Horudhac
Maqaalkan waxaa loogu talagalay dareenka maamulayaasha nidaamka kuwaas oo diyaariya goobaha shaqada ee caadiga ah ee kombiyuutarada ku shaqeeya Windows 10, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa soo saara software.
Waa in la ogaadaa in ay jirto dhibaato gaar ah oo la xidhiidha suurtogalnimada isku-darka software-ka ee laga helo dukaanka internetka ee Microsoft Store si loogu isticmaalo caadada Windows 10. Anigoon tafaasiil ka bixin, waxaan caddaynayaa in dhibaatadani ay la xiriirto xaqiiqda Barnaamijyada lagu rakibay Bakhaarka Microsoft waxay la xidhiidhaan akoontada adeegga maamulaha, iyo marka sawir abuurka gaarka ah ay dhamaystirto utility-ga sysprep khaladaadku way dhacaan duruuftan awgeed.
Habka looga hadlay qodobkan ayaa ka fogaanaya dhibaatadan marka la diyaarinayo Windows 10 Sawirka OS oo leh nidaam hoosaadkii hore ee WSL2, iyo sidoo kale horay loo sii diyaariyay oo loo habeeyey Ubuntu 20.04 OS image oo leh KDE Plasma GUI, taas oo iyaduna yeelan karta iyada u gaar ah. set of software gaar ah.
Waxaa jira tusaalooyin badan iyo casharro badan oo internetka ah oo loogu talagalay dejinta WSL-ka hoose (sida WSL1 iyo WSL2-ka cusub), iyada oo la samaynayo interface GUI ee nidaamyada OS ee Linux ee Ubuntu 16.04 ilaa Ubuntu 20.04, laakiin tani inta badan waxay khusaysaa miisaska ku salaysan. on waxa loogu yeero. "fudud" xfce4, kaas oo leh xaddidaad la fahmi karo ee goobaha isticmaalaha. Laakiin ilaa hadda sida KDE Plasma GUI ee Ubuntu 20.04 ay khusayso, ma jiraan macluumaad badan oo laga helay shabakadda. Laakiin waa ikhtiyaarkan kaas oo siinaya isticmaalaha ugu dambeeya ee ku dhawaad aan xadidnayn ee jaangooyooyinka muuqaalka nidaamka iyo goobaha qalabka, dabcan, iyadoo la tixgelinayo awoodaha isdhexgalka ee hadda jira ee nidaamyada Linux ee lagu hirgeliyay nidaamka hoose ee WSL2.
Ku rakibida qalabka loo baahan yahay ee software iyo habaynta WSL2
Waxaan hubineynaa nooca hadda ee Windows, tan, barta raadinta Windows, geli amarka winver waxaana helnaa wax sidan oo kale ah:
Waa muhiim in nooca OS uu yahay 1903 ama 1909 (Noocyada OS ee la cayimay waa in ay la socdaan cusboonaysiinta isku-darka ah ee KB4566116 lagu rakibay), ama 2004 (lambarka dhismaha oo aan ka yarayn 19041), macluumaadka intiisa kale dhib ma laha. Haddii nambarku ka yaraado, waxaa lagugula talinayaa inaad u cusboonaysiiso nooca ugu dambeeyay ee Windows si aad si sax ah u soo saarto natiijooyinka maqaalkan.
Si ay ugu habboonaato ficillada dheeraadka ah, ku rakib Terminal-ka Windows-ka ee bilaashka ah adoo isticmaalaya Bakhaarka Microsoft (waxaa sidoo kale jira suurtogalnimada in laga soo dejiyo ilo kale):
Waxaan ku rakibnaa X Server X410 iyada oo la adeegsanayo dukaanka Microsoft, software-kan waa la bixiyaa, laakiin waxaa jira wakhti bilaash ah oo 15 maalmood ah, taas oo ku filan imtixaanno kala duwan.
Beddelka bilaashka ah ee X410 oo rakib server-ka VcXsrv X
Meel kasta oo ku habboon saxanka, waxaan abuurnaa hage kaas oo aan ku kaydin doono faylashayada. Tusaale ahaan, aan samayno buug hage C:wsl.
oo ku rakib Ubuntu 20.04 rakibaha kali ah, ka fur faylka ka soo baxa adiga oo isticmaalaya kaydiye (tusaale, 7-zip). Dib ugu magacow hagaha aan xidhxidhnayn oo leh magac dheer Ubuntu_2004.2020.424.0_x64 galay wax dheeraad ah oo la aqbali karo, sida Ubuntu-20.04 oo ku koobbi hagaha C:wsl (ka dib si fudud wsl).
oo ka soo saar buug-tusaha wsl cross-platform sound server PulseAudio v.1.1., waxaan sidoo kale ku samaynay sixid ku saabsan faylalka qaabeynta.
Faylka ku jira wslpulseaudio-1.1etcpulsedefault.pa qaybta Load audio drivers statically wax ka beddel khadka:
load-module module-waveout sink_name=output source_name=input record=0
iyo qaybta Network access wax ka beddel khadka:
load-module module-native-protocol-tcp auth-ip-acl=127.0.0.1 auth-anonymous=1
Faylka ku jira wslpulseaudio-1.1etcpulsedaemon.conf hadal la'aan oo beddel khadka
exit-idle-time = -1
Waxaan u habaynaynaa nidaamka hoose ee WSL2 si waafaqsan Microsoft. Hadalka kaliya ayaa ah inaan horay u soo dejinay qaybinta Ubuntu, waxaanan ku rakibi doonaa tallaabada xigta. Asal ahaan, qaabayntu waxay hoos ugu dhacdaa si ay awood ugu siiso qaybaha dheeraadka ah "Windows Subsystem for Linux" iyo "Platform Machine Virtual", ka dibna dib u soo kabashada si loogu dabaqo isbeddelada goobaha kombiyuutarka:
Haddii loo baahdo oo ku rakib xidhmada adeegga kernel Linux gudaha WSL2.
Waxaan bilownaa Terminalka Windows oo waxaan dooranaa habka degdegga ah adigoo riixaya furayaasha Ctrl+Shift+2.
Ugu horreyntii, waxaan dejinay habka WSL2 ee hawlgalka, tan waxaan galeynaa amarka:
wsl --set-default-version 2
U beddelo hagaha bootloader-ka ee Ubuntu 20.04, xaaladdeyda tani waa wslUbuntu-20.04 oo socodsii faylka ubuntu2004.exe. Marka lagu weydiiyo username, geli username engineer (waxaad geli kartaa magac kale), geli eraygaaga sirta ah oo xaqiiji erayga sirta ah ee la galiyay akoontiga la cayimay:
Degdeg deg deg ah ayaa soo muuqda, Ubuntu 20.04 kernel ayaa la rakibay. Aynu eegno saxnaanta habka WSL2, tan, gudaha Windows Terminal, dooro tab Windows PowerShell oo geli amarka:
wsl -l -v
natiijada dilku waa inay noqotaa sidan:
Waxaan habaynaynaa Microsoft Defender firewall, i.e. u dami shabakada dadweynaha:
Dejinta Ubuntu 20.04
Gudaha Terminalka Windows, dooro tabka Command Prompt mar labaad oo ku rakib cusbooneysiinta Ubuntu 20.04. Si tan loo sameeyo, khadka taliska, geli:
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade –y
Ku rakib KDE Plasma desktop:
sudo apt install kubuntu-desktop -y
Rakibaadda waxay qaadataa ilaa 30 daqiiqo, iyadoo ku xiran waxqabadka kombiyuutarka iyo baaxadda kanaalka gelitaanka internetka, marka uu keeno rakibaha, waxaan xaqiijineynaa. OK.
Ku rakib meelaynta Ruushka iyo qaamuusyada Ubuntu 20.04. Si tan loo sameeyo, khadka taliska, geli:
sudo apt install language-pack-ru language-pack-kde-ru -y
sudo apt install libreoffice-l10n-ru libreoffice-help-ru -y
sudo apt install hunspell-ru mueller7-dict -y
sudo update-locale LANG=ru_RU.UTF-8
sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales # примечание: выбираем ru_RU.UTF-8 UTF-8, см. скриншоты ниже.
sudo apt-get install --reinstall locales
Ku dar nooca ugu dambeeyay ee KDE Plasma desktop:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:kubuntu-ppa/backports
sudo apt update && sudo apt full-upgrade -y
Waxaan ku darnaa barnaamijyadeena konsole, tusaale ahaan mc и neofetch:
sudo apt install mc neofetch -y
Waxaan hubineynaa wixii dhacay, gal khadka taliska neofetch, eeg sawirka:
Tafatirka faylka qaabeynta WSL /etc/wsl.conf:
sudo nano /etc/wsl.conf
ku koobbi qoraalka daaqada tifaftiraha qoraalka maran ee furmay:
[automount]
enabled = true
root = /mnt
options = «metadata,umask=22,fmask=11»
mountFsTab = true
[network]
generateHosts = true
generateResolvConf = true
[interop]
enabled = true
appendWindowsPath = true
kaydi isbedelada (Ctrl+O), xaqiiji hawlgalka oo ka bax tifaftiraha qoraalka (Ctrl+X).
U dhoofinta muuqaalka Ubuntu-20.04 ee la habeeyay ee hagaha aanu abuurnay wsl. Si tan loo sameeyo, gudaha Terminalka Windows, mar kale dooro tab Windows PowerShell oo geli amarka:
wsl --export Ubuntu-20.04 c:wslUbuntu-plasma-desktop
Sawirka la abuuray wuxuu naga caawin doonaa inaan si otomaatig ah u samayno hawlgallada bilaabista / dib-u-dejinta Ubuntu 20.04, haddii loo baahdo, waxay noo oggolaan doontaa inaan si fudud ugu wareejinno kombuyuutar kale.
Diyaarinta faylasha fiidmeerta iyo dariiqyada gaaban ee desktop-ka Windows
Adigoo isticmaalaya tifaftiraha Notepad ++, samee faylalka fiidmeerta (oo daruuri ku jira OEM-866 codaynta soo saarista saxda ah ee jilayaasha Cyrillic):
file Install-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat - loogu talagalay in lagu rakibo bilowga hore ee sawirka la abuuray ee Ubuntu 20.04 kombuyuutar leh nidaam hoosaadkii WSL2 oo horey loo habeeyay iyo server-ka X. Haddii magaca isticmaalaha iyo erayga sirta ah ay ka duwan yihiin kuwa lagu sheegay tusaalaha, markaa waxaad u baahan tahay inaad isbeddel ku habboon ku sameyso faylkan fiidmeerta:
@echo off
wsl --set-default-version 2
cls
echo Ожидайте окончания установки дистрибутива Ubuntu-20.04...
wsl --import Ubuntu-20.04 c:wsl c:wslUbuntu-plasma-desktop
wsl -s Ubuntu-20.04
cls
echo Дистрибутив Ubuntu-20.04 успешно установлен!
echo Не забудьте сменить учетную запись по умолчанию «root» на существующую учетную запись пользователя,
echo либо используйте предустановленную учетную запись «engineer», пароль: «password».
pause
file Reinstall-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat - loogu talagalay in dib loogu rakibo sawirka la diyaariyey ee Ubuntu 20.04 kombuyuutarka.
@echo off
wsl --unregister Ubuntu-20.04
wsl --set-default-version 2
cls
echo Ожидайте окончания переустановки дистрибутива Ubuntu-20.04...
wsl --import Ubuntu-20.04 c:wsl c:wslUbuntu-plasma-desktop
wsl -s Ubuntu-20.04
cls
echo Дистрибутив Ubuntu-20.04 успешно переустановлен!
pause
file Set-default-user.bat - si loo dejiyo isticmaalaha caadiga ah.
@echo off
set /p answer=Введите существующую учетную запись в Ubuntu (engineer):
c:wslUbuntu-20.04ubuntu2004.exe config --default-user %answer%
cls
echo Учетная запись пользователя %answer% в Ubuntu-20.04 установлена по умолчанию!
pause
file Start-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat - bilaabista dhabta ah ee KDE Plasma desktop.
@echo off
echo ===================================== Внимание! ============================================
echo Для корректной работы GUI Ubuntu 20.04 в WSL2 необходимо использовать X Server.
echo Примечание: в случае использования VcXsrv Windows X Server необходимо раскомментировать
echo строки в файле Start-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat, содержащие "config.xlaunch" и
echo "vcxsrv.exe", и закомментировать все строки, содержащие "x410".
echo ============================================================================================
rem start "" /B "c:wslvcxsrvconfig.xlaunch" > nul
start "" /B x410.exe /wm /public > nul
start "" /B "c:wslpulseaudio-1.1binpulseaudio.exe" --use-pid-file=false -D > nul
c:wslUbuntu-20.04Ubuntu2004.exe run "if [ -z "$(pidof plasmashell)" ]; then cd ~ ; export DISPLAY=$(awk '/nameserver / {print $2; exit}' /etc/resolv.conf 2>/dev/null):0 ; setxkbmap us,ru -option grp:ctrl_shift_toggle ; export LIBGL_ALWAYS_INDIRECT=1 ; export PULSE_SERVER=tcp:$(grep nameserver /etc/resolv.conf | awk '{print $2}') ; sudo /etc/init.d/dbus start &> /dev/null ; sudo service ssh start ; sudo service xrdp start ; plasmashell ; pkill '(gpg|ssh)-agent' ; fi;"
rem taskkill.exe /F /T /IM vcxsrv.exe > nul
taskkill.exe /F /T /IM x410.exe > nul
taskkill.exe /F /IM pulseaudio.exe > nul
file Start-Ubuntu-20.04-terminal.bat - bilaabista terminal garaafyo la'aanteed KDE Plasma desktop.
@echo off
echo ===================================== Внимание! ============================================
echo Для корректной работы GUI Ubuntu 20.04 в WSL2 необходимо использовать X Server.
echo Примечание: в случае использования VcXsrv Windows X Server необходимо раскомментировать
echo строки в файле Start-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat, содержащие "config.xlaunch" и
echo "vcxsrv.exe", и закомментировать все строки, содержащие "x410".
echo ============================================================================================
rem start "" /B "c:wslvcxsrvconfig.xlaunch" > nul
start "" /B x410.exe /wm /public > nul
start "" /B "c:wslpulseaudio-1.1binpulseaudio.exe" --use-pid-file=false -D > nul
c:wslUbuntu-20.04Ubuntu2004.exe run "cd ~ ; export DISPLAY=$(awk '/nameserver / {print $2; exit}' /etc/resolv.conf 2>/dev/null):0 ; export LIBGL_ALWAYS_INDIRECT=1 ; setxkbmap us,ru -option grp:ctrl_shift_toggle ; export PULSE_SERVER=tcp:$(grep nameserver /etc/resolv.conf | awk '{print $2}') ; sudo /etc/init.d/dbus start &> /dev/null ; sudo service ssh start ; sudo service xrdp start ; konsole ; pkill '(gpg|ssh)-agent' ;"
taskkill.exe /F /T /IM x410.exe > nul
rem taskkill.exe /F /T /IM vcxsrv.exe > nul
taskkill.exe /F /IM pulseaudio.exe > nul
Sidoo kale si sahlan loogu isticmaalo buug-yaraha wsl waxaanu diyaarinaa habab-gaaban oo tilmaamaya faylasha fiidmeerta ee u dhigma. Markaa waxa ku jira hagaha wsl sidan oo kale:
Bilaabida KDE Plasma Desktop
Waxaan hubineynaa in dhammaan tillaabooyinka diyaarinta la dhammaystiray, waxaan isku dayeynaa inaan bilowno jidka gaaban Plasma-desktop. Codsi sir ah ayaa soo muuqda, geli erayga sirta ah ee koontada oo...daaqaddu way xidhmaysaa. Waa caadi markii ugu horeysay. Waxaan isku daynaa mar labaad - oo waxaan aragnaa KDE Plasma taskbar ee la yaqaan. Waxaan u habeyneynaa muuqaalka goobta shaqada, tusaale ahaan, si sahlan loo isticmaalo, guddiga waxaa loo wareejiyaa dhinaca midig ee shaashadda oo udub dhexaad u ah. Waxaan hubineynaa goobaha meelaynta, haddii loo baahdo, ku dar luqadda Ruushka:
Haddii loo baahdo, waxaanu keenaynaa dariiqyada gaagaaban ee codsiyada Linux ee lagu rakibay KDE Plasma taskbar.
Haddii Ubuntu 20.04 ay kaaga baahan tahay inaad ka baxdo akoonkaaga isticmaale si aad u codsato isbeddelada dejinta, ama aad u baahan tahay inaad dib u bilowdo OS, si aad tan u samayso, gudaha Windows Terminal, geli amarka:
wsl -d Ubuntu20.04 --shutdown
Iyada oo gaaban Plasma-desktop ama Konsole waxaad ku wadi kartaa KDE Plasma Ubuntu 20.04 GUI. Tusaale ahaan, ku rakib Konsole Tifaftiraha sawirada GIMP:
Ka dib markii rakibidda la dhammeeyo, ka orod Konsole Tifaftiraha sawirada GIMP:
GIMP wuu shaqeeyaa, taas oo ah waxa aan rabay in aan hubiyo.
Oo waa kan sida codsiyada kala duwan ee Linux uga shaqeeyaan KDE Plasma gudaha WSL2:
barta shaqada ee KDE Plasma ee la habeeyey ayaa ku taal dhanka midig ee shaashadda. Fiidiyowga daaqadda Firefox-ka ayaa ku ciyaaraya cod.
Haddii loo baahdo, waxaad u habayn kartaa gelitaanka Ubuntu20.04 by SSH и RDP, tan waxaad u baahan tahay inaad ku rakibto adeegyada ku habboon amarka:
sudo apt install ssh xrdp -y
note: si aad awood ugu geliso furaha sirta ah SSH waxaad u baahan tahay inaad wax ka beddesho faylka /etc/ssh/sshd_config, oo ah halbeegga PasswordAuthentication no waa in la dejiyaa PasswordAuthentication yes, kaydi isbeddelada oo dib u bilow Ubuntu20.04.
Mar kasta oo aad bilowdo Ubuntu20.04, ciwaanka IP-ga gudaha ayaa isbedelaya, ka hor inta aanad dejin meel fog, waxaad u baahan tahay inaad hubiso ciwaanka hadda jira adoo isticmaalaya amarka ip a:
Sidaas awgeed, ciwaanka ip-kan waa in la geliyo goobaha fadhiga SSH и RDP intaadan bilaabin.
Tani waa sida gelitaanka fogku u eg yahay SSH isticmaalaya MobaXterm:
Tanina waa sida gelitaanka fogku u eg yahay RDP:
Isticmaalka x server vcxsrv halkii aad ka isticmaali lahayd x410
Daahfurka iyo dejinta vcxsrv, si taxadar leh u deji sanduuqyada hubinta ee habboon:
Kaydinta qaabaynta habaysan ee hagaha wslvcxsrv oo leh magac caadi ah config.xlaunch.
Tafatirka faylasha bat Start-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat и Start-Ubuntu-20.04-terminal.bat sida uu tilmaamayo.
Daah-furka jidka gaaban Plasma-desktop, waana tan waxa aan helayno:
KDE Plasma desktop-ka wuxuu si buuxda u xiraa desktop-ka Windows, si aan u kala beddelno daaqadaha Linux iyo codsiyada windows waxaan isticmaalnaa isku darka muhiimka ah ee caanka ah. Alt+Tab, taas oo aan aad ugu habboonayn.
Intaa waxaa dheer, muuqaal aan fiicneyn oo ka mid ah server-ka X ayaa la muujiyay vcxsrv - way burburtaa marka la bilaabayo codsiyada qaarkood, gaar ahaan isla GIMP ama Qoraa LibreOffice. Waxaa laga yaabaa in aan sugno ilaa horumariyayaashu ay ka saaraan "dhiqlaha" la ogaaday, laakiin tani maaha mid la hubo ... Sidaa darteed, si loo helo natiijooyin la aqbali karo, waxaa fiican in la isticmaalo X Server Microsoft x410.
gunaanad
Weli, waa in aan abaal-marin u siino Microsoft, sheyga WSL2 waxa uu noqday mid si fiican u shaqaynaya, fikradayda khibrad la'aanta ah, aad buu u guulaystay. Iyo inta aan ogahay, horumariyayaashu waxay sii wadaan inay si xoog leh u "dhameyaan", iyo laga yaabee - hal ama laba sano gudahood, nidaamkan hoose wuxuu ka muuqan doonaa dhammaan dhammaystirka shaqada.
Source: www.habr.com