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Kernel Linux ayaa siidaayay 6.3

Laba bilood oo horumar ah ka dib, Linus Torvalds wuxuu soo bandhigay sii deynta Linux 6.3 kernel. Qaar ka mid ah isbeddelada ugu caansan waxaa ka mid ah: nadiifinta aagagga dhaxalka ee ARM iyo darawallada sawirada, is dhexgalka joogtada ah ee taageerada luqadda Rust, utility hwnoise, taageerada qaab dhismeedka geedka cas-madow ee BPF, qaabka BIG TCP ee IPv4, dhisme ku dhex jira Dhrystone benchmark, karti si loo joojiyo fulinta memfd, taageero abuurista darawalada HID ee isticmaalaya BPF, Btrfs waxay qaadatay isbeddelo si loo yareeyo kala qaybsanaanta kooxda.

Nooca cusub waxaa ku jira 15637 hagaajin oo ka yimid 2055 horumariye; cabbirka balastar - 76 MB (isbedelku wuxuu saameeyay 14296 faylal, 1023183 khadadka code ayaa lagu daray, 883103 xariiq ayaa la tirtiray). Marka la barbardhigo, nuqulkii hore wuxuu bixiyay 16843 hagaajin oo ka yimid 2178 horumarinta; cabbirka balastar waa 62 MB. Ku saabsan 39% dhammaan isbeddellada lagu soo bandhigay 6.3 kernel waxay la xiriiraan darawallada aaladaha, ku dhawaad ​​​​15% isbeddellada waxay la xiriiraan cusboonaysiinta koodhka gaarka ah ee naqshadaha qalabka, 10% waxay la xiriiraan xirmada shabakadda, 5% waxay la xiriiraan nidaamyada faylka, iyo 3% waxay la xidhiidhaan habab hoosaadka kernel-ka.

Hal-abuurka ugu muhiimsan ee kernel 6.3:

  • Adeegyada xusuusta iyo nidaamka
    • Nadiifin weyn oo kood ah oo la xidhiidha guddiyadii hore ee ARM iyo kuwa aan la isticmaalin ayaa la sameeyay, taas oo suurtogal ka dhigtay in la yareeyo xajmiga koodhka isha kernel 150 kun oo xariiq. In ka badan 40 goobood oo ARM ah ayaa meesha laga saaray.
    • Awoodda lagu abuurayo darawalada qalabka wax gelinta leh ee HID (Aaladaha Interface Device), oo lagu fuliyay qaabka barnaamijyada BPF, ayaa la hirgeliyay.
    • Wareejinta ka timid laanta Rust-for-Linux ee shaqaynta dheeraadka ah ee la xidhiidha adeegsiga luqadda Rust sida luqadda labaad ee horumarinta darawallada iyo qaybaha kernel-ka ayaa sii socday. Taageerada miridhku si caadi ah uma hawl gasho, mana keento in miridhku lagu daro ku tiirsanaanta kernel-ka loo baahan yahay. Shaqada lagu bixiyo siideynadii hore ayaa la ballaariyay si ay u taageerto noocyada Arc (fulinta tilmaamayaasha leh tirinta tixraaca), ScopeGuard (nadiifinta marka ay ka baxdo baaxadda) iyo ForeignOwnable (waxay bixisaa dhaqdhaqaaqa tilmaamayaasha u dhexeeya C iyo code Rust). Qaybta 'amaahda' (nooca 'Lo'da' iyo sifada 'La leeyahay') ayaa laga saaray xirmada 'alloc'. Waxaa la xusay in gobolka taageerada miridhku ee kernel-ku uu mar horeba ku dhow yahay inuu bilaabo inuu aqbalo cutubyada ugu horreeya ee ku qoran Rust ee kernel-ka.
    • Habka-isticmaalka Linux (oo u ordaya kernel-ka habka isticmaale) ee nidaamyada x86-64 waxay fulisaa taageerada kood ku qoran luqadda Rust. Taageero lagu daray dhisidda Habka Isticmaalaha Linux iyadoo la adeegsanayo qabiil-qabiil oo leh hagaajin-waqti-ku-xirnaan (LTO) karti leh.
    • Waxaa lagu daray utility hwnoise si ay ula socoto daahitaanka uu keenay qalabku. Kala leexashada waqtiga fulinta hawlgallada (jitter) ayaa la go'aamiyaa marka shaqada joojintu ay naafo tahay, in ka badan hal microsecond 10kii daqiiqo ee xisaabinta.
    • Waxaa lagu daray unug kernel ah oo fulinaya bartilmaameedka 'Dhrystone', kaas oo loo isticmaali karo in lagu qiimeeyo waxqabadka CPU ee qaabaynta iyada oo aan la helin qaybo ka mid ah isticmaaleyaasha (tusaale ahaan, marxaladda wareejinta ee SoC-yada cusub ee fulinaya kaliya dejinta kernel).
    • Xaddiga khadka taliska kernel ee lagu daray “cgroup.memory=nobpf”, kaas oo curyaamiya xisaabinta isticmaalka xusuusta ee barnaamijyada BPF, kaas oo faa'iido u yeelan kara nidaamyada leh weel go'doonsan.
    • Barnaamijyada BPF, hirgelinta xogta qaab dhismeedka geedka cas-madow ayaa la soo jeediyay, kaas oo adeegsada kfunc + kptr (bpf_rbtree_add, bpf_rbtree_remove, bpf_rbtree_first) halkii lagu dari lahaa nooc cusub oo khariidad.
    • Habka isku xigxiga dib loo bilaabi karo (rseq, taxane dib loo bilaabi karo) ayaa ku daray awooda lagu wareejinayo aqoonsiga fulinta barbar socda (aqoonsiga khariidadda xusuusta) hababka, oo lagu aqoonsaday lambarka CPU. Rseq waxa ay bixisaa hab si degdeg ah loo fuliyo hawlgallada attomically, kaas oo, haddii ay gooyo dun kale, la nadiifiyo oo la isku dayo mar kale.
    • Soo-saareyaasha ARM waxay taageeraan tilmaamaha SME 2 (Scalable Matrix Extension).
    • Qaab-dhismeedka s390x iyo RISC-V RV64, taageerada habka "BPF trampoline" ayaa la hirgeliyay, kaas oo u oggolaanaya in la yareeyo korka sare marka la wareejinayo wicitaannada u dhexeeya kernel iyo barnaamijyada BPF.
    • Nidaamyada leh soo-saareyaal ku saleysan qaab-dhismeedka RISC-V, adeegsiga tilmaamaha “ZBB” ayaa la hirgeliyay si loo dardargeliyo howlaha xargaha.
    • Nidaamyada ku saleysan qaab-dhismeedka hab-dhismeedka loongArch ee tilmaamaha (oo loo isticmaalo soo-saareyaasha Loongson 3 5000 iyo hirgelinta RISC ISA cusub, oo la mid ah MIPS iyo RISC-V), taageeridda meelaynta ciwaanka kernel randomization (KASLR), isbeddelada meelaynta xusuusta kernel ), Qodobbada qalabka waxaa la hirgeliyay habka joogsiga iyo kprobe.
    • Habka DAMOS (Data Access Monitoring-based Monitoring Operation Schemes), kaas oo kuu ogolaanaya inaad xor u tahay xusuusta ku salaysan inta jeer ee helitaanka xusuusta, waxay taageertaa filtarrada si looga saaro meelaha xusuusta qaarkood ee ka shaqeynaya DAMOS.
    • Maktabada heerka ugu yar ee Nolibc waxay siisaa taageerada qaab dhismeedka s390 iyo Arm Thumb1 set oo ah tilmaamaha (marka lagu daro taageerada ARM, AArch64, i386, x86_64, RISC-V iyo MIPS).
    • Objtool waxaa loo habeeyay si loo dedejiyo isu imaatinka kernel-ka iyo in la yareeyo isticmaalka xusuusta ugu sarreysa inta lagu jiro kulanka (marka la dhisayo kernel-ka qaabka "allyesconfig", hadda ma jiraan wax dhibaato ah oo ku saabsan joojinta qasabka ah ee hababka nidaamyada leh 32 GB ee RAM).
    • Taageerada isu-ururinta kernel-ka ee Intel ICC compiler waa la joojiyay, kaas oo aan shaqaynayn muddo dheer oo aan cidina muujin rabitaan ah in la hagaajiyo.
  • Nidaam hoosaadka Disk, I/O iyo nidaamyada faylka
    • tmpfs waxay fulisaa taageerada khariidaynta aqoonsiga isticmaalaha nidaamyada faylka rakiban, ee loo isticmaalo in lagu waafajiyo faylalka isticmaale gaar ah oo ku yaal qayb shisheeye oo rakiban iyo isticmaale kale nidaamka hadda jira.
    • Gudaha Btrfs, si loo yareeyo kala qaybsanaanta kooxaha blocks, xadka waxaa loo qaybiyaa cabbirka marka la qoondeynayo blocks, i.e. Koox kasta oo baloogyada hadda ah waxay ku xaddidan yihiin kuwa yaryar (ilaa 128KB), dhexdhexaad ah (ilaa 8 MB) iyo xaddi badan. Dhaqangelinta duulaanka56 ayaa dib loo habeeyey. Koodhka hubinta jeegaga dib ayaa loo habeeyey. Hagaajinta waxqabadka ayaa la sameeyay si loo dedejiyo hawlgalka dirida ilaa 10 jeer iyadoo la kaydinayo wakhtiga hagayaasha iyo fulinta amarada kaliya marka loo baahdo. Hawlgallada Fiemap hadda waa saddex jeer ka dhakhso badan yihiin iyaga oo ka boodaya jeegaga backlinks ee xogta la wadaago (snapshots). Hawlgallada xogta badan leh ayaa la dardargeliyey 10% iyada oo la wanaajiyey raadinta furayaasha dhismayaasha b-geedka.
    • Waxqabadka nidaamka faylka ext4 waa la wanaajiyey iyadoo loo oggolaaday habab badan inay isku mar si toos ah u fuliyaan hawlgallada I/O ee baloogyada horay loo qoondeeyay iyadoo la adeegsanayo qufullo aan la wadaagin oo aan lahayn qufulo gaar ah.
    • f2fs, shaqo ayaa la qabtay si loo horumariyo akhrinta koodka. La xalliyey arrimaha muhiimka ah ee la xidhiidha qoraallada atomiga iyo kaydka xadka cusub.
    • Nidaamka faylka EROFS (Nidaamka Faylka Akhriska-Kaliya ee La Wanaajiyey), oo loogu talagalay in lagu isticmaalo qaybaha akhrinta-keliya, wuxuu fuliyaa awoodda lagu xidho hawlgallada dempression ee waxyaabaha ku jira faylka CPU si loo yareeyo daahitaanka marka la gelayo xogta.
    • Jadwalaha BFQ I/O waxa uu ku daray taageerada wadiiqooyinka saxan-wareega ah ee horumarsan, sida kuwa adeegsada darawalo badan oo si gaar ah loo maamulo (Multi Actuators).
    • Taageerada sirta xogta iyadoo la adeegsanayo algorithm-ka AES-SHA2 ayaa lagu daray macmiilka NFS iyo hirgelinta server-ka.
    • Taageerada habka ballaadhinta weydiinta ayaa lagu daray nidaamka hoosaadka FUSE (Filesystems In User Space), taasoo u oggolaanaysa macluumaad dheeraad ah in la geliyo weydiinta. Iyada oo ku saleysan habkan, waxaa suurtagal ah in lagu daro calaamado kooxeed codsiga FS, kuwaas oo lagama maarmaan u ah in la tixgeliyo xuquuqda helitaanka marka la abuurayo walxaha FS (abuur, mkdir, symlink, mknod).
  • Farsamaynta iyo Amniga
    • KVM hypervisor ee nidaamyada x86 ayaa ku daray taageerada Hyper-V wicitaanada dheeradka ah waxayna siiyeen u gudbintooda maamule ka shaqeeya jawiga martida loo yahay ee booska isticmaalaha. Isbeddelku waxa uu suurtageliyay in la hirgeliyo taageerada bilowga buulka ee Hyper-V hypervisor.
    • KVM waxay sahlaysaa in la xaddido gelitaanka martida ee PMU (Performance Monitor Unit) dhacdooyinka la xidhiidha cabbiraadda waxqabadka.
    • Habka memfd, kaas oo kuu ogolaanaya inaad ku aqoonsato aagga xusuusta iyada oo loo marayo sharraxaadda feylka ee u dhexeeya hababka, ayaa ku daray awoodda abuurista meelaha ay ka mamnuuc tahay fulinta koodka (memfd aan la fulin karin) oo suurtagal maaha in la dejiyo xuquuqda fulinta mustaqbalka. .
    • Hawlgal cusub oo prctl ah PR_SET_MDWE ayaa lagu daray kaas oo xannibaya isku dayga lagu suurtagelinayo xuquuqda gelitaanka xusuusta ee isku mar u oggolaanaya qorista iyo fulinta.
    • Kahortagga weerarrada fasalka Specter ayaa lagu daray oo awood loo siiyay si caadi ah, iyadoo lagu saleynayo habka tooska ah ee IBRS (Lacagta tooska ah ee xaddidan ee xaddidan) ee lagu soo jeediyay soo-saareyaasha AMD Zen 4, kaasoo u oggolaanaya si habboon u oggolaanshaha iyo curyaaminta fulinta malo-awaalka ah ee tilmaamaha inta lagu jiro socodsiinta joojinta, wicitaannada nidaamka iyo furayaasha macnaha guud. Ilaalinta la soo jeediyay waxay keentaa hoos u dhac marka la barbar dhigo ilaalinta Retpoline.
    • La dejiyay baylahda u oggolaanaysa ka-hortagga ka-hortagga weerarrada Specter v2 marka la isticmaalayo tignoolajiyada isku xidhka badan ee isku mar ah (SMT ama Hyper-stringing) oo ay sababtay curyaaminta habka STIBP (Single Thread Indirect Branch Predictors) marka la dooranayo habka ilaalinta IBRS.
    • Nidaamyada ku saleysan qaab dhismeedka ARM64, bartilmaameed cusub oo "virtconfig" ayaa lagu daray, marka la doorto, kaliya qaybta ugu yar ee qaybaha kernel-ka ee loo baahan yahay in lagu rakibo nidaamyada farsamada ayaa la hawlgeliyay.
    • Qaab dhismeedka m68k, taageerada shaandhaynta wicitaanada nidaamka iyadoo la adeegsanayo habka seccomp ayaa lagu daray.
    • Taageero lagu daray CRB TPM2 (Command Response Buffer) aaladaha lagu dhex dhisay processor-yaasha AMD Ryzen, oo ku salaysan tignoolajiyada Microsoft Pluton.
  • Nidaam hoosaadka shabakada
    • Isku xirka netlink ayaa lagu daray si loo habeeyo PLCA (Fikirka Isku Dhaca Isku Dhaca Jirka) ee hoose, oo lagu qeexay qeexida IEEE 802.3cg-2019 waxaana loo adeegsaday 802.3cg (10Base-T1S) shabakadaha Ethernet ee loo habeeyay isku xirka Internetka aaladaha iyo nidaamyada warshadaha. Isticmaalka PLCA waxay wanaajisaa waxqabadka shabakadaha Ethernet ee leh warbaahinta la wadaago.
    • Taageerada API-ga "fidinta fiilo-la'aanta" ee maaraynta WiFi 7 (802.11be) is-dhex galka bilaa-waayirka ah waa la joojiyay maadaama API-kani aanu daboolin dhammaan goobaha lagama maarmaanka ah. Markaad isku dayeyso inaad isticmaasho API-ga "fireless-ka wireless", kaas oo u sii socda in loo taageero sidii lakab la mid ah, digniin ayaa hadda loo soo bandhigi doonaa inta badan aaladaha hadda jira.
    • Dukumeenti tafatiran oo ku saabsan netlink API waa la diyaariyey (loogu talagalay horumariyayaasha asaasiga ah iyo horumariyeyaasha codsiga-meel-isticmaalka). Utility ynl-gen-c ayaa la hirgaliyay si loo soo saaro koodka C ee ku salaysan qeexida YAML ee nidaamka Netlink.
    • Taageerada ikhtiyaarka IP_LOCAL_PORT_RANGE ayaa lagu daray saldhigyada shabakada si loo fududeeyo isku xidhka xidhidhiyaha baxaya iyada oo loo marayo turjumaanada ciwaanka iyada oo aan la isticmaalin SNAT. Markaad isticmaalayso hal ciwaanka IP dhowr martigaliyayaasha, IP_LOCAL_PORT_RANGE waxay suurtogal ka dhigaysaa in la isticmaalo dekedo shabakadeed oo kala duwan oo ka baxaya martigeliyaha kasta, iyo baakooyinka gudbinta ee ku salaysan lambarada dekeda ee albaabka.
    • MPTCP (MultiPath TCP), awooda lagu farsameeyo durdurrada isku dhafan iyadoo la adeegsanayo nidaamyada IPv4 iyo IPV6 waa la hirgeliyay. MPTCP waa kordhinta borotokoolka TCP ee abaabulka hawlgalka isku xirka TCP ee gaarsiinta baakadaha isku mar ee la raacayo dhowr dariiqo iyada oo loo marayo isku xirka shabakadaha kala duwan ee la xidhiidha ciwaanada IP ee kala duwan.
    • IPV4, waxaa suurtagal ah in la isticmaalo kordhinta BIG TCP, taas oo kuu ogolaaneysa inaad kordhiso xajmiga baakidhka ugu badan ee TCP ilaa 4GB si aad u wanaajiso hawlgalka shabakadaha xarumaha xogta gudaha ee xawaaraha sare leh. Kordhinta la midka ah ee cabbirka baakidhka oo leh cabbir madaxeed 16-bit ah ayaa lagu gaaraa hirgelinta xirmooyinka "jumbo", cabbirka cinwaanka IP-ga kaas oo loo dejiyay 0, cabbirka dhabta ahna waxaa lagu kala qaadaa 32-bit gaar ah. garoonka madax gooni ah oo ku lifaaqan.
    • Halbeeg cusub oo sysctl default_rps_mask ah ayaa lagu daray, kaas oo aad ku dejin karto qaabeynta RPS ee caadiga ah (Qabashada Baakadka), kaas oo mas'uul ka ah qaybinta habaynta taraafikada soo socota ee guud ahaan koodhka CPU ee heerka maamulaha kala goysa.
    • Taageerada shaxanka habaynta safka ee xaddidaya CBQ ( safafka fasalka ku salaysan), ATM (ATM virtual circuits), dsmark (calaamadaynta adeegga kala duwan), tcindex (tusmaynta xakamaynta taraafikada) iyo RSVP (protocol kaydinta kheyraadka) gaadiidka waa la joojiyay. Culuumtan ayaa laga tagay muddo dheer mana jirin cid diyaar u ah inay sii waddo taageeradooda.
  • Qalabka
    • Meesha laga saaray dhammaan darawallada garaafyada ee ku saleysan DRI1: i810 (kaararka garaafyada Intel 8xx isku dhafan ee da'da weyn), mga (Matrox GPU), r128 (ATI Rage 128 GPU, oo ay ku jiraan Rage Fury, XPERT 99 iyo XPERT 128 kaararka), duurjoogta (S3 Savage GPU), sis (Crusty SiS GPU), tdfx (3dfx Voodoo) iyo iyada oo loo sii marayo (VIA IGP), kuwaas oo la joojiyay 2016 oo aan laga taageerin Mesa tan iyo 2012.
    • Dareewalada framebuffer ee dhaxalka ah ee meesha laga saaray (fbdev) omap1, s3c2410, tmiofb iyo w100fb.
    • Darawalka DRM ayaa lagu daray qaybaha VPU (Utubta Hagaajinta Kala Duwan) ee lagu dhex daray Intel Meteor Lake CPU (jiilka 14-aad), oo loogu talagalay in lagu dardargeliyo hawlaha la xiriira aragtida kombuyuutarka iyo barashada mashiinka. Darawalka waxaa lagu fuliyaa iyadoo la adeegsanayo nidaamka hoosaadka "accel", oo loogu talagalay in lagu bixiyo taageerada dardar-geliyayaasha xisaabinta, kuwaas oo lagu bixin karo qaab ASICs gaar ah ama sida IP blocks gudaha SoC iyo GPU.
    • Darawalka i915 (Intel) waxa uu balaadhiyaa taageerada kaararka garaafyada ee Intel Arc (DG2/Alchemist), waxa uu siiya taageero horudhac ah Meteor Lake GPUs, waxaana ku jira taageerada Intel Xe HP 4tile GPUs.
    • Darawalka amdgpu wuxuu ku darayaa taageerada tignoolajiyada AdaptiveSync iyo awooda isticmaalka qaabka Bandhiga Sugan oo leh bandhigyo badan. Taageerada la cusboonaysiiyay ee DCN 3.2 (Display Core Next), SR-IOV RAS, VCN RAS, SMU 13.x iyo DP 2.1.
    • Darawalka msm-ka (Qualcomm Adreno GPU) wuxuu ku daray taageerada SM8350, SM8450 SM8550, SDM845 iyo SC8280XP.
    • Darawalka Nouveau hadda ma taageero wicitaankii hore ee ioctl.
    • Taageerada tijaabada ah ee NPU VerSilicon (Processor Network Neural Network VeriSilicon) ayaa lagu daray darawalka etnaviv.
    • Dareewalka pata_parport waxa loo hirgaliyay IDE Drive-yada ku xidhan deked barbar socota. Darawalka lagu daray ayaa noo ogolaaday inaan ka saarno darawalkii hore ee PARIDE kernel oo aan casriyeyno nidaamka hoose ee ATA. Xaddidaadda darawalka cusubi waa awood la'aanta in uu isku mar ku xidho daabacaha iyo saxanka iyada oo loo sii marayo dekedda isbarbar-dhigga.
    • Waxaa lagu daray darawalka ath12k ee kaararka wireless-ka ee Qualcomm chips taageeraya Wi-Fi 7. Taageero lagu daray kaararka wireless-ka ee RealTek RTL8188EU chips.
    • Taageero lagu daray 46 loox oo leh soo-saareyaal ku saleysan qaab dhismeedka ARM64, oo ay ku jiraan Samsung Galaxy tab A (2015), Samsung Galaxy S5, BananaPi R3, Debix Model A, EmbedFire LubanCat 1/2, Facebook Greatlakes, Orange Pi R1 Plus, Tesla FSD, iyo sidoo kale aaladaha ku saleysan SoC Qualcomm MSM8953 (Snapdragon 610), SM8550 (Snapdragon 8 Gen 2), SDM450 iyo SDM632, Rockchips RK3128 sanduuqa TV-ga, RV1126 Vision, RK3588, RK3568, RK3566, KRK3588, K3328, KRK3, K642, 654, KRK68, iyo KRK69 AM XNUMX/ AMXNUMX / AMXNUMX).

Isla mar ahaantaana, Laatiin Ameerikaanka Free Software Foundation wuxuu sameeyay nooc ka mid ah kernel 6.3 - Linux-libre 6.3-gnu, oo laga nadiifiyay walxaha firmware iyo darawallada ka kooban qaybo aan bilaash ahayn ama qaybo kood ah, baaxadda taas oo xaddidan. by saaraha. Siideynta 6.3, boobyada waxaa lagu nadiifiyey ath12k cusub, aw88395 iyo peb2466 darawallada, iyo sidoo kale faylalka aaladaha cusub ee aaladaha qcom ee ku saleysan qaab dhismeedka AArch64. Koodhka nadiifinta blob ee la cusboonaysiiyay ee darawalada iyo nidaamyada hoose amdgpu, xhci-rcar, qcom-q6v5-pas, sp8870, av7110, iyo sidoo kale darawalada kaararka DVB ee leh software-dejinta iyo faylalka BPF ee la sii diyaariyay. Nadiifinta mga, r128, tm6000, cpia2 iyo r8188eu darawalada waa la joojiyay tan iyo markii laga saaray kernel-ka. Nadiifinta blob darawalka i915 oo la hagaajiyay.

Source: opennet.ru

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