.254', u'name': u'VLAN-852'})
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item={u'ip': u'х.х.n+11.254', u'name': u'VLAN-853'})
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item={u'ip': u'х.х.n+12.254', u'name': u'VLAN-870'})
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item={u'ip': u'х.х.n+13.254', u'name': u'VLAN-898'})
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item={u'ip': u'х.х.n+14.254', u'name': u'VLAN-899'})

TASK [mk_routeros_emergency_on : Generate gARPs for MGMT interfaces] *********************
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item={u'ip': u'х.х.n.254', u'name': u'VLAN-803'})
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item={u'ip': u'х.х.n+1.254', u'name': u'VLAN-805'})
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item={u'ip': u'х.х.n+2.254', u'name': u'VLAN-807'})
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item={u'ip': u'х.х.n+3.254', u'name': u'VLAN-809'})
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item={u'ip': u'х.х.n+4.254', u'name': u'VLAN-820'})
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item={u'ip': u'х.х.n+5.254', u'name': u'VLAN-822'})
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item={u'ip': u'х.х.n+6.254', u'name': u'VLAN-823'})
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item={u'ip': u'х.х.n+7.254', u'name': u'VLAN-824'})
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item={u'ip': u'х.х.n+8.254', u'name': u'VLAN-850'})
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item={u'ip': u'х.х.n+9.254', u'name': u'VLAN-851'})
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item={u'ip': u'х.х.n+10.254', u'name': u'VLAN-852'})
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item={u'ip': u'х.х.n+11.254', u'name': u'VLAN-853'})
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item={u'ip': u'х.х.n+12.254', u'name': u'VLAN-870'})
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item={u'ip': u'х.х.n+13.254', u'name': u'VLAN-898'})
changed: [m9-04-r-04] => (item={u'ip': u'х.х.n+14.254', u'name': u'VLAN-899'})

PLAY RECAP ************************************************************************

Doon!

Dhab ahaantii, ma aha mid aad u diyaarsan, ha iloobin isku dhafka borotokoolka jiheynta firfircoon iyo ku shubida tiro badan oo waddooyin ah FIB. Sinaba uma saameyn karno arrintan. Waanu sugaynaa. Waa laga shaqeeyay. Hadda waa diyaar.

Iyo tuulada Vilabajo (oo aan rabin in ay si otomaatig ah u dejiso dejinta shabakadda) waxay sii wadaan inay dhaqdaan suxuunta. Bruce (la qirayo, mar horeba wuu ka duwan yahay, laakiin ma yara qabow) wuxuu isku dayayaa inuu fahmo inta badan ee dib-u-habaynta gacanta ee qalabka ayaa dhici doonta.

Automation Network. Kiis ka yimid nolosha qofka

Waxaan sidoo kale jeclaan lahaa inaan ku dheeraado hal qodob oo muhiim ah. Sideen wax walba u soo celin karnaa? Muddo ka dib, waxaan dib u soo noolayn doonaa FW-CLUSTER. Tani waa qalabka ugu muhiimsan, maaha kayd, shabakadu waa inay ku shaqeysaa.

Ma dareentay sida ay shabakadayaashu u bilaabayaan inay gubaan? Daayireektarri Teekniiksii kun dhagaʼuu qabu sababa ta’uusaa kan ta’e, sababa ta’uu isaati. Nasiib darro, tani waa sida ay shabakadu uga shaqeyso xirmo, jajabyo, iyo hadhaagii raaxadeeda hore. Waxay soo baxday in ay tahay daboolka daboolka. Hawshayada guud ahaan, maahan xaaladan gaarka ah, laakiin guud ahaan mabda'a, sida khabiirada IT-ga, waa in la keeno shaqada shabakada ereyga Ingiriisiga ee quruxda badan "consistency", waa mid aad u badan, waxaa loo turjumi karaa sida: isku xirnaanta , joogtayn, caqli-gal, isku-duubni, nidaamsanaan, isbarbardhig, isku-duubni. Waa isaga oo dhan. Kaliya gobolkan ayaa shabakadu tahay mid la maareyn karo, waxaan si cad u fahamsanahay waxa shaqeynaya iyo sida, waxaan si cad u fahamsanahay waxa loo baahan yahay in la beddelo, haddii loo baahdo, waxaan si cad u ognahay halka aan ka eegno haddii dhibaatooyin soo baxaan. Oo kaliya shabakadan oo kale waxaad samayn kartaa khiyaamo sida kuwa aan soo sheegnay.

Dhab ahaantii, buug-ciyaareed kale ayaa la diyaariyey, kaas oo ku soo celiyay habayntu sidii ay ahaan jireen. Caqliga hawl-galkeedu waa isku mid (waa muhiim in la xasuusnaado in sida hawluhu u kala horreeyaan ay aad muhiim u yihiin), si aan loo dheerayn maqaal hore oo aad u dheer, waxaanu go'aansanay in aanaan dhajin liiska fulinta buugga-ciyaaraha. Ka dib markaad sameyso jimicsiyadan oo kale, waxaad dareemi doontaa xasillooni iyo kalsooni mustaqbalka ah, intaa waxaa dheer, wax kasta oo kalluun ah oo aad halkaas ku soo ururisay isla markiiba waxay muujin doonaan naftooda.

Qof kasta ayaa noo qori kara oo heli kara ilaha dhammaan koodka qoran, oo ay la socdaan dhammaan buugaagta palybooks. Xidhiidhada profile.

natiijooyinka

Fikradeena, hababka lagu samayn karo otomaatig ah ayaan weli crystallized. Anagoo ka duulayna wixii aanu la kulanay iyo waxa ay saaxiibadeen reer Galbeedku ka wada hadlayaan, waxa ilaa hadda muuqda mawduucyada soo socda:

  • Bixinta aaladda;
  • Xog ururin;
  • Warbixinta;
  • Cilad-bixinta;
  • U hoggaansanaanta.

Haddii ay jirto xiiso, waxaan sii wadi karnaa doodaha mid ka mid ah mawduucyada la bixiyay.

Waxaan sidoo kale jeclaan lahaa inaan wax yar ka hadlo otomaatiga. Waxa ay tahay in ay noqoto fahamkeena:

  • Nidaamku waa inuu noolaadaa qof la'aan, halka uu qof hagaajinayo. Nidaamku waa inuusan ku xirnaan aadanaha;
  • Hawlgalku waa inuu noqdaa khabiir. Ma jiro koox takhasus leh oo qabta hawlo caadi ah. Waxaa jira khabiiro si otomaatig ah u sameeyay nidaamka oo dhan oo xalliya kaliya dhibaatooyinka adag;
  • Hawlaha caadiga ah ee caadiga ah si toos ah ayaa loo qabtaa "marka la taabto badhanka", wax agab ah lama lumin. Natiijooyinka hawlahan oo kale had iyo jeer waa la saadaalin karo oo la fahmi karo.

Maxaase la gudboon qodobadani:

  • Daah-furnaanta kaabayaasha IT (khatarta yar ee hawlgalka, casriyeynta, hirgelinta. Hoos u dhac yar sannadkii);
  • Awoodda lagu qorsheynayo ilaha IT-ga (Nidaamka Qorshaynta Awoodda - waxaad arki kartaa inta la isticmaalo, waxaad arki kartaa inta kheyraad ee loo baahan yahay hal nidaam, oo aan ahayn waraaqo iyo booqashooyin waaxyaha ugu sarreeya);
  • Suurtagalnimada in la dhimo tirada shaqaalaha IT-ga.

Qorayaasha maqaalka: Alexander Chelovekov (CCIE RS, CCIE SP) iyo Pavel Kirillov. Waxaan xiisaynaynaa inaan ka hadalno oo aan soo jeedino xalalka mawduuca ku saabsan qalabaynta kaabayaasha IT.


Source: www.habr.com

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