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Abuuritaanka sawirka Ubuntu ee ARM "laga soo bilaabo xoq"

Marka horumarku bilaabmo, inta badan ma cadda baakadaha u tagi doona xididada bartilmaameedka ah.

Si kale haddii loo dhigo, aad ayay goor hore tahay in la qabsado LFS, buildroot ama yocto (ama shay kale), laakiin waxaad mar hore u baahan tahay inaad bilowdo. Kuwa taajiriinta ah (waxaan haystaa 4GB eMMC ee tijaabada tijaabada ah) waxaa jira hab loogu qaybiyo horumarinta qaybinta taas oo u oggolaanaysa inay si dhakhso ah u gaarsiiyaan wax hadda ka maqan, ka dibna waxaan mar walba ururin karnaa liisaska xirmooyinka oo aan abuurno liis xididdada bartilmaameedka.

Maqaalkani maaha mid cusub oo waa tilmaame fudud oo koobi-koobi ah.

Ujeedada maqaalku waa in la dhiso xididada Ubuntu ee looxyada ARM (kiiskeyga, oo ku saleysan Colibri imx7d).

Dhisida muuqaal

Waxaan soo ururinnaa xididdada bartilmaameedka ah si loo soo celiyo.

Furitaanka Saldhigga Ubuntu

Waxaan ku dooranaa sii daynta nafteena iyadoo ku saleysan baahida iyo doorbidkeena. Halkan waxaan ku siiyay 20.

$ mkdir ubuntu20
$ cd ubuntu20
$ mkdir rootfs
$ wget http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-base/releases/20.04/release/ubuntu-base-20.04-base-armhf.tar.gz
$ tar xf ubuntu-base-20.04-base-armhf.tar.gz -C rootfs

Hubinta taageerada BINFMT ee kernelka

Haddii aad leedahay qaybinta guud, markaa waxaa jira taageero BINFMT_MISC wax walbana waa la habeeyey, haddii kale, markaa waxaan hubaa inaad taqaanid sida loo suurtageliyo taageerada BINFMT ee kernel-ka.

Hubi in BINFMT_MISC ay daaran tahay kernelka:

$ zcat /proc/config.gz | grep BINFMT
CONFIG_BINFMT_ELF=y
CONFIG_COMPAT_BINFMT_ELF=y
CONFIG_BINFMT_SCRIPT=y
CONFIG_BINFMT_MISC=y

Hadda waxaad u baahan tahay inaad hubiso dejinta:

$ ls /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc
qemu-arm  register  status
$ cat /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/qemu-arm
enabled
interpreter /usr/bin/qemu-arm
flags: OC
offset 0
magic 7f454c4601010100000000000000000002002800
mask ffffffffffffff00fffffffffffffffffeffffff

Waxaad iska diiwaan gelin kartaa adigoo isticmaalaya, tusaale ahaan, waa kuwan tilmaamahan.

Dejinta gacanta qemu taagan

Hadda waxaan u baahanahay tusaale qemu ah oo la isku duba riday.

!!! FIIRO GAAR AH!!!
Haddii aad qorsheyneyso inaad isticmaasho weel si aad wax u dhisto, fiiri:
https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=23960
https://bugs.launchpad.net/qemu/+bug/1805913
Kadib x86_64 martigeliyaha iyo cududda martida waxaad u baahan tahay inaad isticmaasho nooca i386 ee qemu:
http://ftp.ru.debian.org/debian/pool/main/q/qemu/qemu-user-static_5.0-13_i386.deb

$ wget http://ftp.debian.org/debian/pool/main/q/qemu/qemu-user-static_5.0-13_amd64.deb
$ alient -t qemu-user-static_5.0-13_amd64.deb
# ΠΏΡƒΡ‚ΡŒ Π² rootfs ΠΈ имя исполняСмого Ρ„Π°ΠΉΠ»Π° Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ с /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/qemu-arm
$ mkdir qemu
$ tar xf qemu-user-static-5.0.tgz -C qemu
$ file qemu/usr/bin/qemu-arm-static
qemu/usr/bin/qemu-arm-static: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (GNU/Linux), statically linked, BuildID[sha1]=be45f9a321cccc5c139cc1991a4042907f9673b6, for GNU/Linux 3.2.0, stripped
$ cp qemu/usr/bin/qemu-arm-static rootfs/usr/bin/qemu-arm
$ file rootfs/usr/bin/qemu-arm
rootfs/usr/bin/qemu-arm: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (GNU/Linux), statically linked, BuildID[sha1]=be45f9a321cccc5c139cc1991a4042907f9673b6, for GNU/Linux 3.2.0, stripped

xidid

Qoraal fudud:

ch-buur.sh

#!/bin/bash

function mnt() {
    echo "MOUNTING"
    sudo mount -t proc /proc proc
    sudo mount --rbind /sys sys
    sudo mount --make-rslave sys
    sudo mount --rbind /dev dev
    sudo mount --make-rslave dev
    sudo mount -o bind /dev/pts dev/pts
    sudo chroot 
}

function umnt() {
    echo "UNMOUNTING"
    sudo umount proc
    sudo umount sys
    sudo umount dev/pts
    sudo umount dev

}

if [ "$1" == "-m" ] && [ -n "$2" ] ;
then
    mnt $1 $2
elif [ "$1" == "-u" ] && [ -n "$2" ];
then
    umnt $1 $2
else
    echo ""
    echo "Either 1'st, 2'nd or both parameters were missing"
    echo ""
    echo "1'st parameter can be one of these: -m(mount) OR -u(umount)"
    echo "2'nd parameter is the full path of rootfs directory(with trailing '/')"
    echo ""
    echo "For example: ch-mount -m /media/sdcard/"
    echo ""
    echo 1st parameter : 
    echo 2nd parameter : 
fi

Waxaan la dhacsanahay natiijada:

$ ./ch-mount.sh -m rootfs/
# cat /etc/os-release
NAME="Ubuntu"
VERSION="20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa)"
ID=ubuntu
ID_LIKE=debian
PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 20.04 LTS"
VERSION_ID="20.04"
HOME_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/"
SUPPORT_URL="https://help.ubuntu.com/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/"
PRIVACY_POLICY_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/legal/terms-and-policies/privacy-policy"
VERSION_CODENAME=focal
UBUNTU_CODENAME=focal
# uname -a
Linux NShubin 5.5.9-gentoo-x86_64 #1 SMP PREEMPT Mon Mar 16 14:34:52 MSK 2020 armv7l armv7l armv7l GNU/Linux

Kaliya madadaalo, aan cabbirno cabbirka ka hor iyo ka dib rakibidda ugu yar (aniga) xirmooyinka xirmooyinka:

# du -d 0 -h / 2>/dev/null
63M     /

Aan cusbooneysiinno:

# apt update
# apt upgrade --yes

Aan rakibno xirmooyinka aan xiisayno:

# SYSTEMD_IGNORE_CHROOT=yes apt install --yes autoconf kmod socat ifupdown ethtool iputils-ping net-tools ssh g++ iproute2 dhcpcd5 incron ser2net udev systemd gcc minicom vim cmake make mtd-utils util-linux git strace gdb libiio-dev iiod

Faylasha madaxa Kernel iyo cutubyadu waa arrin gooni ah. Dabcan, ma rakibi doono bootloader, kernel, modules, geedka qalabka iyada oo loo sii marayo Ubuntu. Dibadda ayay nooga iman doonaan ama waanu isu soo ururin doonnaa ama waxa na siin doona guddida soo saarta, si kastaba ha ahaatee tani way ka baxsan tahay xadka tilmaamahan.

Ilaa xad, kala duwanaanshaha nooca waa la aqbali karaa, laakiin waxa fiican in laga soo qaado dhismaha kernel-ka.

# apt install --yes linux-headers-generic

Bal aan aragno sida ay wax u dhaceen oo ay wax badan noqdeen:

# apt clean
# du -d 0 -h / 2>/dev/null
770M    /

Ha ilaawin inaad dejiso furaha sirta ah.

Baakaynta sawirka

$ sudo tar -C rootfs --transform "s|^./||" --numeric-owner --owner=0 --group=0 -c ./ | tar --delete ./ | gzip > rootfs.tar.gz

Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaan ku rakibi karnaa etckeeper leh goobta autopush

Hagaag, aynu nidhaahno waxaanu qaybinay golahayaga, shaqadu waxay ku bilaabatay sida ugu wanaagsan ee loo ururin karo noocyada dambe ee nidaamkayaga.

iwm ilaaliye ayaa noo iman kara gargaar.

Badbaadadu waa arrin shakhsi ah:

  • waxaad ilaalin kartaa laamaha qaarkood
  • u samee fure u gaar ah qalab kasta
  • naafo riix riix
  • iwm. ...
# ssh-keygen
# apt install etckeeper
# etckeeper init
# cd /etc
# git remote add origin ...

Aynu samayno autopush

Waxaan, dabcan, hore u abuuri karnaa laamo qalabka (aan nidhaahno waxaan samaynaa qoraal ama adeeg kaas oo socon doona marka ugu horeysa ee la bilaabo).

# cat /etc/etckeeper/etckeeper.conf
PUSH_REMOTE="origin"

Mise waxaan samayn karnaa wax ka caqli badan...

Hab caajisnimo

Aynu haysano nooc ka mid ah aqoonsiga gaarka ah, aynu nidhaahno lambarka taxanaha ah ee processor-ka (si fiican, ama MAC - shirkado halis ah ayaa iibsanaya tirada):

bisad / proc / cpuinfo

# cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor       : 0
model name      : ARMv7 Processor rev 5 (v7l)
BogoMIPS        : 60.36
Features        : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm 
CPU implementer : 0x41
CPU architecture: 7
CPU variant     : 0x0
CPU part        : 0xc07
CPU revision    : 5

processor       : 1
model name      : ARMv7 Processor rev 5 (v7l)
BogoMIPS        : 60.36
Features        : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm 
CPU implementer : 0x41
CPU architecture: 7
CPU variant     : 0x0
CPU part        : 0xc07
CPU revision    : 5

Hardware        : Freescale i.MX7 Dual (Device Tree)
Revision        : 0000
Serial          : 06372509

Kadibna waxaan u isticmaali karnaa magaca laanta aan riixi doono:

# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep Serial | cut -d':' -f 2 | tr -d [:blank:]
06372509

Aan abuurno qoraal fudud:

# cat /etc/etckeeper/commit.d/40myown-push
#!/bin/sh
set -e

if [ "$VCS" = git ] && [ -d .git ]; then
  branch=$(cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep Serial | cut -d':' -f 2 | tr -d [:blank:])
  cd /etc/
  git push origin master:${branch}
fi

Taasina waa dhan - muddo ka dib waxaan eegi karnaa isbeddelada oo aan abuurno liiska baakadaha loogu talagalay firmware bartilmaameedka.

Agabka lagu taliyay

BINFMT_MISC
Taageerada Kernel ee Qaababka Binary ee kala duwan (binfmt_misc)
Iskudubarid qemu user chroot
Dhisidda xididada Ubuntu ee ARM
Sida loo abuuro Ubuntu caadada u ah si toos ah meel eber ah
Crossdev qemu-static-user-chroot
iwm ilaaliye

getdents64 dhibaato

readdir() waxa uu ku soo celiyaa NULL (errno=EOVERFLOW) 32-bit user-static qemu ee 64-bit host
Ext4 64-bit xashiishku wuxuu jabiyaa 32-bit glibc 2.28+
compiler_id_detection wuu ku guuldareystaa armhf marka la isticmaalayo ku dayashada isticmaale-hab QEMU
CMake si sax ah uguma shaqeeyo qemu-gacanta

Source: www.habr.com