Caqabadaha horumarinta wax soo saarka semiconductor uma eka caqabadaha, laakiin darbiyada dhaadheer. Haddana warshadu waxay hore ugu socotaa talaabo talaabo, iyadoo raacaysa caddaymo la taaban karo oo la helay 55 sano ka hor. . In kasta oo boos celin lagu sameeyay, tirada transistor-yada ku jira chips-ku way sii labanlaabmaysaa labadii sanaba mar.
Si aan sal la'aan ugu noqon falanqaynta IC Insights ku saabsan xaaladda suuqa semiconductor ee 2020. Warbixinta waxaa ku jira taariikhda horumarinta suuqyada waaweyn tan iyo 71: xusuusta DRAM, xusuusta flash NAND, microprocessors iyo naqshadeeyayaasha.
Falanqeeyayaasha ayaa xusay in 10 ilaa 15 sano ee la soo dhaafay, arrimo ay ka mid yihiin isticmaalka korantada iyo xaddidaadda miisaanka ay bilaabeen inay si xoog leh u saameeyaan heerka kobaca tirada transistor-ka ee badeecadaha isku dhafan qaarkood. Laakiin guud ahaan, horumarinta cusub iyo hababka cusub ee naqshadeynta iyo soo saarista chips waxay noo ogolaaneysaa inaan ku xisaabtano ilaalinta joogtada ah ee sharciga Moore.
Sidaa darteed, tirada transistor-yada ku jira chips-yada xusuusta ee DRAM ayaa kordhay celcelis ahaan qiyaastii 2000% sannadkii horraantii 45-meeyadii, laakiin waxay hoos u dhacday 2016% sannadkii tan iyo 20 ka dib markii la soo bandhigay 16-Gbit crystals xusuusta Samsung. Heerka DDR5, kaas oo ay wali dhamaystirayso JEDEC, waxaa ku jiri doona aalado monolithic ah oo leh awood 24 Gbit, 32 Gbit iyo 64 Gbit, kaas oo ah horumar cusub.
Kobaca sanadlaha ah ee cufnaanta xusuusta fiishka ayaa ku hadhay 2012-55% sannadkii ilaa 60, laakiin tan iyo markaas hoos ayuu u dhacay 30-35% sannadkii. Xirmooyinka xusuusta ee qorshaysan, cufnaanta ugu sarreysa waxay ahayd 128 Gbit (xogta Janaayo 2020). Laakiin cufnaanta ugu badan ee 3D NAND chip ayaa gaadhay 1,33 Tbit ee xusuusta 96-lakabka oo leh afar qaybood unug kasta (QLC). Dhamaadka sanadka, 1,5 Tbit 128-lakabka microcircuits ayaa loo ballan qaaday inay soo baxaan, iyadoo kororka xiga ee awoodda ilaa 2 Tbit.
Tirada transistor-yada ku jira microprocessors-ka Intel PC-ga ayaa kordhay ilaa 2010% sannadkii ilaa 40, laakiin sannadihii xigay tiradan ayaa kala badh hoos u dhacday. Tirada transistor-yada ayaa ku sii kordheysa soosaarayaasha server-ka shirkadda. Kobacani waxa uu istaagay badhtamihii ilaa dabayaaqadii 2000-aadkii, balse waxa uu dib u bilaabay qiyaas dhan 25% sanadkii. Intel waxay joojisay shaacinta tafaasiisha tirinta transistor-ka sanadka 2017.
Tirada transistor-yada ku jira Processor-rada Apple ee talefannada casriga ah ee iPhone-ka iyo tablet-yada iPad-ka ayaa kordhay 2013% sannadkii ilaa 43-kii. Tiradan waxaa ku jira xogta processor-ka A13 oo leh 8,5 bilyan oo transistor ah. Apple waxaa la filayaa inay soo bandhigto iPad Pro oo ay ku shaqeyso processor-ka cusub ee A2020X qeybta hore ee 13.
GPU-yada waxqabadka sare leh ee NVIDIA waxay leeyihiin tiro aad u sarreeya oo transistor ah. Si ka duwan microprocessors-ka, GPU-yada, oo leh heerka ugu sarreeya ee isbarbardhigga qaab dhismeedka, kuma jiraan xaddi la taaban karo oo xusuusta kaydinta ah, taasoo ka tagaysa meelo badan oo macquul ah (transistor). Diiradda joogtada ah ee shirkadu ee barashada mashiinka iyo dardar-geliyayaasha AI waxay sii hurin doonaan isbeddelkan.
Source: 3dnews.ru