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Daabacaaddii 58-aad ee qiimaynta kombuyuutarrada ugu waxqabadka sarreeya ayaa la daabacay

Waxaa lasoo saaray daabacaaddii 58-aad ee qiimeynta 500-ka kumbuyuutar ee ugu wax-qabadka badan adduunka. Siideynta cusub, tobanka ugu sarreeya isma bedelin, laakiin 4 rucubood oo cusub oo Ruush ah ayaa lagu daray darajada.

19-aad, 36-aad iyo 40-aad ee darajada waxaa qaaday kooxaha Ruushka Chervonenkis, Galushkin iyo Lyapunov, oo ay abuurtay Yandex si loo xalliyo dhibaatooyinka barashada mashiinka iyo bixinta waxqabadka 21.5, 16 iyo 12.8 petaflops, siday u kala horreeyaan. Kooxuhu waxay maamulaan Ubuntu 16.04 waxayna ku qalabaysan yihiin soo-saareyaal AMD EPYC 7xxx iyo NVIDIA A100 GPUs: Kooxda Chervonenkis waxay leedahay 199 noode (193 kun AMD EPYC 7702 64C 2GH cores iyo 1592 NVIDIA A100 80G GPUs (136) cores 134 7702C 64GH iyo 2 GPU NVIDIA A1088 100G), Lyapunov - 80 noodes (137 kun oo koor AMD EPYC 130 7662C 64GHz iyo 2 GPU NVIDIA A1096 100G).

Kaalinta 43-aad waxa ku jirtay kooxda cusub ee Sberbank, Christofari Neo, oo ku shaqaynaysa NVIDIA DGX OS 5 (daabacaadda Ubuntu) oo muujinaysa waxqabadka 11.9 petaflops. Kooxdu waxay leedahay in ka badan 98 kun oo kombuyuutar oo ku salaysan AMD EPYC 7742 64C 2.25GHz CPU waxayna la socotaa NVIDIA A100 80GB GPU. Kutlada Sberbank Christofari ee horay loo hirgeliyay ayaa ka guurtay 61aad waxayna gashay kaalinta 72aad ee qiimeynta nus sano gudaheed.

Laba kooxood oo kale oo gudaha ah ayaa sidoo kale ku jira darajada: Lomonosov 2 - waxay ka soo guurtay 199 ilaa 241 (2015, kooxda Lomonosov 2 waxay qaadatay 31 boos, kii ka horreeyay Lomonosov 2011 - 13 meel) iyo MTS GROM - waxay ka guurtay 240 ilaa 294 meel . Sidaa darteed, tirada kooxaha gudaha ee qiimeyntu waxay kordheen min 3 ilaa 7 lix bilood (marka la barbardhigo, 2020 waxaa jiray 2 nidaam oo gudaha ah, 2017 - 5, iyo 2012 - 12).

Marka loo eego qiimeynta guud, kooxda Fugaku ee Jabbaan, oo la dhisay iyadoo la adeegsanayo soo-saareyaal ARM, ayaa ku sii jira kaalinta koowaad. Kutlada Fugaku waxay ku taal Machadka RIKEN ee Cilmi-baarista Jirka iyo Kiimikada waxayna bixisaa waxqabadka 442 petaflops. Kooxda waxaa ka mid ah 158976 nodes oo ku salaysan Fujitsu A64FX SoC, oo ku qalabaysan 48-core Armv8.2-A SVE CPU (512 bit SIMD) oo leh saacad saacad ah 2.2GHz. Isku soo wada duuboo, kooxdu waxay leedahay in ka badan 7.6 milyan processor cores (saddex jeer in ka badan hogaamiyihii hore), 5 PB ee RAM iyo 150 PB ee kaydinta la wadaago ee ku salaysan Luster FS. Koofiyada Cas ee Linux waxaa loo isticmaalaa nidaamka hawlgalka. Dhererka guud ee fiilooyinka indhaha ee loo isticmaalo in lagu xidho noodhka waa qiyaastii 850 kiiloomitir.

Kaalinta labaad waxa ku jira kooxda Summit, oo ay IBM geysay Shaybaadhka Qaranka ee Oak Ridge (USA). Kooxdu waxay waddaa Red Hat Enterprise Linux oo ay ku jiraan 2.4 milyan oo koofiyado processor ah (22-core IBM Power9 22C 3.07GHz CPUs iyo NVIDIA Tesla V100 accelerators ayaa la isticmaalaa), kuwaas oo bixiya waxqabadka 148 petaflops, kaas oo ku dhawaad ​​saddex jeer ka yar hogaamiyaha qiimeynta.

Kaalinta saddexaad waxaa degan kooxda Sierra Ameerika, oo lagu rakibay Shaybaadhka Qaranka ee Livermore ee IBM iyadoo ku saleysan madal la mid ah Summit iyo muujinta waxqabadka 94 petaflops (qiyaastii 1.5 milyan oo koor). Koofiyada Cas ee Linux waxaa loo isticmaalaa nidaamka hawlgalka.

Kaalinta afraad waxaa ku jira kooxda Shiinaha Sunway TaihuLight, oo ka shaqeysa Xarunta Supercomputer Qaranka ee Shiinaha, oo ay ku jiraan in ka badan 10 milyan oo kombuyuutar oo muujinaya waxqabadka 93 petaflops. In kasta oo ay jiraan tilmaamayaasha waxqabadka la midka ah, kooxda Sierra waxay isticmaashaa kala badh tamar badan tan Sunway TaihuLight. Nidaamka hawlgalka ayaa ah qaybinta Linux ee RaiseOS.

Kaalinta shanaad waxa ku jira kooxda Perlmutter, oo ay soo saartay HPE oo ku taal Xarunta Cilmi-baarista Tamarta Qaranka ee Maraykanka. Kooxda waxaa ku jira 761 kun oo koor oo ku saleysan AMD EPYC 7763 64C 2.45GHz CPU waxayna bixisaa waxqabadka 71 petaflops. Nidaamka hawlgalka waa Cray OS.

Isbeddellada ugu xiisaha badan:

  • Qaybinta tirada kombuyuutarrada sare ee wadamo kala duwan:
    • Shiinaha: 173 (188 - lix bilood ka hor). Wadar ahaan, kooxaha Shiinuhu waxay soo saaraan 17.5% dhammaan wax soo saarka (lix bilood ka hor - 19.4%);
    • USA: 149 (122). Wadarta wax soo saarka ayaa lagu qiyaasay 32.5% (lix bilood ka hor - 30.7%);
    • Japan: 32 (34);
    • Jarmalka: 26 (23);
    • Faransiiska: 19 (16);
    • Netherlands: 11 (16);
    • UK: 11 (11);
    • Kanada 11 (11);
    • Ruushka 7 (3);
    • Kuuriyada Koonfureed 7 (5)
    • Talyaaniga: 6 (6);
    • Sacuudi Carabiya 6 (6);
    • Brazil 5 (6);
    • Sweden 4 (3);
    • Poland 4 (4);
    • Australia, India, Switzerland, Finland: 3.
  • Marka la eego qiimeynta nidaamyada hawlgalka ee loo isticmaalo kombuyuutarrada waaweyn, Linux kaliya ayaa hadhay afar sano iyo badh;
  • Qaybinta Linux (laba sano ka hor):
    • 51.6% (49.6%) ma faahfaahin qaybinta,
    • 18% (26.4%) waxay isticmaalaan CentOS,
    • 7.6% (4.8%) - RHEL,
    • 7% (6.8%) - Cray Linux,
    • 5.4% (2%) - Ubuntu;
    • 4% (3%) - SUSE,
    • 0.2% (0.4%) - Linux Sayniska ah
  • Heerka ugu yar ee waxqabadka ee gelitaanka Top500 ee 6 bilood wuxuu kordhay min 1511 ilaa 1649 teraflops (saddex sano ka hor, kaliya 272 kooxood ayaa muujiyay waxqabadka wax ka badan petaflop, afar sano ka hor - 138, shan sano ka hor - 94). Top100, heerka gelitaanka wuxuu ka kordhay 4124 ilaa 4788 teraflops;
  • Waxqabadka guud ee dhammaan nidaamyada ee qiimayntu waxay ka korodhay 2.8 ilaa 3 exaflops sannadkii (laba sano ka hor waxay ahayd 1.650 exaflops, iyo shan sano ka hor - 566 petaflops). Nidaamka soo xidhay darajada hadda la soo saaray waxa uu ahaa kaalinta 433aad cadadkiisii ​​u dambeeyay, halka sannadkii ka horna uu galay kaalinta 401aad;
  • Guud ahaan tirada supercomputer-yada ee meelo kala duwan oo adduunka ah waa sida soo socota: 226 supercomputer ayaa ku yaal Aasiya (245 - lix bilood ka hor), 160 Waqooyiga Ameerika (133) iyo 105 Yurub (113), 5 Koonfurta Ameerika. (6), 3 ee Oceania (2) iyo 1 Afrika (1);
  • Sida saldhigga processor-ka, Intel CPUs ayaa hogaaminaya - 81.6% (laba sano ka hor waxay ahayd 94%), AMD waxay ku jirtaa kaalinta labaad 14.6% (0.6% !!), IBM Power ayaa ku jirta kaalinta saddexaad oo leh 1.4% ( wuxuu ahaa 2.8 %. Waxaa jira koboc firfircoon oo kooxo ah oo ku saleysan processor-yada AMD; tusaale ahaan, dhammaan nidaamyada cusub ee lagu soo daray Top15 waxaa lagu qalabeeyay AMD CPUs.
  • 26.6% (laba sano ka hor 35.6%) dhammaan processor-rada la isticmaalay waxay leeyihiin 20 kore, 17.6% - 24 cores, 11.2% - 64 cores, 8.6% (13.8%) - 16 cores, 8.2% (11%) - 18 cores, 5.8 % (11.2%) - 12 nooc.
  • 149 ka mid ah 500 ee nidaamyada (laba sano ka hor - 144) waxay sidoo kale isticmaalaan dardar-geliyayaasha ama coprocessors, oo leh 143 nidaamyada isticmaalaya NVIDIA chips, 2 - Intel Xeon Phi (laga bilaabo 5), 1 - PEZY (1), iyo 1 AMD Vega GPU ;
  • Shirkadaha soo saarayaasha, Lenovo ayaa galay kaalinta koowaad - 36.8% (laba sano ka hor 34.8%), Inspur ayaa gashay kaalinta labaad - 11.6% (13.2%), Hewlett-Packard Enterprise ayaa gashay kaalinta saddexaad - 9% (7%), waxaa ku xigtay Sugon 7.8 % (14.2%), Atos - 7.2% (4.6%), Cray 6.4% (7%), Dell EMC 3.2% (2.2%), Fujitsu 3% (2.6%), NVIDIA 2.4 (1.2%), NEC 2% , Huawei 1.4% (2%), IBM 1.4% (2.6%), Penguin Computing - 1.4% (2.2%). Toddoba sano ka hor, qaybinta ka mid ah soo saarayaasha waxay ahayd sida soo socota: Hewlett-Packard 36%, IBM 35%, Cray 10.2% iyo SGI 3.8%;
  • Ethernet waxa loo isticmaalaa in lagu xidho qanjidhada 49.4% (laba sano ka hor 52%) kooxaha, InfiniBand waxa loo isticmaalaa 33.6% (28%) kooxaha, Omnipath - 8.4% (10%). Marka la eego waxqabadka guud, nidaamyada ku salaysan InfiniBand waxay ku xisaabtamaan 43.3% ee waxqabadka guud ee Top500, halka Ethernet ay ka dhigan tahay 21.3%.

Mustaqbalka dhow, daabacaadda daabacaadda cusub ee qiimeynta beddelka ah ee nidaamyada kutlada Graph 500, oo diiradda saaraya qiimeynta waxqabadka aaladaha kombuyuutarrada sare ee la xiriira jilitaanka hababka jireed iyo hawlaha habaynta xogta tirada badan ee caadiga ah ee nidaamyadan, ayaa la filayaa. Green500, HPCG (High-Performance Conjugate Gradient) iyo HPL-AI ayaa lagu daray Top500 waxayna ka muuqataa qiimeynta ugu weyn ee Top500.

Source: opennet.ru

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