🥇 Horudhac nidaamka kaydinta wal-g PostgreSQL

WAL-G waa qalab fudud oo wax ku ool ah oo lagu taageerayo PostgreSQL ee daruuraha. Marka la eego shaqadeeda ugu weyn, waa dhaxalka aaladda caanka ah WAL-E, laakiin dib loogu qoray Go. Laakiin waxaa jira hal sifo oo cusub oo muhiim ah oo ku jirta WAL-G - nuqullada delta. nuqullada delta WAL-G boggaga kaydka faylalka isbedelay ilaa nuqulkii hore ee kaydinta. WAL-G waxa ay fulisaa tignoolajiyada aad u badan si ay u barbar dhigto kaydinta. WAL-G aad buu uga dheereeyaa WAL-E.

Faahfaahinta sida wal-g u shaqeyso waxaa laga heli karaa maqaalka: Waxaan dhaafinay kaydka Muxaadaro Yandex

Habka kaydinta S3 ayaa caan ku noqday kaydinta xogta. Mid ka mid ah faa'iidooyinka S3 waa awoodda lagu galo API, taas oo kuu ogolaanaysa inaad abaabusho isdhexgalka dabacsan ee kaydinta, oo ay ku jiraan akhrinta dadweynaha, halka cusboonaysiinta macluumaadka kaydinta ay ku dhacdo kaliya shakhsiyaadka idman.

Waxa jira dhawr hirgelin oo kaydinta guud iyo kuwa gaarka ah oo adeegsada borotokoolka S3. Maanta waxaan eegi doonaa xal caan ah oo loogu talagalay abaabulka kaydinta yaryar - Minio.

Hal server PostgreSQL ayaa ku fiican tijaabinta wal-g, iyo Minio waxaa loo isticmaalaa bedelka S3.

Server-ka Minio

Rakibaadda Minio

yum -y install yum-plugin-copr
yum copr enable -y lkiesow/minio
yum install -y minio

Wax ka beddel AccessKey iyo SecretKey gudaha /etc/minio/minio.conf

vi /etc/minio/minio.conf

Haddii aadan isticmaali doonin nginx ka hor Minio, markaa waxaad u baahan tahay inaad bedesho

--address 127.0.0.1:9000

--address 0.0.0.0:9000

Bilaabida Minio

systemctl start minio

Tag interface webka Minio http://ip-адрес-сервера-minio:9000 oo samee baaldi (tusaale ahaan, pg-backups).

Adeegga DB

WAL-G ee ku jira rpm waxaa soo ururiyay aniga (Anton Patsev). Github, Hal qayb oo ka mid ah Fedora COPR.

Yaa aan lahayn nidaam ku salaysan RPM, isticmaal kan rasmiga ah tilmaamid by rakibaadda.

Marka lagu daro wal-g binary, rpm waxaa ku jira qoraallo ka soo dejinaya doorsoomayaasha faylka /etc/wal-gd/server-s3.conf.

backup-fetch.sh
backup-list.sh
backup-push.sh
wal-fetch.sh
wal-g-run.sh
wal-push.sh

Ku rakib walg.

yum -y install yum-plugin-copr
yum copr enable -y antonpatsev/wal-g
yum install -y wal-g

Hubinta nooca wal-g

wal-g --version
wal-g version v0.2.14

Wax ka beddel /etc/wal-gd/server-s3.conf baahiyahaaga.

Faylasha qaabeynta iyo faylalka xogta ay adeegsato kutlada keydka xogta ayaa si caadi ah loogu kaydiyaa tusaha xogta kooxda, sida caadiga ah loo tixraaco sida PGDATA

#!/bin/bash

export PG_VER="9.6"

export WALE_S3_PREFIX="s3://pg-backups" # бакет, который мы создали в S3
export AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID="xxxx" # AccessKey из /etc/minio/minio.conf 
export AWS_ENDPOINT="http://ip-адрес-сервера-minio:9000"
export AWS_S3_FORCE_PATH_STYLE="true"
export AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY="yyyy" # SecretKey из /etc/minio/minio.conf

export PGDATA=/var/lib/pgsql/$PG_VER/data/
export PGHOST=/var/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432 # Сокет для подключения к PostgreSQL

export WALG_UPLOAD_CONCURRENCY=2 # Кол-во потоков для закачки 
export WALG_DOWNLOAD_CONCURRENCY=2 # Кол-во потоков для скачивания
export WALG_UPLOAD_DISK_CONCURRENCY=2 # Кол-во потоков на диске для закачки
export WALG_DELTA_MAX_STEPS=7
export WALG_COMPRESSION_METHOD=brotli # Какой метод сжатия использовать.

Markaad habaynayso WAL-G, waxaad cadaysaa WALG_DELTA_MAX_STEPS - tirada tillaabooyinka ay kaydinta delta ugu badan tahay kaydka saldhiga, oo cadee siyaasada nuqulka delta. Ama waxaad nuqul ka sameysaa delta ugu dambeysay, ama waxaad ka sameysaa delta kaydkii asalka ahaa ee buuxa. Tani waa lagama maarmaan haddii ay dhacdo in qaybta isku midka ah ee kaydinta ay had iyo jeer isbeddelayso xogtaada, isla xogta ayaa si joogto ah u beddesha.

Ku rakibida xogta xogta

yum install -y https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/EL-7-x86_64/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.
noarch.rpm
yum install -y postgresql96 postgresql96-server mc

Waxaan bilownay keydka xogta

/usr/pgsql-9.6/bin/postgresql96-setup initdb
Initializing database ... OK

Haddii aad ku tijaabinayso 1 server, markaa waxaad u baahan tahay inaad dib u habayn ku sameyso cabirka wal_level si aad u kaydiso PostgreSQL oo ka yar nooca 10, oo aad nuqul ka sameyso nooca PostgreSQL 10 iyo ka weyn.

wal_level = archive

Aynu kayd ka dhigno kaydka WAL 60kii sekan kasta anagoo adeegsanayna PostgreSQL lafteeda. Soo saarista, waxaad yeelan doontaa qiime ka duwan kaydka_timeout

archive_mode = on
archive_command = '/usr/local/bin/wal-push.sh %p'
archive_timeout = 60 # Каждые 60 секунд будет выполнятся команда archive_command.

Bilaabida PostgreSQL

systemctl start postgresql-9.6

Koonsole gaar ah, waxaan ku eegnaa diiwaanka PostgreSQL ee khaladaadka: ( u beddel postgresql-Wed.log kan hadda jira).

tail -fn100 /var/lib/pgsql/9.6/data/pg_log/postgresql-Wed.log

Aan aado psql.

su - postgres
psql

Ku samee xog-ururinta psql

Samee miis gudaha imtixaanka xogta xogta1.

create database test1;

U beddelo imtixaanka keydka macluumaadka.

postgres=# c test1;

Waxaan abuurnaa miiska indexing_miiska.

test1=# CREATE TABLE indexing_table(created_at TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE DEFAULT NOW());

Ku darida xogta

Waxaan bilaabeynaa gelin gelinta xogta. Waxaan sugeynaa 10-20 daqiiqo.

#!/bin/bash
# postgres
while true; do
psql -U postgres -d test1 -c "INSERT INTO indexing_table(created_at) VALUES (CURRENT_TIMESTAMP);"
sleep 60;
done

Hubi inaad samayso gurmad buuxa.

su - postgres
/usr/local/bin/backup-push.sh

Waxaan eegnaa diiwaanada ku jira shaxda ee imtixaanka xogta macluumaadka1

select * from indexing_table;
2020-01-29 09:41:25.226198+
2020-01-29 09:42:25.336989+
2020-01-29 09:43:25.356069+
2020-01-29 09:44:25.37381+
2020-01-29 09:45:25.392944+
2020-01-29 09:46:25.412327+
2020-01-29 09:47:25.432564+
2020-01-29 09:48:25.451985+
2020-01-29 09:49:25.472653+
2020-01-29 09:50:25.491974+
2020-01-29 09:51:25.510178+

Xadhiggu waa waqtiga hadda.

Eeg liiska kaydinta buuxa

/usr/local/bin/backup-list.sh

Tijaabada soo kabashada

Soo kabsasho buuxda iyadoo la duubayo dhammaan WAL la heli karo.

Jooji Postgresql.

Ka tirtir wax walba /var/lib/pgsql/9.6/galka xogta.

Ku socodsii qoraalka /usr/local/bin/backup-fetch.sh sida isticmaale postgres.

su - postgres
/usr/local/bin/backup-fetch.sh

Soo saarista kaabta waa dhammaatay

Ku dar recovery.conf galka /var/lib/pgsql/9.6/data oo leh waxyaabaha soo socda.

restore_command = '/usr/local/bin/wal-fetch.sh "%f" "%p"'

Waxaan bilaabeynaa PostgreSQL. PostgreSQL waxay ka bilaabi doontaa habka soo kabashada ee WALs ee kaydsan, ka dibna kaliya ayaa kaydka xogta furmi doona.

systemctl start postgresql-9.6
tail -fn100 /var/lib/pgsql/9.6/data/pg_log/postgresql-Wed.log

Soo kabashada wakhti go'an.

Haddii aan rabno in aan soo celinno xogta illaa daqiiqad gaar ah, ka dib waxaan ku darnaa halbeegga recovery_target_time ee recovery.conf - waxaan tilmaamaynaa waqtiga lagu soo celinayo xogta.

restore_command = '/usr/local/bin/wal-fetch.sh "%f" "%p"'
recovery_target_time = '2020-01-29 09:46:25'

Soo kabashada ka dib, eeg miiska indexing_miiska

 2020-01-29 09:41:25.226198+00
 2020-01-29 09:42:25.336989+00
 2020-01-29 09:43:25.356069+00
 2020-01-29 09:44:25.37381+00
 2020-01-29 09:45:25.392944+00

Waxaan bilaabeynaa PostgreSQL. PostgreSQL waxay ka bilaabi doontaa habka soo kabashada ee WALs ee kaydsan, ka dibna kaliya ayaa kaydka xogta furmi doona.

systemctl start postgresql-9.6
tail -fn100 /var/lib/pgsql/9.6/data/pg_log/postgresql-Wed.log

Imtixaanka

Abuuritaanka kayd 1GB ah sida halkan lagu sharaxay https://gist.github.com/ololobus/5b25c432f208d7eb31051a5f238dffff

Codsashada cabbirka baaldiga ka dib soo saarista 1GB ee xogta.

postgres=# SELECT pg_size_pretty(pg_database_size('test1'));
pg_size_pretty
----------------
1003 MB

s4cmd — бесплатный инструмент командной строки для работы с данными, расположенными в хранилище Amazon S3. Утилита написана на языке программирования python, и благодаря этому может использоваться в операционных системах и Windowsiyo Linux.

Ku rakibida s4cmd

pip install s4cmd

LZ4

s4cmd --endpoint-url=http://ip-адрес-сервера-minio:9000 --access-key=xxxx --secret-key=yyyy du -r s3://pg-backups
840540822       s3://pg-backups/wal_005/
840 МБ в формате lz4 только WAL логов

Полный бекап с lz4 - 1GB данных
time backup_push.sh
real 0m18.582s

Размер S3 бакета после полного бекапа

581480085       s3://pg-backups/basebackups_005/
842374424   s3://pg-backups/wal_005
581 МБ занимает полный бекап

LZMA

После генерации 1ГБ данных
338413694       s3://pg-backups/wal_005/
338 мб логов в формате lzma

Время генерации полного бекапа
time backup_push.sh
real    5m25.054s

Размер бакета в S3
270310495       s3://pg-backups/basebackups_005/
433485092   s3://pg-backups/wal_005/

270 мб занимает полный бекап в формате lzma

Brotli

После генерации 1ГБ данных
459229886       s3://pg-backups/wal_005/
459 мб логов в формате brotli

Время генерации полного бекапа
real    0m23.408s

Размер бакета в S3
312960942       s3://pg-backups/basebackups_005/
459309262   s3://pg-backups/wal_005/

312 мб занимает полный бекап в формате brotli

Isbarbardhigga natiijooyinka shaxda