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Maqaalkani wuxuu tixgelin doonaa 2 kiis oo beddelka saxanadaha iyo u wareejinta macluumaadka saxannada cusub ee awoodda weyn leh oo sii ballaarinaya nidaamka array iyo faylka. Kiiska ugu horreeya wuxuu khuseeyaa beddelka saxannada isla MBR/MBR ama GPT/GPT qaybinta, kiiska labaad wuxuu khuseeyaa beddelka saxannada leh qaybinta MBR ee saxannada leh in ka badan 2 TB, taas oo aad u baahan doonto inaad ku rakibto. qayb GPT ah oo leh qayb biosboot ah. Labada xaaladoodba, saxanadaha aan xogta ku wareejinayno ayaa horay loogu rakibay server-ka. Nidaamka faylka loo isticmaalo qaybta xididka waa ext4.
Kiiska 1: Ku beddelashada saxannada yaryar ee saxannada waaweyn (ilaa 2TB)
Hawl: Ku beddel saxannada hadda jira saxanno waaweyn (ilaa 2 TB) wareejinta macluumaadka. Xaaladdan oo kale, waxaan haynaa 2 x 240 GB SSD (RAID-1) saxannada nidaamka lagu rakibay iyo 2 x 1 TB SATA disks oo nidaamka loo baahan yahay in lagu wareejiyo.
Aynu eegno qaabka diskka hadda jira.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk Aynu eegno booska nidaamka faylalka hadda la isticmaalo.
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Файловая система Размер Использовано Дост Использовано% Cмонтировано в
devtmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /dev
tmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 32G 9,6M 32G 1% /run
tmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vg0-root 204G 1,3G 192G 1% /
/dev/md126 1007M 120M 837M 13% /boot
tmpfs 6,3G 0 6,3G 0% /run/user/0
Cabbirka nidaamka faylka ka hor inta aan la bedelin saxanadaha waa 204 GB, 2 md126 software arrays ayaa la isticmaalaa, kaas oo lagu dhejiyay /boot и md127, oo loo isticmaalo sida mugga jirka kooxda VG vg0.
1. Ka saarida qaybaha diskooga ee arrays
Hubinta xaalada isku dhafka
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sda1[0] sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sda2[0] sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/2 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
Nidaamku wuxuu isticmaalaa 2 qaybood: md126 (goobta buurta /boot) - waxay ka kooban tahay qayb /dev/sda1 и /dev/sdb1, md127 (LVM ee Bedelanayaan iyo xididka nidaamka faylka) - wuxuu ka kooban yahay /dev/sda2 и /dev/sdb2.
Waxaan ku calaamadeynaa qaybaha diskka ugu horreeya ee loo isticmaalo shax kasta inay yihiin kuwo xun.
mdadm /dev/md126 --fail /dev/sda1
mdadm /dev/md127 --fail /dev/sda2
Waxa aanu ka saarnay qaybaha qalabka xannibaadda /dev/sda.
mdadm /dev/md126 --remove /dev/sda1
mdadm /dev/md127 --remove /dev/sda2Ka dib markii aan ka saarnay saxanka array-ka, macluumaadka qalabka xannibaadda ayaa u ekaan doona sidan.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk Xaaladda arrays ka dib markii la saaro saxanadaha.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
bitmap: 1/2 pages [4KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>2. Ku koobbi miiska qaybinta saxan cusub
Waxaad ku hubin kartaa miiska qaybinta la isticmaalay ee diskka adigoo raacaya amarka soo socda.
fdisk -l /dev/sdb | grep 'Disk label type'
Wax soo saarka MBR wuxuu noqon lahaa:
Disk label type: dosloogu talagalay GPT:
Disk label type: gpt
Koobiyaynta miiska qaybinta ee MBR:
sfdisk -d /dev/sdb | sfdisk /dev/sdcKooxdan marka hore disk ayaa lagu tilmaamay с kuwaas oo calaamadaynta waa la koobiyeeyay, labaad - halkee nuqul.
DAREEN: ee GPT marka hore disk ayaa lagu tilmaamay kaas oo calaamadaynta koobiga, labaad diskku wuxuu tilmaamayaa saxanka kasoo koobiga calaamadaynta. Haddii aad isku qasto saxannada, qaybta hore ee wanaagsan ayaa la qori doonaa oo la burburin doonaa.
Koobiyaynta shaxda qaabaynta ee GPT:
sgdisk -R /dev/sdс /dev/sdbMarka xigta, ku meelee UUID random saxanka (loogu talagalay GPT).
sgdisk -G /dev/sdc
Ka dib marka amarka la fuliyo, qaybuhu waa inay ka muuqdaan saxanka /dev/sdc.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
Haddii, ka dib ficilka la sameeyo, qaybaha nidaamka ee diskka /dev/sdc aan la go'aansan, ka dib waxaan fulineynaa amarka si aan dib ugu akhrino miiska qaybta.
sfdisk -R /dev/sdcHaddii saxannada hadda jira ay isticmaalaan miiska MBR oo macluumaadka loo baahan yahay in lagu wareejiyo saxanadaha ka weyn 2 TB, markaa saxanadaha cusub waxaad u baahan doontaa inaad gacanta ku sameyso qaybta GPT adoo isticmaalaya qaybta biosboot. Kiiskan waxa lagaga hadli doonaa qaybta 2 ee maqaalkan.
3. Ku darista qaybo ka mid ah saxanka cusub ee diyaarinta
Aynu ku darno qaybaha diskooga ee u dhigma.
mdadm /dev/md126 --add /dev/sdc1
mdadm /dev/md127 --add /dev/sdc2Waxaan hubineynaa in qaybaha lagu daray.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk Taas ka dib, waxaan sugayna in arraysku is waafajiyaan.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdc1[2] sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdc2[2] sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
[==>..................] recovery = 10.6% (24859136/233206784) finish=29.3min speed=118119K/sec
bitmap: 2/2 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
Waxaad si joogto ah ula socon kartaa habka wada shaqaynta adigoo isticmaalaya utility watch.
watch -n 2 cat /proc/mdstat
Xildhibaan -n wuxuu qeexayaa inta udhaxeysa ilbiriqsiyo gudahood amarka waa in la fuliyo si loo hubiyo horumarka.
Ku celi tillaabooyinka 1 - 3 saxanka beddelka ee xiga.
Waxaan ku calaamadeynaa qaybaha diskka labaad ee loo isticmaalo shax kasta inay yihiin kuwo xun.
mdadm /dev/md126 --fail /dev/sdb1
mdadm /dev/md127 --fail /dev/sdb2
Ka saarida qaybaha qalabka xannibaadda /dev/sdb ka soo diyaarin.
mdadm /dev/md126 --remove /dev/sdb1
mdadm /dev/md127 --remove /dev/sdb2Ka dib markii aan ka saarnay saxanka array-ka, macluumaadka qalabka xannibaadda ayaa u ekaan doona sidan.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
Xaaladda arrays ka dib markii la saaro saxanadaha.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdc1[2]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdc2[2]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
bitmap: 1/2 pages [4KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
Ka koobiyaynta miiska qaybta MBR ee saxanka /dev/sdс ku shubasho /dev/sdd.
sfdisk -d /dev/sdс | sfdisk /dev/sdd
Ka dib marka amarka la fuliyo, qaybuhu waa inay ka muuqdaan saxanka /dev/sdd.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 1G 0 part
└─sdd2 8:50 0 222,5G 0 part Ku darida qaybaha diskka ee arrays
mdadm /dev/md126 --add /dev/sdd1
mdadm /dev/md127 --add /dev/sdd2Waxaan hubineynaa in qaybaha lagu daray.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd2 8:50 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]Taas ka dib, waxaan sugayna in arraysku is waafajiyaan.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdd1[3] sdc1[2]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdd2[3] sdc2[2]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
[>....................] recovery = 0.5% (1200000/233206784) finish=35.4min speed=109090K/sec
bitmap: 2/2 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
5. Ku rakibida GRUB darawalada cusub
Loogu talagalay CentOS:
grub2-install /dev/sdXLoogu talagalay Debian/Ubuntu:
grub-install /dev/sdX
halkaas oo X - xarafka qalabka xannibaadda. Xaaladdan oo kale, waxaad u baahan tahay inaad ku rakibto GRUB /dev/sdc и /dev/sdd.
6. Kordhinta nidaamka faylka (ext4) ee qaybta xididka
Saxanadaha cusub /dev/sdc и /dev/sdd 931.5 GB ayaa la heli karaa. Sababtoo ah xaqiiqda ah in miiska qaybinta laga soo guuriyay saxanadaha yaryar, qaybaha /dev/sdc2 и /dev/sdd2 222.5 GB ayaa la heli karaa.
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd2 8:50 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]Waa lagama maarmaan:
- Kordhi qaybta 2 ee saxan kasta,
- Kordhi array md127,
- Kordhi PV (mugga jireed),
- Kordhi LV (mug macquul ah) vg0-root,
- Balaadhi habka faylka
Isticmaalka utility qaybsadeen aan balaadhino qaybta /dev/sdc2 ilaa qiimaha ugu badan. Fulinta amarka parted /dev/sdc (1) oo eeg miiska qaybinta hadda oo leh amarka p (2).
Sida aad arki karto, dhamaadka qaybta 2 waxay ku dhamaanaysaa 240 GB. Aynu ku balaadhino qaybta amarka resizepart 2, halka 2 ay tahay tirada qaybta (3). Waxaan ku muujineynaa qiimaha qaabka dhijitaalka ah, tusaale ahaan 1000 GB, ama isticmaal calaamadda saamiga diskka - 100%. Waxaan mar kale hubinaynaa in qaybtu leedahay cabbirka cusub (4).
Ku celi tillaabooyinka kore ee saxanka /dev/sdd. Ka dib markii la ballaariyo qaybo /dev/sdc2 и /dev/sdd2 wuxuu ahaa 930.5 GBp.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 930,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd2 8:50 0 930,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]Taas ka dib waxaan balaadhinaa isku dhafka md127 ilaa ugu badnaan
mdadm --grow /dev/md127 --size=maxWaxaan hubineynaa in hannaanku uu ballaartay. Hadda cabbirkeedu wuxuu noqday 930.4 GB.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 930,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 930,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd2 8:50 0 930,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 930,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]Kordhinta muddo kordhinta mugga jirka. Kahor intaanan fidin, aynu eegno xaalada PV hadda.
[root@localhost ~]# pvscan
PV /dev/md127 VG vg0 lvm2 [222,40 GiB / 0 free]
Total: 1 [222,40 GiB] / in use: 1 [222,40 GiB] / in no VG: 0 [0 ]
Sida la arki karo, PV /dev/md127 wuxuu isticmaalaa 222.4 GB oo boos ah.
Waxaan ku ballaarineynaa PV amarka soo socda.
pvresize /dev/md127Hubinta natiijada fidinta PV.
[root@localhost ~]# pvscan
PV /dev/md127 VG vg0 lvm2 [930,38 GiB / 707,98 GiB free]
Total: 1 [930,38 GiB] / in use: 1 [930,38 GiB] / in no VG: 0 [0 ]Balaadhinta mugga macquulka ah. Kahor intaanan fidin, aynu eegno xaalada hadda ee LV (1).
[root@localhost ~]# lvscan
ACTIVE '/dev/vg0/swap' [<16,00 GiB] inherit
ACTIVE '/dev/vg0/root' [<206,41 GiB] inherit
LV /dev/vg0/root wuxuu adeegsadaa 206.41 GB.
Waxaan ku ballaarineynaa LV amarka soo socda (2).
lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/vg0-rootWaxaan hubineynaa ficilka la dhammeeyay (3).
[root@localhost ~]# lvscan
ACTIVE '/dev/vg0/swap' [<16,00 GiB] inherit
ACTIVE '/dev/vg0/root' [<914,39 GiB] inherit
Sida aad arki karto, ka dib markii la ballaariyay LV, cadadka booska diskooga ee la haysto wuxuu noqday 914.39 GB.
Mugga LV ayaa kordhay (4), laakiin nidaamka faylka ayaa weli ku jira 204 GB (5).
1. Aynu balaadhino nidaamka faylka.
resize2fs /dev/mapper/vg0-rootKa dib marka amarka la fuliyo, waxaan hubineynaa xajmiga nidaamka faylka.
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Файловая система Размер Использовано Дост Использовано% Cмонтировано в
devtmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /dev
tmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 32G 9,5M 32G 1% /run
tmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vg0-root 900G 1,3G 860G 1% /
/dev/md126 1007M 120M 837M 13% /boot
tmpfs 6,3G 0 6,3G 0% /run/user/0Cabbirka nidaamka faylka xididku wuxuu kordhin doonaa ilaa 900 GB. Ka dib markaad dhamaystirto tallaabooyinka, waxaad ka saari kartaa saxanadaha hore.
Kiiska 2: Ku beddelashada saxannada yaryar ee saxannada waaweyn (in ka badan 2TB)
Jimicsi: Ku beddel saxannada hadda jira saxanno waaweyn (2 x 3TB) iyadoo la ilaalinayo macluumaadka. Xaaladdan oo kale, waxaan haynaa 2 x 240 GB SSD (RAID-1) saxannada nidaamka lagu rakibay iyo 2 x 3 TB SATA disks oo nidaamka loo baahan yahay in lagu wareejiyo. Saxanadaha hadda jira waxay isticmaalaan miiska qaybinta MBR. Maadaama saxannada cusubi ay awood ka badan yihiin 2 TB, waxay u baahan doonaan inay isticmaalaan miiska GPT, maadaama MBR aanu ku shaqayn karin saxanadaha ka weyn 2 TB.
Aynu eegno qaabka diskka hadda jira.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
Aynu eegno miiska qaybinta ee loo isticmaalo saxanka /dev/sda.
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sda | grep 'Disk label type'
Disk label type: dos
Dusha saxanka /dev/sdb miiska qaybinta la mid ah ayaa la isticmaalaa. Aynu eegno meesha diskooga la isticmaalay ee nidaamka.
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Файловая система Размер Использовано Дост Использовано% Cмонтировано в
devtmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 16G 9,5M 16G 1% /run
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vg0-root 204G 1,3G 192G 1% /
/dev/md126 1007M 120M 837M 13% /boot
tmpfs 3,2G 0 3,2G 0% /run/user/0Sida aad arki karto, xididka nidaamka faylka wuxuu qaataa 204 GB. Aynu eegno xaaladda hadda ee barnaamijka RAID ee software-ka.
1. Ku rakibida miiska qaybta GPT iyo qaybinta diskka
Aynu ku eegno qaabka diskka qayb ahaan.
[root@localhost ~]# parted /dev/sda print
Модель: ATA KINGSTON SVP200S (scsi)
Диск /dev/sda: 240GB
Размер сектора (логич./физич.): 512B/512B
Таблица разделов: msdos
Disk Flags:
Номер Начало Конец Размер Тип Файловая система Флаги
1 1049kB 1076MB 1075MB primary загрузочный, raid
2 1076MB 240GB 239GB primary raid
Saxanka cusub ee 3TB waxaan u baahan doonaa inaan ku abuurno 3 qaybood:
- Qaybta
bios_grubCabbirka 2MiB ee ku habboonaanta GPT BIOS, - Qaybta soo diyaarisay RAID ee lagu dhejin doono
/boot. - Qaybta RAID-ka oo ay ku jiri doonto xidid LV и LV isdhaafsiga.
Ku rakibida tamarta qaybsadeen kooxda yum install -y parted (loogu talagalay CentOS), apt install -y parted (loogu talagalay Debian/Ubuntu).
Isticmaalka qaybsadeen Aynu socodsiino amarrada soo socda si aan u kala qaybinno diskka.
Fulinta amarka parted /dev/sdc oo aad qaabka tafatirka qaabaynta diskka.
Samee miiska qaybinta GPT
(parted) mktable gpt
Abuur 1 qayb bios_grub qayb oo calan u dhig.
(parted) mkpart primary 1MiB 3MiB
(parted) set 1 bios_grub on
Samee qayb 2 oo u samee calan. Qaybinta waxaa loo isticmaali doonaa sidii baloog ahaan RAID array oo lagu rakibay /boot.
(parted) mkpart primary ext2 3MiB 1028MiB
(parted) set 2 boot onWaxaan abuurnaa qaybta 3aad, kaas oo sidoo kale loo isticmaali doono sidii block array kaas oo LVM ku yaalo.
(parted) mkpart primary 1028MiB 100% Xaaladdan oo kale, looma baahna in la dhigo calanka, laakiin haddii loo baahdo, waxaa lagu dhejin karaa amarka soo socda.
(parted) set 3 raid onWaxaan hubineynaa miiska la abuuray.
(parted) p
Модель: ATA TOSHIBA DT01ACA3 (scsi)
Диск /dev/sdc: 3001GB
Размер сектора (логич./физич.): 512B/4096B
Таблица разделов: gpt
Disk Flags:
Номер Начало Конец Размер Файловая система Имя Флаги
1 1049kB 3146kB 2097kB primary bios_grub
2 3146kB 1077MB 1074MB primary загрузочный
3 1077MB 3001GB 3000GB primary
Waxaan ku meelayna GUID cusub oo random ah saxanka.
sgdisk -G /dev/sdd
2. Ka-saarida qaybaha disk-ga koowaad ee arrays-ka
Hubinta xaalada isku dhafka
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sda1[0] sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sda2[0] sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/2 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
Nidaamku wuxuu isticmaalaa 2 arrays: md126 (boot point / boot) - wuxuu ka kooban yahay /dev/sda1 и /dev/sdb1, md127 (LVM ee swap iyo xididka nidaamka faylka) - wuxuu ka kooban yahay /dev/sda2 и /dev/sdb2.
Waxaan ku calaamadeynaa qaybaha diskka ugu horreeya ee loo isticmaalo shax kasta inay yihiin kuwo xun.
mdadm /dev/md126 --fail /dev/sda1
mdadm /dev/md127 --fail /dev/sda2
Ka saarida qaybaha qalabka xannibaadda /dev/sda ka soo diyaarin.
mdadm /dev/md126 --remove /dev/sda1
mdadm /dev/md127 --remove /dev/sda2
Hubinta xaalada array ka dib markii la saaro diskka.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
bitmap: 2/2 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
3. Ku darista qaybo ka mid ah saxanka cusub ee diyaarinta
Talaabada xigta waa in lagu daro qaybo ka mid ah saxanka cusub ee isku xidhka isku xidhka. Aynu eegno xaaladda hadda jirta ee qaabaynta diskka.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
Qaybta /dev/sdc1 Waa bios_grub qaybta oo aan ku lug lahayn samaynta arrays. Arraysyadu waxay isticmaali doonaan oo kaliya /dev/sdc2 и /dev/sdc3. Waxaan ku darnaa qaybahan qaab-dhismeedka u dhigma.
mdadm /dev/md126 --add /dev/sdc2
mdadm /dev/md127 --add /dev/sdc3Kadibna waxaan sugayna in arraygu is waafajiyo.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdc2[2] sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdc3[2] sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
[>....................] recovery = 0.2% (619904/233206784) finish=31.2min speed=123980K/sec
bitmap: 2/2 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>Qaybinta diskka ka dib marka lagu daro qaybo shaxanka.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk 4. Ka saarida qaybaha diskka labaad ee arrays
Waxaan ku calaamadeynaa qaybaha diskka labaad ee loo isticmaalo shax kasta inay yihiin kuwo xun.
mdadm /dev/md126 --fail /dev/sdb1
mdadm /dev/md127 --fail /dev/sdb2
Ka saarida qaybaha qalabka xannibaadda /dev/sda ka soo diyaarin.
mdadm /dev/md126 --remove /dev/sdb1
mdadm /dev/md127 --remove /dev/sdb2
5. Koobi ka bixi shaxda qaabaynta GPT oo isku dheji shaxanka
Si loo koobiyo miiska calaamadaynta GPT waxaan isticmaali doonaa utility sgdisk, kaas oo lagu soo daray xirmada loogu talagalay la shaqeynta qaybaha diskka iyo miiska GPT - gdisk.
Ku rakibida gdisk loogu talagalay CentOS:
yum install -y gdisk
Ku rakibida gdisk loogu talagalay Debian/Ubuntu:
apt install -y gdiskDAREEN: ee GPT marka hore disk ayaa lagu tilmaamay kaas oo nuqul ka samee, labaad diskku wuxuu tilmaamayaa saxanka kasoo koobbi calaamadaynta. Haddii aad isku qasto saxannada, qaybta hore ee wanaagsan ayaa la qori doonaa oo la burburin doonaa.
Nuqul ka samee miiska calaamadaynta GPT.
sgdisk -R /dev/sdd /dev/sdc
Qaybinta diskka ka dib marka miiska loo wareejiyo diskka /dev/sdd.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 2M 0 part
├─sdd2 8:50 0 1G 0 part
└─sdd3 8:51 0 2,7T 0 part Marka xigta, waxaan ku darnaa mid kasta oo ka mid ah qaybaha ka qaybqaadanaya barnaamijka software RAID.
mdadm /dev/md126 --add /dev/sdd2
mdadm /dev/md127 --add /dev/sdd3Waxaan sugeynaa in arraygu is waafajiyo.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdd2[3] sdc2[2]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 1/1 pages [4KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdd3[3] sdc3[2]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
[>....................] recovery = 0.0% (148224/233206784) finish=26.2min speed=148224K/sec
bitmap: 2/2 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>Ka dib markaad nuqul ka sameysid qaybta GPT ee diskka labaad ee cusub, qaybtu waxay u ekaan doontaa sidan.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 2M 0 part
├─sdd2 8:50 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd3 8:51 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]Marka xigta, ku dheji GRUB saxannada cusub.
Rakibaadda CentOS:
grub2-install /dev/sdXRakibaadda Debian/Ubuntu:
grub-install /dev/sdX
halkaas oo X - warqadda wadista, kiiskeena wadista /dev/sdc и /dev/sdd.
Waxaan cusbooneysiineynaa macluumaadka ku saabsan diyaarinta.
Loogu talagalay CentOS:
mdadm --detail --scan --verbose > /etc/mdadm.confLoogu talagalay Debian/Ubuntu:
echo "DEVICE partitions" > /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf
mdadm --detail --scan --verbose | awk '/ARRAY/ {print}' >> /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf
Cusbooneysiinta sawirka initrd:
Loogu talagalay CentOS:
dracut -f -v --regenerate-allLoogu talagalay Debian/Ubuntu:
update-initramfs -u -k allWaxaan cusbooneysiineynaa qaabeynta GRUB.
Loogu talagalay CentOS:
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
Loogu talagalay Debian/Ubuntu:
update-grubKa dib marka la dhammeeyo tallaabooyinka, saxanadaha hore waa la saari karaa.
6. Kordhinta nidaamka faylka (ext4) ee qaybta xididka
Qaybinta diskka ka hor balaarinta nidaamka faylka ka dib u guuritaanka nidaamka 2 x 3TB saxannada (RAID-1).
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md127 9:127 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md126 9:126 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 2M 0 part
├─sdd2 8:50 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md127 9:127 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd3 8:51 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md126 9:126 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
Hadda qaybo /dev/sdc3 и /dev/sdd3 ku qabo 2.7 TB. Tan iyo markii aan abuurnay qaab cusub oo disk ah oo leh miiska GPT, cabbirka qaybta 3 ayaa isla markiiba loo dejiyay meesha ugu badan ee suurtogalka ah ee diskka; kiiskan, looma baahna in la ballaariyo qaybta.
Waa lagama maarmaan:
- Kordhi array md126,
- Kordhi PV (mugga jireed),
- Kordhi LV (mug macquul ah) vg0-root,
- Balaadhi habka faylka
1. Balaadhi isku dhafka md126 ilaa ugu badnaan
mdadm --grow /dev/md126 --size=max
Balaadhinta diyaarinta ka dib md126 Baaxadda meesha la haysto ayaa korodhay oo gaadhay 2.7 TB.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md127 9:127 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md126 9:126 0 2,7T 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 2M 0 part
├─sdd2 8:50 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md127 9:127 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd3 8:51 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md126 9:126 0 2,7T 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
Balaadhinta mugga jirka.
Kahor intaadan ballaarin, hubi qiimaha hadda ee booska la haysto PV /dev/md126.
[root@localhost ~]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/md126 vg0 lvm2 a-- 222,40g 0 Waxaan ku ballaarineynaa PV amarka soo socda.
pvresize /dev/md126
Waxaan hubineynaa ficilka la dhammeeyay.
[root@localhost ~]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/md126 vg0 lvm2 a-- <2,73t 2,51tBalaadhinta mugga macquulka ah vg0-root.
Kadib balaadhinta PV, aynu eegno booska la haysto VG.
[root@localhost ~]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
vg0 1 2 0 wz--n- <2,73t 2,51tAynu eegno booska uu haysto LV.
[root@localhost ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
root vg0 -wi-ao---- <206,41g
swap vg0 -wi-ao---- <16,00g Mugga vg0-root wuxuu hayaa 206.41 GB.
Waxaan u ballaarinay LV ilaa meesha ugu badan ee saxanka.
lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/vg0-root Hubinta booska LV balaadhinta ka dib.
[root@localhost ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
root vg0 -wi-ao---- 2,71t
swap vg0 -wi-ao---- <16,00gFidinta nidaamka faylka (ext4).
Aynu eegno inta uu le'eg yahay nidaamka faylka.
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Файловая система Размер Использовано Дост Использовано% Cмонтировано в
devtmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 16G 9,6M 16G 1% /run
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vg0-root 204G 1,4G 192G 1% /
/dev/md127 1007M 141M 816M 15% /boot
tmpfs 3,2G 0 3,2G 0% /run/user/0Mugga / dev/mapper/vg0-root wuxuu hayaa 204 GB ka dib ballaarinta LV.
Fidinta nidaamka faylka.
resize2fs /dev/mapper/vg0-root
Hubinta cabbirka nidaamka faylka ka dib ballaarinta.
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Файловая система Размер Использовано Дост Использовано% Cмонтировано в
devtmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 16G 9,6M 16G 1% /run
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vg0-root 2,7T 1,4G 2,6T 1% /
/dev/md127 1007M 141M 816M 15% /boot
tmpfs 3,2G 0 3,2G 0% /run/user/0
Cabbirka nidaamka faylka ayaa la kordhiyey si uu u daboolo dhammaan mugga.
Source: www.habr.com