Maalin wanaagsan dhammaan! Waxaan jeclaan lahaa inaan u hibeeyo maqaalkayga ugu horreeya ee habr mawduuc aad u xiiso badan - RIPE Atlas nidaamka ilaalinta tayada Internetka. Qayb ka mid ah goobta aan xiiseeyey waxay khusaysaa daraasadda internetka ama barta internetka (erey si degdeg ah u caan baxaysa, gaar ahaan wareegyada sayniska). Waxaa jira agab badan oo ku jira RIPE Atlas internetka, oo ay ku jiraan habr, laakiin waxay iigu muuqdeen kuwo aan dhammaystirnayn. Inta badan, maqaalku wuxuu isticmaalay macluumaadka bogga rasmiga ah iyo fikirkayga.
Halkii laga jeedin lahaa farta hore
Diiwaangeliyaha internetka ee gobolka (RIR), oo mas'uuliyadiisu ay daboosho Yurub, Aasiyada Dhexe iyo Bariga Dhexe, waa RIPE NCC (Xarunta Isku-dubbaridka Shabakadda Reseaux IP EuropΓ©ens). RIPE NCC waa urur aan faa'iido doon ahayn oo fadhigeedu yahay Nederlaan. Waxay taageertaa internetka. Waxay siisaa ciwaanka IP-ga iyo nambarada nidaamka iskiis u shaqeeya bixiyayaasha internetka iyo ururada waaweyn.
Mid ka mid ah mashaariicda calanka ee RIPE NCC ee loogu talagalay in lagu baaro xaaladda internetka waa RIPE Atlas (laga bilaabo dabayaaqadii 2010), kaas oo ahaa horumarkii Adeegga Cabbirka Taraafiga ee Imtixaanka, kaas oo shaqada joojiyay 2014.
RIPE Atlas waa shabakad caalami ah oo dareemayaasha oo si firfircoon u cabbira xaaladda internetka. Hadda waxa jira kumanaan dareemmo ah oo ku jira shabakadda RIPE Atlas oo tiradoodu si joogto ah u kordheyso. RIPE NCC waxay isu geysaa xogta la ururiyey oo waxay ka dhigtaa mid bilaash ah oo loogu heli karo isticmaalayaasha qaab ku habboon.
Horumarinta shabakadu waxay ku dhacdaa mabda'a ah rakibida ikhtiyaari ah ee dareemayaasha isticmaalayaasha kaabayaasha, kuwaas oo "credits" la soo saaro, kuwaas oo lagu kharash gareyn karo fulinta cabbirada xiisaha iyadoo la adeegsanayo dareemayaasha kale.
Caadi ahaan RIPE Atlas ayaa la isticmaalaa:
- si aad ula socoto helitaanka shabakadaada meelo kala duwan oo internetka ah;
- si aad u baadho oo aad cilad uga saarto shabakadaada imtixaanada isku xidhka degdega ah ee dabacsan;
- nidaamka la socodka shabakadaada;
- si loola socdo helitaanka kaabayaasha DNS;
- Hubinta xidhiidhka IPV6.
Atlas BILAASH
Sidaan horeyba u sheegay, RIPE Atlas waa nidaam dareemayaasha ku yaal internetka oo ku hoos jira hal maamul oo kantarool ah. Marka lagu daro dareemayaasha caadiga ah (Probes), waxaa jira kuwa aad u horumarsan - barroosinno (Barroosin).
Laga bilaabo bartamihii 2020, nidaamka RIPE Atlas wuxuu leeyahay in ka badan 11 kun oo dareemayaal firfircoon iyo in ka badan 650 barroosinno firfircoon ah, kuwaas oo si wada jir ah u soo saara in ka badan 25 kun oo cabbir oo helaya in ka badan 10 kun oo natiijooyin ilbiriqsikii.
Garaafyada hoose waxay muujinayaan koritaanka tirada dareemayaasha iyo barroosinnada.
Tirooyinka soo socdaa waxay muujinayaan khariidad Adduunka oo tilmaamaysa meesha dareemayaasha iyo barroosinnada, siday u kala horreeyaan.
In kasta oo xaaladda gobolka ee RIPE NCC, shabakadda RIPE Atlas waxay dabooshaa ku dhawaad ββadduunka oo dhan, iyadoo Ruushka uu ku jiro 5 ugu sarreeya marka loo eego tirada dareemayaasha la rakibay (568), oo ay weheliso Jarmalka (1562), USA (1440), Faransiiska (925) iyo UK (610).
Xakamaynta adeegayaasha
Marka la baranayo shaqada dareemayaasha, waxaa la ogaaday in ay si joogto ah (4tii daqiiqo kasta) hubiso isgaarsiinta walxaha qaar ee shabakada, oo ay ku jiraan xididka DNS servers iyo noodes leh magacyo domain sida "ctr-sin02.atlas.ripe.net" , Waxaan aaminsanahay , kuwaas oo ah koontaroolayaasha shabakada RIPE Atlas.
Ma helin macluumaadka ku saabsan server-yada kontoroolka bogga rasmiga ah, laakiin waxaa loo qaadan karaa in hawlahooda ay ku jiraan maaraynta dareemayaasha, iyo sidoo kale isku-darka iyo socodsiinta xogta. Haddii malahaygu sax tahay, markaa waxaa jira ugu yaraan 6 server, kuwaas oo 2 ka mid ah ay ku yaalliin USA, 2 Nederland, 1 gudaha Jarmalka, 1 gudaha Singapore. Port 443 waxay u furan tahay dhammaan server-yada.
Haddii qof uu hayo macluumaad dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan server-yada kantaroolka ee shabakadda RIPE Atlas, fadlan caddee arrintan.
Sensor
Dareemaha RIPE Atlas waa qalab yar (TP-Link 3020) kaas oo ku shaqeeya USB oo ku xidha marinka Ethernet ee router-ka isagoo isticmaalaya fiilada shabakadda. Iyadoo ku xiran nooca, shidmahu wuxuu yeelan karaa Atheros AR9331 chipset, 400 MHz, 4 MB flash iyo 32 MB RAM ama MediaNek MT7628NN chipset, 575 MHz, 8 MB flash iyo 64 MB RAM.
Isku-xidhka
Armature-ku waa dareeme la hagaajiyay oo leh waxqabad aad u weyn iyo awood cabbirid. Waa qalab ku jira nooca caadiga ah ee 19-inji ee APU2C2 ama APU2E2 qalabka hardware oo leh 4-core 1 GHz processor, 2 GB RAM, 3 Gigabit Ethernet ports iyo 250 GB SSD drive. .
Rakibaadda iyo maamulka dareemaha
Sidaan horayba u sheegay, dareemayaasha waxaa loo qaybiyaa lacag la'aan ujeedada lagu rakibayo kaabayaashaaga. Markaad codsato dareeme, muuji dalka, magaalada iyo lambarka nidaamka ismaamulka halka uu ku yaalo. Anigoo ka jawaabaya codsigeyga, RIPE NCC waxay soo dirtay fariintan soo socota.
Nasiib darro, codsigaagu ma buuxinayo shuruudahayaga helitaanka dareeraha qalabka wakhtigan. In kasta oo hadafkayagu yahay inaan u qaybinno dareemayaasha RIPE Atlas sida ugu badan ee suurtogalka ah, waxay u muuqataa inay jiraan aalado ku filan oo ku xidhan ASN-ka aad sheegtay, shabakadda aad ka codsatay, ama waddanka aad ka codsatay.
Dhib malahan Xaaladdan oo kale, waxaad ku rakibi kartaa dareeraha software, tusaale ahaan, mashiinka farsamada, server-ka guriga ama router - ma jiraan wax xaddidaad ah oo ku saabsan goobta iyo nidaamka madaxbannaan. CentOS, Debian, Raspbian iyo Turris OS waa la taageeray. Si aad u dirto, waxaad u baahan tahay inaad soo dejiso oo aad rakibto software ku habboon, tusaale ahaan ka .
Ku rakibida dareemaha software waa wax fudud. Tusaale ahaan, si aad ugu rakibto CentOS 8 waxaad u baahan tahay inaad socodsiiso amarada soo socda:
curl -O 'https://ftp.ripe.net/ripe/atlas/software-probe/centos8/noarch/ripe-atlas-repo-1-2.el8.noarch.rpm'yum install ripe-atlas-repo-1-2.el8.noarch.rpm
oo diwaangeli dareeraha, kiiskan waa inaad bixisaa furaha SSH, kaas oo ku yaal /var/atlas-probe/etc/probe_key.pub, iyo sidoo kale muuji lambarka nidaamka ismaamulka iyo magaaladaada. Warqaddu waxay ina xasuusisay baahida loo qabo in si sax ah loo tilmaamo goobta dareemaha.
Maareynta dareemayaasha waxay ku xaddidan tahay awoodda lagu wadaago kheyraadka cabbiraadda isticmaalayaasha kale, habeeyaan ogeysiisyada waqtiga dhimista, iyo sidoo kale dejinta shabakadda caadiga ah (cinwaanka, albaabka caadiga ah, iwm.).
Cabbiraadyada
Ugu dambayntii waxa aanu qaadnay cabbirro. Dejinta hawlaha cabbiraadda waxa laga sameeyaa akoonkaaga gaarka ah. Waxaad sidoo kale arki kartaa natiijada halkaas.
Samaynta hawsha cabbirku waxay ka kooban tahay saddex tallaabo: doorashada nooca cabbirka, doorashada dareenka, doorashada xilliga cabbirka.
Cabbiraadaha waxay noqon karaan noocyada soo socda: ping, traceroute, DNS, SSL, HTTP, NTP. Dejinta faahfaahsan ee nooca cabbiraadda gaarka ah, marka laga reebo kuwa gaarka u ah hab-maamuuska ama utility, waxaa ka mid ah: cinwaanka bartilmaameedka, borotokoolka lakabka shabakadda, tirada xirmooyinka cabbirka iyo waqtiga u dhexeeya cabbirada, cabbirka baakidhka iyo wakhtiga u dhexeeya baakadaha, heerka isbeddelka random ee gudaha wakhtiga bilawga ah ee dirida xirmooyinka.
Dareemayaasha waxaa lagu dooran karaa aqoonsigooda ama waddanka ay ku sugan yihiin, gobolka, nidaamka madaxbannaan, summada, iwm.
Muddada cabbirka waxaa dejiya waqtiyada bilowga iyo dhammaadka.
Natiijooyinka cabbiraadda waxaa laga heli karaa bogga internetka ee akoonkaaga gaarka ah, kaas oo sidoo kale lagu heli karo qaabka json. Guud ahaan, natiijooyinka cabbirku waa tilmaameyaal tiro badan oo tilmaamaya helitaanka nood ama adeeg gaar ah.
Isticmaalaha, suurtogalnimada cabbiraadda waxaa lagu soo bandhigay baaxad ballaaran laakiin aad u xaddidan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa wax iska cad in awoodaha nidaamku ay ku lug leeyihiin soo saarista baakadaha ku dhawaad ββqaabeynta kasta, taas oo furaysa fursado badan oo ballaaran oo lagu cabbiro xaaladda internetka.
Hoos waxaa ku yaal tusaale natiijooyinka cayriin ee hal cabbir iyadoo la adeegsanayo goobaha caadiga ah. Qiyaasaha sida ping, traceroute iyo SSL, ciwaanka IP-ga habr.com ayaa loo doortay bartilmaameedka, DNS wuxuu ahaa cinwaanka IP-ga ee server-ka Google DNS, NTP wuxuu ahaa cinwaanka IP-ga ee server-ka NTP ntp1.stratum2.ru. Dhammaan cabbiraadaha waxay isticmaaleen hal dareeme oo ku yaal Vladivostok.
Ping
[{"fw":4790,"lts":18,"dst_name":"178.248.237.68","af":4,"dst_addr":"178.248.237.68","src_addr":"192.168.0.10","proto":"ICMP","ttl":55,"size":48,"result":[{"rtt":122.062873},{"rtt":121.775641},{"rtt":121.807897}],"dup":0,"rcvd":3,"sent":3,"min":121.775641,"max":122.062873,"avg":121.882137,"msm_id":26273241,"prb_id":4428,"timestamp":1594622562,"msm_name":"Ping","from":"5.100.99.178","type":"ping","group_id":26273241,"step":null,"stored_timestamp":1594622562}]Traceroute
[{"fw":4790,"lts":19,"endtime":1594622643,"dst_name":"178.248.237.68","dst_addr":"178.248.237.68","src_addr":"192.168.0.10","proto":"ICMP","af":4,"size":48,"paris_id":1,"result":[{"hop":1,"result":[{"from":"192.168.0.1","ttl":64,"size":76,"rtt":7.49},{"from":"192.168.0.1","ttl":64,"size":76,"rtt":1.216},{"from":"192.168.0.1","ttl":64,"size":76,"rtt":1.169}]},{"hop":2,"result":[{"from":"5.100.98.1","ttl":254,"size":28,"rtt":1.719},{"from":"5.100.98.1","ttl":254,"size":28,"rtt":1.507},{"from":"5.100.98.1","ttl":254,"size":28,"rtt":1.48}]},---DATA OMITED---,{"hop":10,"result":[{"from":"178.248.237.68","ttl":55,"size":48,"rtt":121.891},{"from":"178.248.237.68","ttl":55,"size":48,"rtt":121.873},{"from":"178.248.237.68","ttl":55,"size":48,"rtt":121.923}]}],"msm_id":26273246,"prb_id":4428,"timestamp":1594622637,"msm_name":"Traceroute","from":"5.100.99.178","type":"traceroute","group_id":26273246,"stored_timestamp":1594622649}]DNS
[{"fw":4790,"lts":146,"dst_addr":"8.8.8.8","af":4,"src_addr":"192.168.0.10","proto":"UDP","result":{"rt":174.552,"size":42,"abuf":"5BGAgAABAAEAAAAABGhhYnIDY29tAAABAAHADAABAAEAAAcmAASy+O1E","ID":58385,"ANCOUNT":1,"QDCOUNT":1,"NSCOUNT":0,"ARCOUNT":0},"msm_id":26289620,"prb_id":4428,"timestamp":1594747880,"msm_name":"Tdig","from":"5.100.99.178","type":"dns","group_id":26289620,"stored_timestamp":1594747883}]SSL
[{"fw":4790,"lts":63,"dst_name":"178.248.237.68","dst_port":"443","method":"TLS","ver":"1.2","dst_addr":"178.248.237.68","af":4,"src_addr":"192.168.0.10","ttc":106.920213,"rt":219.948332,"cert":["-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----nMIIGJzCCBQ+gAwIBAg ---DATA OMITED--- yd/teRCBaho1+Vn-----END CERTIFICATE-----"],"msm_id":26289611,"prb_id":4428,"timestamp":1594747349,"msm_name":"SSLCert","from":"5.100.99.178","type":"sslcert","group_id":26289611,"stored_timestamp":1594747352}]NTP
[{"fw":4790,"lts":72,"dst_name":"88.147.254.230","dst_addr":"88.147.254.230","src_addr":"192.168.0.10","proto":"UDP","af":4,"li":"no","version":4,"mode":"server","stratum":2,"poll":8,"precision":0.0000076294,"root-delay":0.000518799,"root-dispersion":0.0203094,"ref-id":"5893fee5","ref-ts":3803732581.5476198196,"result":[{"origin-ts":3803733082.3982748985,"receive-ts":3803733082.6698465347,"transmit-ts":3803733082.6698560715,"final-ts":3803733082.5099263191,"rtt":0.111643,"offset":-0.21575},{"origin-ts":3803733082.5133042336,"receive-ts":3803733082.7847337723,"transmit-ts":3803733082.7847442627,"final-ts":3803733082.6246700287,"rtt":0.111355,"offset":-0.215752},{"origin-ts":3803733082.6279149055,"receive-ts":3803733082.899283886,"transmit-ts":3803733082.8992962837,"final-ts":3803733082.7392635345,"rtt":0.111337,"offset":-0.2157}],"msm_id":26289266,"prb_id":4428,"timestamp":1594744282,"msm_name":"Ntp","from":"5.100.99.178","type":"ntp","group_id":26289266,"stored_timestamp":1594744289}]gunaanad
Shabakadda RIPE Atlas waa qalab ku habboon oo kuu ogolaanaya inaad la socoto helitaanka walxaha iyo adeegyada internetka waqtiga dhabta ah.
Xogta ay soo saartay shabakadda RIPE Atlas waxay faa'iido u yeelan kartaa hawl-wadeennada isgaarsiinta, cilmi-baarayaasha, bulshada farsamada iyo qof kasta oo xiisaynaya caafimaadka internetka oo doonaya inuu wax badan ka barto qaab-dhismeedka shabakadda ee hoose iyo qulqulka xogta ee taageera internetka heer caalami ah. .
PS RIPE Atlas kaligii ma aha nooceeda, waxaa jira analoog, tusaale ahaan .
Source: www.habr.com