TL, DR: Maqaalku wuxuu ka hadlayaa hab ku habboon, dhakhso leh oo la isku halleyn karo oo lagu aqoonsan karo barnaamijyada Linux ee ku qora xogta diskka, taas oo ka caawisa aqoonsiga culeyska weyn ama aan caadiga ahayn ee nidaamka hoose ee diskka, sidoo kale wuxuu kuu ogolaanayaa inaad qiyaasto dusha sare ee nidaamka faylka. Tani waxay si gaar ah run ugu tahay SSD-yada ku jira kombuyuutarrada, EMMC-yada, iyo xusuusta Flash ee kumbiyuutarrada sabuuradaha ee hal-abuurka ah.
Intii aan qorayay maqaalkan, waxaan ogaaday in qorista dhowr kiiloobytes oo xog ah nidaamka faylka BTRFS ay keento qorista 3 megabyte ee xogta dhabta ah saxanka.
Horudhac
"Oh, wax aan macno lahayn, unugyada xusuusta ee SSD-yada casriga ah way fashilmi doonaan ka dib tobanaan sano oo isticmaalka caadiga ah, ha ka welwelin, wax ka beddelka wareejinta, mashiinnada farsamada iyo faylka browserka ee HDD" - jawaabta caadiga ah ee su'aasha ku saabsan isku halaynta wadiiqooyinka adag ee gobolka oo leh dammaanad β150 TBW ah. Haddii aad qiyaasto inta xog ee software-ka caadiga ah uu qori karo, waxay u muuqataa in 10-20 GB maalintii ay horeyba u tahay tiro weyn, ha ahaado ugu badnaan 40 GB, wax ka badan. Marka la eego tirooyinkan, jawaabtu waa macquul - waxay qaadataa 10 sano si loo gaaro dammaanad qaaday qiyamka tirada unugyada dib loo qoray, oo leh 40 GB ee xogta la duubay maalin kasta.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, 6 sano gudahood waxaan horeyba u isticmaalayaa SSD-ga saddexaad: kantaroolaha kii hore ayaa ku guuldareystay, kan labaadna wuxuu bilaabay inuu u gudbiyo xogta unugyo dhowr jeer maalintii, taas oo keentay in 30-ilbiriqsi dib u dhac ku yimaado adeegga duubista.
Kadib 7 bilood oo aan isticmaalayey SSD-ka cusub, waxaan go'aansaday in aan hubiyo cadadka xogta la qoray, sida uu sheegay darawalka laftiisa isaga oo isticmaalaya SMART.
19.7 TB
Kaliya 7 bilood gudahood, waxaan isticmaalay 13% ee qaddarka dammaanadda ah ee xogta la duubay, in kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in loo qaabeeyey si waafaqsan talooyinka la isku waafajinayo qaybaha iyo dejinta FS, ku dhawaad ββββwaligey ma isticmaalin isweydaarsiga, saxanka mashiinka farsamada ayaa ku yaal. HDD ku jira!
Kani waa tiro aan caadi ahayn oo weyn; heerkan, dammaanadda TBW waa la dhaafi doonaa ka hor inta aan la gaarin xilliga dammaanadda diskka ee 5-ta sano ah. Kombiyuutarkaygu ma qori karo 93 gigabytes maalintii! Waxaan u baahanahay inaan hubino inta xogta lagu qoray saxanka 10 daqiiqo gudahood...
Total:
Writes Queued: 24,712, 2,237MiB
Writes Completed: 25,507, 2,237MiB
Write Merges: 58, 5,472KiB
2.2 GiB, ah-ho-ho!
Go'aaminta cadadka xogta lagu qoray aalada saxanka
Haddii aaladdaadu taageerto SMART (SSD, EMMC, MicroSD warshadaha qaarkood), markaa waxa ugu horreeya ee ay tahay inaad sameyso waa inaad ka codsato xogta darawalka adoo adeegsanaya barnaamijyada smartctl, skdump ama mmc (ka mmc-utils).
Tusaalaha wax soo saarka ee barnaamijka smartctl
$ sudo smartctl -a /dev/sdb
smartctl 7.0 2019-03-31 r4903 [x86_64-linux-5.3.11-200.fc30.x86_64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-18, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Samsung based SSDs
Device Model: Samsung SSD 860 EVO mSATA 250GB
Serial Number: S41MNC0KA13477K
LU WWN Device Id: 5 002538 e700fa64b
Firmware Version: RVT41B6Q
User Capacity: 250β―059β―350β―016 bytes [250 GB]
Sector Size: 512 bytes logical/physical
Rotation Rate: Solid State Device
Form Factor: mSATA
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ACS-4 T13/BSR INCITS 529 revision 5
SATA Version is: SATA 3.1, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 3.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Tue Nov 19 01:48:50 2019 MSK
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x00) Offline data collection activity
was never started.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( 0) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x53) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
No Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
No Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 85) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x003d) SCT Status supported.
SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 1
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 100 100 010 Pre-fail Always - 0
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 098 098 000 Old_age Always - 5171
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 099 099 000 Old_age Always - 459
177 Wear_Leveling_Count 0x0013 096 096 000 Pre-fail Always - 62
179 Used_Rsvd_Blk_Cnt_Tot 0x0013 100 100 010 Pre-fail Always - 0
181 Program_Fail_Cnt_Total 0x0032 100 100 010 Old_age Always - 0
182 Erase_Fail_Count_Total 0x0032 100 100 010 Old_age Always - 0
183 Runtime_Bad_Block 0x0013 100 100 010 Pre-fail Always - 0
187 Uncorrectable_Error_Cnt 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0032 058 039 000 Old_age Always - 42
195 ECC_Error_Rate 0x001a 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
199 CRC_Error_Count 0x003e 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
235 POR_Recovery_Count 0x0012 099 099 000 Old_age Always - 29
241 Total_LBAs_Written 0x0032 099 099 000 Old_age Always - 38615215765
SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
No self-tests have been logged. [To run self-tests, use: smartctl -t]
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.SSD-daydu waxay kaydisaa cadadka xogta ku qoran xadka 241 Total_LBAs_Written, oo ku jira blocks macquul ah (LBA) halkii ay ka ahaan lahayd bytes. Cabbirka xannibaadda macquulka ah ee kiiskeyga waa 512 bytes (waxaa lagu arki karaa wax soo saarka smartctl, ee Sector Size). Si aad u hesho bytes, waxaad u baahan tahay inaad ku dhufato qiimaha cabbirka 512.
38615215765 Γ 512 Γ· 1000 Γ· 1000 Γ· 1000 Γ· 1000 = 19,770 Π’Π
38615215765 Γ 512 Γ· 1024 Γ· 1024 Γ· 1024 Γ· 1024 = 17,981 Π’ΠΈΠBarnaamijka skdump SSD-kayga waxay isku daydaa inay si uun u fasirto Total_LBAs_Qiimaha qoran, waana sababta ay u soo bandhigayso 1296217.695 TB, taas oo iska cad khalad.
Si loo ogaado cadadka macluumaadka lagu duubay heerka qalabka, waxaan isticmaali doonaa barnaamijka btrace ka xirmada blktrace. Waxay tusinaysaa labadaba tirakoobka guud ee wakhtiga barnaamijku socday oo dhan, iyo habab gaar ah iyo dunta (ay ku jiraan kernels) ee sameeyay duubista.
Ku socodsii amarka soo socda si aad u ururiso macluumaadka 10 daqiiqo, halka / dev/sdb uu yahay diskkaaga:
# btrace -w 600 -a write /dev/sdbSoo saarida amarka caadiga ah
β¦
8,16 0 3253 50.085433192 0 C WS 125424240 + 64 [0]
8,16 0 3254 50.085550024 0 C WS 193577744 + 64 [0]
8,16 0 3255 50.085685165 0 C WS 197246976 + 64 [0]
8,16 0 3256 50.085936852 0 C WS 125736264 + 128 [0]
8,16 0 3257 50.086060780 0 C WS 96261752 + 64 [0]
8,16 0 3258 50.086195031 0 C WS 94948640 + 64 [0]
8,16 0 3259 50.086327355 0 C WS 124656144 + 64 [0]
8,16 0 3260 50.086843733 15368 C WSM 310218496 + 32 [0]
8,16 0 3261 50.086975238 753 A WSM 310218368 + 32 <- (8,20) 291339904
8,16 0 3262 50.086975560 753 Q WSM 310218368 + 32 [dmcrypt_write/2]
8,16 0 3263 50.086977345 753 G WSM 310218368 + 32 [dmcrypt_write/2]
8,16 0 3264 50.086978072 753 I WSM 310218368 + 32 [dmcrypt_write/2]
8,16 0 3265 50.086979159 753 D WSM 310218368 + 32 [dmcrypt_write/2]
8,16 0 3266 50.087055685 0 C WSM 310218368 + 32 [0]
8,16 0 3267 50.087060168 753 A WSM 310218592 + 160 <- (8,20) 291340128
8,16 0 3268 50.087060367 753 Q WSM 310218592 + 160 [dmcrypt_write/2]
8,16 0 3269 50.087061242 753 G WSM 310218592 + 160 [dmcrypt_write/2]
8,16 0 3270 50.087061698 753 I WSM 310218592 + 160 [dmcrypt_write/2]
8,16 0 3271 50.087062361 753 D WSM 310218592 + 160 [dmcrypt_write/2]
8,16 0 3272 50.087386179 0 C WSM 310218592 + 160 [0]
8,16 0 3273 50.087436417 15368 A FWS 0 + 0 <- (253,1) 0
8,16 0 3274 50.087437471 15368 Q FWS [LS Thread]
8,16 0 3275 50.087440862 15368 G FWS [LS Thread]
8,16 0 3276 50.088300047 0 C WS 0 [0]
8,16 0 3277 50.088470917 753 A WFSM 18882688 + 8 <- (8,20) 4224
8,16 0 3278 50.088471091 753 Q WFSM 18882688 + 8 [dmcrypt_write/2]
8,16 0 3279 50.088471688 753 G WFSM 18882688 + 8 [dmcrypt_write/2]
8,16 0 3280 50.088474334 32254 D WSM 18882688 + 8 [kworker/0:2H]
8,16 0 3281 50.088515572 0 C WSM 18882688 + 8 [0]
8,16 0 3282 50.089229069 0 C WSM 18882688 [0]
CPU0 (8,16):
Reads Queued: 0, 0KiB Writes Queued: 345, 25,932KiB
Read Dispatches: 0, 0KiB Write Dispatches: 331, 25,788KiB
Reads Requeued: 0 Writes Requeued: 0
Reads Completed: 0, 0KiB Writes Completed: 1,597, 117,112KiB
Read Merges: 0, 0KiB Write Merges: 1, 16KiB
Read depth: 0 Write depth: 177
IO unplugs: 0 Timer unplugs: 0
CPU1 (8,16):
Reads Queued: 0, 0KiB Writes Queued: 502, 39,948KiB
Read Dispatches: 0, 0KiB Write Dispatches: 495, 40,076KiB
Reads Requeued: 0 Writes Requeued: 0
Reads Completed: 0, 0KiB Writes Completed: 0, 0KiB
Read Merges: 0, 0KiB Write Merges: 0, 0KiB
Read depth: 0 Write depth: 177
IO unplugs: 0 Timer unplugs: 0
CPU2 (8,16):
Reads Queued: 0, 0KiB Writes Queued: 297, 26,800KiB
Read Dispatches: 0, 0KiB Write Dispatches: 287, 26,800KiB
Reads Requeued: 0 Writes Requeued: 0
Reads Completed: 0, 0KiB Writes Completed: 0, 0KiB
Read Merges: 0, 0KiB Write Merges: 0, 0KiB
Read depth: 0 Write depth: 177
IO unplugs: 0 Timer unplugs: 0
CPU3 (8,16):
Reads Queued: 0, 0KiB Writes Queued: 418, 24,432KiB
Read Dispatches: 0, 0KiB Write Dispatches: 408, 24,448KiB
Reads Requeued: 0 Writes Requeued: 0
Reads Completed: 0, 0KiB Writes Completed: 0, 0KiB
Read Merges: 0, 0KiB Write Merges: 2, 272KiB
Read depth: 0 Write depth: 177
IO unplugs: 0 Timer unplugs: 0
Total (8,16):
Reads Queued: 0, 0KiB Writes Queued: 1,562, 117,112KiB
Read Dispatches: 0, 0KiB Write Dispatches: 1,521, 117,112KiB
Reads Requeued: 0 Writes Requeued: 0
Reads Completed: 0, 0KiB Writes Completed: 1,597, 117,112KiB
Read Merges: 0, 0KiB Write Merges: 3, 288KiB
IO unplugs: 0 Timer unplugs: 0
Throughput (R/W): 0KiB/s / 2,338KiB/s
Events (8,16): 9,287 entries
Skips: 0 forward (0 - 0.0%)
btrace Waxay kuu ogolaaneysaa inaad si cad u aragto qadarka dhabta ah ee xogta la duubay, laakiin way adagtahay in la fahmo barnaamijyada laga duubayo wax soo saarkeeda.
Go'aaminta barnaamijyada u qora darawalka
Barnaamijka iotop wuxuu tusi doonaa hababka wax loogu qoro saxanka iyo cabbirka xogta qoran.
Wax soo saarka ugu habboon waxaa bixiya cabbirada soo socda:
# iotop -obPatTusaalaha wax soo saarka barnaamijka
02:55:47 Total DISK READ : 0.00 B/s | Total DISK WRITE : 30.65 K/s
02:55:47 Actual DISK READ: 0.00 B/s | Actual DISK WRITE: 0.00 B/s
TIME PID PRIO USER DISK READ DISK WRITE SWAPIN IO COMMAND
b'02:55:47 753 be/4 root 0.00 B 0.00 B 0.00 % 0.04 % [dmcrypt_write/2]'
b'02:55:47 788 be/4 root 72.00 K 18.27 M 0.00 % 0.02 % [btrfs-transacti]'
b'02:55:47 15057 be/4 valdikss 216.00 K 283.05 M 0.00 % 0.01 % firefox'
b'02:55:47 1588 ?dif root 0.00 B 0.00 B 0.00 % 0.00 % Xorg -nolisten tcp -auth /var/run/sddm/{398f030f-9667-4dff-b371-81eaae48dfdf} -background none -noreset -displayfd 18 -seat seat0 vt1'
b'02:55:47 15692 be/4 valdikss 988.00 K 9.41 M 0.00 % 0.00 % python3 /usr/bin/gajim'
b'02:55:47 15730 ?dif valdikss 9.07 M 0.00 B 0.00 % 0.00 % telegram-desktop --'
b'02:55:47 2174 ?dif valdikss 1840.00 K 2.47 M 0.00 % 0.00 % yakuake'
b'02:55:47 19827 be/4 root 16.00 K 896.00 K 0.00 % 0.00 % [kworker/u16:7-events_unbound]'
b'02:55:47 19074 be/4 root 16.00 K 480.00 K 0.00 % 0.00 % [kworker/u16:4-btrfs-endio-write]'
b'02:55:47 19006 be/4 root 16.00 K 1872.00 K 0.00 % 0.00 % [kworker/u16:1-events_unbound]'
b'02:55:47 1429 be/4 root 484.00 K 0.00 B 0.00 % 0.00 % accounts-daemon'
b'02:55:47 15820 be/4 valdikss 312.00 K 0.00 B 0.00 % 0.00 % firefox -contentproc -childID 6 -isForBrowser -prefsLen 7894 -prefMapSize 223880 -parentBuildID 20191022164834 -greomni /usr/lib64/firefox/omni.ja -appomni /usr/lib64/firefox/browser/omni.ja -appdir /usr/lib64/firefox/browser 15057 tab'
b'02:55:47 2125 ?dif valdikss 0.00 B 92.00 K 0.00 % 0.00 % plasmashell'
b'02:55:47 1268 be/3 root 0.00 B 4.00 K 0.00 % 0.00 % auditd'
b'02:55:47 1414 be/4 root 0.00 B 4.00 K 0.00 % 0.00 % sssd_nss --uid 0 --gid 0 --logger=files'
b'02:55:47 15238 be/4 valdikss 0.00 B 4.00 K 0.00 % 0.00 % thunderbird'
b'02:55:47 18605 be/4 root 0.00 B 3.19 M 0.00 % 0.00 % [kworker/u16:0-btrfs-endio-write]'
b'02:55:47 18867 be/4 root 0.00 B 96.00 K 0.00 % 0.00 % [kworker/u16:5-btrfs-endio-meta]'
b'02:55:47 19070 be/4 root 0.00 B 160.00 K 0.00 % 0.00 % [kworker/u16:2-btrfs-freespace-write]'
b'02:55:47 19645 be/4 root 0.00 B 2.17 M 0.00 % 0.00 % [kworker/u16:3-events_unbound]'
b'02:55:47 19982 be/4 root 0.00 B 496.00 K 0.00 % 0.00 % [kworker/u16:6-btrfs-endio-write]'Firefox ayaa indhahaaga qabanaysa, iyada oo duubaysa 283 megabytes dhawr daqiiqo gudahood oo orodka iotop ah.
Go'aaminta faylasha loo qorayo
Macluumaadka ku saabsan habka kufsiga diskka ayaa wanaagsan, laakiin waddooyinka loo maro duubista ayaa xitaa ka sii fiican.
Aan isticmaalno barnaamijka fatrace, kaas oo la socda isbeddelada nidaamka faylka.
# fatrace -f WTusaalaha wax soo saarka barnaamijka
firefox(15057): CW /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/moz-extension+++e5c304fb-af40-498a-9ba8-47eb0416e933^userContextId=4294967295/idb/3647222921wleabcEoxlt-eengsairo.sqlite-wal
firefox(15057): CW /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/moz-extension+++e5c304fb-af40-498a-9ba8-47eb0416e933^userContextId=4294967295/idb/3647222921wleabcEoxlt-eengsairo.sqlite
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/https+++habr.com/ls/data.sqlite-journal
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/https+++habr.com/ls/data.sqlite-journal
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/https+++habr.com/ls/data.sqlite-journal
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/https+++habr.com/ls/data.sqlite-journal
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/https+++habr.com/ls/data.sqlite-journal
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/https+++habr.com/ls/data.sqlite-journal
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/https+++habr.com/ls/data.sqlite-journal
firefox(15057): CW /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/https+++habr.com/ls/usage-journal
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/https+++habr.com/ls/usage
firefox(15057): CW /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/https+++habr.com/ls/usage
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/https+++habr.com/ls/data.sqlite-journal
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/https+++habr.com/ls/data.sqlite
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/https+++habr.com/ls/data.sqlite
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/https+++habr.com/ls/data.sqlite
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/webappsstore.sqlite-wal
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/webappsstore.sqlite-wal
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/webappsstore.sqlite-wal
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/webappsstore.sqlite-wal
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/webappsstore.sqlite-wal
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/webappsstore.sqlite-wal
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/webappsstore.sqlite-wal
firefox(15057): CW /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/https+++habr.com/ls/data.sqlite-journal
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/webappsstore.sqlite
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/webappsstore.sqlite
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/webappsstore.sqliteFatrace ma muujin karto cadadka xogta la diiwaan galiyay iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay adeegsiga dabagal fudud oo xaqiiqda ah in faylasha lagu galo inotify.
Wax soo saarka waxaad ka arki kartaa sida Habr u kaydiyo maqaalkayga kaydinta maxalliga ah ee browserka inta aan qorayo, iyo sidoo kale kordhinta Xawaaraha Kooxda Xawaaraha, kaas oo, markii aan awoodnay inaan ogaano isticmaalka fatrace, akhriya xogtiisa mid kasta 30 ilbiriqsi Way akhridaa, ma qorto: CW ka hor inta uusan faylku sheegin in faylka loo furay akhris iyo qorid, iyada oo isla mar la abuurayo faylka haddii uu maqan yahay (oo loo yaqaan openat oo leh calanka O_RDWR|O_CREAT), laakiin ma odhanayo wax macluumaad ah ayaa dhab ahaantii lagu qoray faylka.
Haddii ay dhacdo, si loo hubiyo tan, aynu isticmaalno strace, oo leh shaandhaynta wicitaannada nidaamka faylka:
strace -yy -e trace=open,openat,close,write -f -p 15057 2>&1 | grep extensionSoo saarista amarka
[pid 20352] openat(AT_FDCWD, "/home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/moz-extension+++e5c304fb-af40-498a-9ba8-47eb0416e933^userContextId=4294967295/idb/3647222921wleabcEoxlt-eengsairo.sqlite", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC, 0644) = 153</home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/moz-extension+++e5c304fb-af40-498a-9ba8-47eb0416e933^userContextId=4294967295/idb/3647222921wleabcEoxlt-eengsairo.sqlite>
[pid 20352] read(153</home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/moz-extension+++e5c304fb-af40-498a-9ba8-47eb0416e933^userContextId=4294967295/idb/3647222921wleabcEoxlt-eengsairo.sqlite>, "SQLite format 3 20 22 @ d 23"..., 100) = 100
[pid 20352] read(153</home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/moz-extension+++e5c304fb-af40-498a-9ba8-47eb0416e933^userContextId=4294967295/idb/3647222921wleabcEoxlt-eengsairo.sqlite>, "SQLite format 3 20 22 @ d 23"..., 4096) = 4096
[pid 20352] openat(AT_FDCWD, "/home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/moz-extension+++e5c304fb-af40-498a-9ba8-47eb0416e933^userContextId=4294967295/idb/3647222921wleabcEoxlt-eengsairo.sqlite-wal", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC, 0644) = 166</home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/moz-extension+++e5c304fb-af40-498a-9ba8-47eb0416e933^userContextId=4294967295/idb/3647222921wleabcEoxlt-eengsairo.sqlite-wal>
β¦
[pid 20352] read(54</home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/moz-extension+++e5c304fb-af40-498a-9ba8-47eb0416e933^userContextId=4294967295/idb/3647222921wleabcEoxlt-eengsairo.sqlite>, " r4304364354354364- 4204!4'414" 250 &"..., 4096) = 4096
[pid 20352] read(54</home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/moz-extension+++e5c304fb-af40-498a-9ba8-47eb0416e933^userContextId=4294967295/idb/3647222921wleabcEoxlt-eengsairo.sqlite>, " 136Pt2262504 O24532016:"16.27 r245306>2461t1q370"..., 4096) = 4096
[pid 20352] close(77</home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/moz-extension+++e5c304fb-af40-498a-9ba8-47eb0416e933^userContextId=4294967295/idb/3647222921wleabcEoxlt-eengsairo.sqlite-wal>) = 0
[pid 20352] close(54</home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/moz-extension+++e5c304fb-af40-498a-9ba8-47eb0416e933^userContextId=4294967295/idb/3647222921wleabcEoxlt-eengsairo.sqlite>) = 0
Wicitaan ma jiro write(), taas oo muujinaysa in aan la gelin faylka.
Go'aaminta Nidaamka Faylka ee Sare
Farqi weyn oo u dhexeeya akhrinta iotop ΠΈ btrace waxay i siisay fikradda ah in aan tijaabiyo nidaamka faylalka aniga oo gacanta ku qoraya xogta faylka iyo la socodka akhrinta btrace.
Haddii aad gabi ahaanba ka reebto wax ku qorista diskka adiga oo ku rakibaya habka degdegga ah ee habaysan oo gacanta ugu qor dhowr bytes xogta ku socota faylka jira, btrace ilaa SSD ka btrfs warbixino la duubay 3 MB xogta dhabta ah. Nidaamka faylka cusub ee la sameeyay ee 8 GB flash drive wuxuu qoraa ugu yaraan 264 KiB marka la qorayo hal byte.
Marka la barbardhigo, ku qorista dhowr bytes faylka ext4 waxay ku dhamaanaysaa qorista 24 kilobytes ee xogta diskka.
2017, Jayashree Mohan, Rohan Kadekodi iyo Vijay Chidambaram , Natiijooyinkooda btrfs iyo ext4 ee 4KB ayaa qoraya waxay la socdaan kayga.
Gabagabo iyo Gabagabo
Iyada oo la adeegsanayo wax-is-daba-marinta la sharraxay ayaa lagu ogaaday:
- Gelida soo noqnoqda ee shaqo daabacaha ee CUPS daabac daemon ilaa /var/khasnado/ koobabka daqiiqad kasta. Dhibaatada waxaa lagu hagaajiyay nadiifinta /var/saxarada/ koobab (inkasta oo aysan jirin shaqooyin daabacan);
- Xaqiiqda ah in keydka xogta lagu akhriyo 30-kii ilbiriqsi kasta by kordhinta Xawaaraha Kooxda ee Firefox;
- Goynta xilliyeedka ee adeegyada kala duwan ee raadraaca waxqabadka ee Fedora, taasoo keentay in dhowr megabyte oo xog ah loo qoro btrfs: pmcd.service, pmie.service, pmlogger.service;
- Kordhinta weyn marka la qorayo xog yar oo la isticmaalayo btrfs.
Gunaanad: waa inaadan isticmaalin btrfs haddii barnaamijyadu inta badan qoraan xog yar (dhowr kilobytes), haddii kale waxay keeni doontaa megabyte oo xog qoraal ah. Tani waxay si gaar ah run ugu tahay kombuyuutarrada hal-board-ka ah ee OS-ku ku jiro MicroSD.
Source: www.habr.com